clef: bidirectional communication with UI (#19018)

* clef: initial implementation of bidirectional RPC communication for the UI

* signer: fix tests to pass + formatting

* clef: fix unused import + formatting

* signer: gosimple nitpicks

7 files changed, 277 insertions, 160 deletions

diff --git a/signer/core/api.go b/signer/core/api.go
index 25057dd12..30888f842 100644
--- a/signer/core/api.go
+++ b/signer/core/api.go
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"math/big"
 	"reflect"
 
@@ -39,9 +38,9 @@ const (
 	// numberOfAccountsToDerive For hardware wallets, the number of accounts to derive
 	numberOfAccountsToDerive = 10
 	// ExternalAPIVersion -- see extapi_changelog.md
-	ExternalAPIVersion = "5.0.0"
+	ExternalAPIVersion = "6.0.0"
 	// InternalAPIVersion -- see intapi_changelog.md
-	InternalAPIVersion = "3.2.0"
+	InternalAPIVersion = "4.0.0"
 )
 
 // ExternalAPI defines the external API through which signing requests are made.
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ type ExternalAPI interface {
 	// List available accounts
 	List(ctx context.Context) ([]common.Address, error)
 	// New request to create a new account
-	New(ctx context.Context) (accounts.Account, error)
+	New(ctx context.Context) (common.Address, error)
 	// SignTransaction request to sign the specified transaction
 	SignTransaction(ctx context.Context, args SendTxArgs, methodSelector *string) (*ethapi.SignTransactionResult, error)
 	// SignData - request to sign the given data (plus prefix)
@@ -58,17 +57,13 @@ type ExternalAPI interface {
 	SignTypedData(ctx context.Context, addr common.MixedcaseAddress, data TypedData) (hexutil.Bytes, error)
 	// EcRecover - recover public key from given message and signature
 	EcRecover(ctx context.Context, data hexutil.Bytes, sig hexutil.Bytes) (common.Address, error)
-	// Export - request to export an account
-	Export(ctx context.Context, addr common.Address) (json.RawMessage, error)
-	// Import - request to import an account
-	// Should be moved to Internal API, in next phase when we have
-	// bi-directional communication
-	//Import(ctx context.Context, keyJSON json.RawMessage) (Account, error)
+	// Version info about the APIs
 	Version(ctx context.Context) (string, error)
 }
 
-// SignerUI specifies what method a UI needs to implement to be able to be used as a UI for the signer
-type SignerUI interface {
+// UIClientAPI specifies what method a UI needs to implement to be able to be used as a
+// UI for the signer
+type UIClientAPI interface {
 	// ApproveTx prompt the user for confirmation to request to sign Transaction
 	ApproveTx(request *SignTxRequest) (SignTxResponse, error)
 	// ApproveSignData prompt the user for confirmation to request to sign data
@@ -95,13 +90,15 @@ type SignerUI interface {
 	// OnInputRequired is invoked when clef requires user input, for example master password or
 	// pin-code for unlocking hardware wallets
 	OnInputRequired(info UserInputRequest) (UserInputResponse, error)
+	// RegisterUIServer tells the UI to use the given UIServerAPI for ui->clef communication
+	RegisterUIServer(api *UIServerAPI)
 }
 
 // SignerAPI defines the actual implementation of ExternalAPI
 type SignerAPI struct {
 	chainID    *big.Int
 	am         *accounts.Manager
-	UI         SignerUI
+	UI         UIClientAPI
 	validator  *Validator
 	rejectMode bool
 }
@@ -115,6 +112,37 @@ type Metadata struct {
 	Origin    string `json:"Origin"`
 }
 
+func StartClefAccountManager(ksLocation string, nousb, lightKDF bool) *accounts.Manager {
+	var (
+		backends []accounts.Backend
+		n, p     = keystore.StandardScryptN, keystore.StandardScryptP
+	)
+	if lightKDF {
+		n, p = keystore.LightScryptN, keystore.LightScryptP
+	}
+	// support password based accounts
+	if len(ksLocation) > 0 {
+		backends = append(backends, keystore.NewKeyStore(ksLocation, n, p))
+	}
+	if !nousb {
+		// Start a USB hub for Ledger hardware wallets
+		if ledgerhub, err := usbwallet.NewLedgerHub(); err != nil {
+			log.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to start Ledger hub, disabling: %v", err))
+		} else {
+			backends = append(backends, ledgerhub)
+			log.Debug("Ledger support enabled")
+		}
+		// Start a USB hub for Trezor hardware wallets
+		if trezorhub, err := usbwallet.NewTrezorHub(); err != nil {
+			log.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to start Trezor hub, disabling: %v", err))
+		} else {
+			backends = append(backends, trezorhub)
+			log.Debug("Trezor support enabled")
+		}
+	}
+	return accounts.NewManager(backends...)
+}
+
 // MetadataFromContext extracts Metadata from a given context.Context
 func MetadataFromContext(ctx context.Context) Metadata {
 	m := Metadata{"NA", "NA", "NA", "", ""} // batman
@@ -199,11 +227,11 @@ type (
 		Password string `json:"password"`
 	}
 	ListRequest struct {
-		Accounts []Account `json:"accounts"`
-		Meta     Metadata  `json:"meta"`
+		Accounts []accounts.Account `json:"accounts"`
+		Meta     Metadata           `json:"meta"`
 	}
 	ListResponse struct {
-		Accounts []Account `json:"accounts"`
+		Accounts []accounts.Account `json:"accounts"`
 	}
 	Message struct {
 		Text string `json:"text"`
@@ -234,38 +262,11 @@ var ErrRequestDenied = errors.New("Request denied")
 // key that is generated when a new Account is created.
 // noUSB disables USB support that is required to support hardware devices such as
 // ledger and trezor.
-func NewSignerAPI(chainID int64, ksLocation string, noUSB bool, ui SignerUI, abidb *AbiDb, lightKDF bool, advancedMode bool) *SignerAPI {
-	var (
-		backends []accounts.Backend
-		n, p     = keystore.StandardScryptN, keystore.StandardScryptP
-	)
-	if lightKDF {
-		n, p = keystore.LightScryptN, keystore.LightScryptP
-	}
-	// support password based accounts
-	if len(ksLocation) > 0 {
-		backends = append(backends, keystore.NewKeyStore(ksLocation, n, p))
-	}
+func NewSignerAPI(am *accounts.Manager, chainID int64, noUSB bool, ui UIClientAPI, abidb *AbiDb, advancedMode bool) *SignerAPI {
 	if advancedMode {
 		log.Info("Clef is in advanced mode: will warn instead of reject")
 	}
-	if !noUSB {
-		// Start a USB hub for Ledger hardware wallets
-		if ledgerhub, err := usbwallet.NewLedgerHub(); err != nil {
-			log.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to start Ledger hub, disabling: %v", err))
-		} else {
-			backends = append(backends, ledgerhub)
-			log.Debug("Ledger support enabled")
-		}
-		// Start a USB hub for Trezor hardware wallets
-		if trezorhub, err := usbwallet.NewTrezorHub(); err != nil {
-			log.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to start Trezor hub, disabling: %v", err))
-		} else {
-			backends = append(backends, trezorhub)
-			log.Debug("Trezor support enabled")
-		}
-	}
-	signer := &SignerAPI{big.NewInt(chainID), accounts.NewManager(backends...), ui, NewValidator(abidb), !advancedMode}
+	signer := &SignerAPI{big.NewInt(chainID), am, ui, NewValidator(abidb), !advancedMode}
 	if !noUSB {
 		signer.startUSBListener()
 	}
@@ -358,12 +359,9 @@ func (api *SignerAPI) startUSBListener() {
 // List returns the set of wallet this signer manages. Each wallet can contain
 // multiple accounts.
 func (api *SignerAPI) List(ctx context.Context) ([]common.Address, error) {
-	var accs []Account
+	var accs []accounts.Account
 	for _, wallet := range api.am.Wallets() {
-		for _, acc := range wallet.Accounts() {
-			acc := Account{Typ: "Account", URL: wallet.URL(), Address: acc.Address}
-			accs = append(accs, acc)
-		}
+		accs = append(accs, wallet.Accounts()...)
 	}
 	result, err := api.UI.ApproveListing(&ListRequest{Accounts: accs, Meta: MetadataFromContext(ctx)})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -373,7 +371,6 @@ func (api *SignerAPI) List(ctx context.Context) ([]common.Address, error) {
 		return nil, ErrRequestDenied
 
 	}
-
 	addresses := make([]common.Address, 0)
 	for _, acc := range result.Accounts {
 		addresses = append(addresses, acc.Address)
@@ -385,10 +382,10 @@ func (api *SignerAPI) List(ctx context.Context) ([]common.Address, error) {
 // New creates a new password protected Account. The private key is protected with
 // the given password. Users are responsible to backup the private key that is stored
 // in the keystore location thas was specified when this API was created.
-func (api *SignerAPI) New(ctx context.Context) (accounts.Account, error) {
+func (api *SignerAPI) New(ctx context.Context) (common.Address, error) {
 	be := api.am.Backends(keystore.KeyStoreType)
 	if len(be) == 0 {
-		return accounts.Account{}, errors.New("password based accounts not supported")
+		return common.Address{}, errors.New("password based accounts not supported")
 	}
 	var (
 		resp NewAccountResponse
@@ -398,20 +395,21 @@ func (api *SignerAPI) New(ctx context.Context) (accounts.Account, error) {
 	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
 		resp, err = api.UI.ApproveNewAccount(&NewAccountRequest{MetadataFromContext(ctx)})
 		if err != nil {
-			return accounts.Account{}, err
+			return common.Address{}, err
 		}
 		if !resp.Approved {
-			return accounts.Account{}, ErrRequestDenied
+			return common.Address{}, ErrRequestDenied
 		}
 		if pwErr := ValidatePasswordFormat(resp.Password); pwErr != nil {
 			api.UI.ShowError(fmt.Sprintf("Account creation attempt #%d failed due to password requirements: %v", (i + 1), pwErr))
 		} else {
 			// No error
-			return be[0].(*keystore.KeyStore).NewAccount(resp.Password)
+			acc, err := be[0].(*keystore.KeyStore).NewAccount(resp.Password)
+			return acc.Address, err
 		}
 	}
 	// Otherwise fail, with generic error message
-	return accounts.Account{}, errors.New("account creation failed")
+	return common.Address{}, errors.New("account creation failed")
 }
 
 // logDiff logs the difference between the incoming (original) transaction and the one returned from the signer.
@@ -521,57 +519,6 @@ func (api *SignerAPI) SignTransaction(ctx context.Context, args SendTxArgs, meth
 
 }
 
-// Export returns encrypted private key associated with the given address in web3 keystore format.
-func (api *SignerAPI) Export(ctx context.Context, addr common.Address) (json.RawMessage, error) {
-	res, err := api.UI.ApproveExport(&ExportRequest{Address: addr, Meta: MetadataFromContext(ctx)})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if !res.Approved {
-		return nil, ErrRequestDenied
-	}
-	// Look up the wallet containing the requested signer
-	wallet, err := api.am.Find(accounts.Account{Address: addr})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if wallet.URL().Scheme != keystore.KeyStoreScheme {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Account is not a keystore-account")
-	}
-	return ioutil.ReadFile(wallet.URL().Path)
-}
-
-// Import tries to import the given keyJSON in the local keystore. The keyJSON data is expected to be
-// in web3 keystore format. It will decrypt the keyJSON with the given passphrase and on successful
-// decryption it will encrypt the key with the given newPassphrase and store it in the keystore.
-// OBS! This method is removed from the public API. It should not be exposed on the external API
-// for a couple of reasons:
-// 1. Even though it is encrypted, it should still be seen as sensitive data
-// 2. It can be used to DoS clef, by using malicious data with e.g. extreme large
-// values for the kdfparams.
-func (api *SignerAPI) Import(ctx context.Context, keyJSON json.RawMessage) (Account, error) {
-	be := api.am.Backends(keystore.KeyStoreType)
-
-	if len(be) == 0 {
-		return Account{}, errors.New("password based accounts not supported")
-	}
-	res, err := api.UI.ApproveImport(&ImportRequest{Meta: MetadataFromContext(ctx)})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return Account{}, err
-	}
-	if !res.Approved {
-		return Account{}, ErrRequestDenied
-	}
-	acc, err := be[0].(*keystore.KeyStore).Import(keyJSON, res.OldPassword, res.NewPassword)
-	if err != nil {
-		api.UI.ShowError(err.Error())
-		return Account{}, err
-	}
-	return Account{Typ: "Account", URL: acc.URL, Address: acc.Address}, nil
-}
-
 // Returns the external api version. This method does not require user acceptance. Available methods are
 // available via enumeration anyway, and this info does not contain user-specific data
 func (api *SignerAPI) Version(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
diff --git a/signer/core/api_test.go b/signer/core/api_test.go
index 0e0c54517..bf4e91eb9 100644
--- a/signer/core/api_test.go
+++ b/signer/core/api_test.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
@@ -47,6 +48,8 @@ func (ui *HeadlessUI) OnInputRequired(info UserInputRequest) (UserInputResponse,
 
 func (ui *HeadlessUI) OnSignerStartup(info StartupInfo) {
 }
+func (ui *HeadlessUI) RegisterUIServer(api *UIServerAPI) {
+}
 
 func (ui *HeadlessUI) OnApprovedTx(tx ethapi.SignTransactionResult) {
 	fmt.Printf("OnApproved()\n")
@@ -91,7 +94,7 @@ func (ui *HeadlessUI) ApproveListing(request *ListRequest) (ListResponse, error)
 	case "A":
 		return ListResponse{request.Accounts}, nil
 	case "1":
-		l := make([]Account, 1)
+		l := make([]accounts.Account, 1)
 		l[0] = request.Accounts[1]
 		return ListResponse{l}, nil
 	default:
@@ -138,13 +141,8 @@ func setup(t *testing.T) (*SignerAPI, chan string) {
 	}
 	var (
 		ui  = &HeadlessUI{controller}
-		api = NewSignerAPI(
-			1,
-			tmpDirName(t),
-			true,
-			ui,
-			db,
-			true, true)
+		am  = StartClefAccountManager(tmpDirName(t), true, true)
+		api = NewSignerAPI(am, 1337, true, ui, db, true)
 	)
 	return api, controller
 }
@@ -169,22 +167,22 @@ func failCreateAccountWithPassword(control chan string, api *SignerAPI, password
 	control <- "Y"
 	control <- password
 
-	acc, err := api.New(context.Background())
+	addr, err := api.New(context.Background())
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("Should have returned an error")
 	}
-	if acc.Address != (common.Address{}) {
+	if addr != (common.Address{}) {
 		t.Fatal("Empty address should be returned")
 	}
 }
 
 func failCreateAccount(control chan string, api *SignerAPI, t *testing.T) {
 	control <- "N"
-	acc, err := api.New(context.Background())
+	addr, err := api.New(context.Background())
 	if err != ErrRequestDenied {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if acc.Address != (common.Address{}) {
+	if addr != (common.Address{}) {
 		t.Fatal("Empty address should be returned")
 	}
 }
diff --git a/signer/core/auditlog.go b/signer/core/auditlog.go
index d64ba1ef9..9593ad7a5 100644
--- a/signer/core/auditlog.go
+++ b/signer/core/auditlog.go
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ package core
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/ethapi"
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ func (l *AuditLogger) List(ctx context.Context) ([]common.Address, error) {
 	return res, e
 }
 
-func (l *AuditLogger) New(ctx context.Context) (accounts.Account, error) {
+func (l *AuditLogger) New(ctx context.Context) (common.Address, error) {
 	return l.api.New(ctx)
 }
 
@@ -86,15 +84,6 @@ func (l *AuditLogger) EcRecover(ctx context.Context, data hexutil.Bytes, sig hex
 	return b, e
 }
 
-func (l *AuditLogger) Export(ctx context.Context, addr common.Address) (json.RawMessage, error) {
-	l.log.Info("Export", "type", "request", "metadata", MetadataFromContext(ctx).String(),
-		"addr", addr.Hex())
-	j, e := l.api.Export(ctx, addr)
-	// In this case, we don't actually log the json-response, which may be extra sensitive
-	l.log.Info("Export", "type", "response", "json response size", len(j), "error", e)
-	return j, e
-}
-
 func (l *AuditLogger) Version(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
 	l.log.Info("Version", "type", "request", "metadata", MetadataFromContext(ctx).String())
 	data, err := l.api.Version(ctx)
diff --git a/signer/core/cliui.go b/signer/core/cliui.go
index 3ffc6b191..a6c0bdb16 100644
--- a/signer/core/cliui.go
+++ b/signer/core/cliui.go
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ func NewCommandlineUI() *CommandlineUI {
 	return &CommandlineUI{in: bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)}
 }
 
+func (ui *CommandlineUI) RegisterUIServer(api *UIServerAPI) {
+	// noop
+}
+
 // readString reads a single line from stdin, trimming if from spaces, enforcing
 // non-emptyness.
 func (ui *CommandlineUI) readString() string {
@@ -223,7 +227,6 @@ func (ui *CommandlineUI) ApproveListing(request *ListRequest) (ListResponse, err
 	for _, account := range request.Accounts {
 		fmt.Printf("  [x] %v\n", account.Address.Hex())
 		fmt.Printf("    URL: %v\n", account.URL)
-		fmt.Printf("    Type: %v\n", account.Typ)
 	}
 	fmt.Printf("-------------------------------------------\n")
 	showMetadata(request.Meta)
diff --git a/signer/core/stdioui.go b/signer/core/stdioui.go
index e169a8bc0..cb25bc2d0 100644
--- a/signer/core/stdioui.go
+++ b/signer/core/stdioui.go
@@ -32,12 +32,16 @@ type StdIOUI struct {
 }
 
 func NewStdIOUI() *StdIOUI {
-	log.Info("NewStdIOUI")
 	client, err := rpc.DialContext(context.Background(), "stdio://")
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Crit("Could not create stdio client", "err", err)
 	}
-	return &StdIOUI{client: *client}
+	ui := &StdIOUI{client: *client}
+	return ui
+}
+
+func (ui *StdIOUI) RegisterUIServer(api *UIServerAPI) {
+	ui.client.RegisterName("clef", api)
 }
 
 // dispatch sends a request over the stdio
diff --git a/signer/core/types.go b/signer/core/types.go
index 8acfa7a6a..c1d3b9bf8 100644
--- a/signer/core/types.go
+++ b/signer/core/types.go
@@ -22,36 +22,11 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 )
 
-type Accounts []Account
-
-func (as Accounts) String() string {
-	var output []string
-	for _, a := range as {
-		output = append(output, a.String())
-	}
-	return strings.Join(output, "\n")
-}
-
-type Account struct {
-	Typ     string         `json:"type"`
-	URL     accounts.URL   `json:"url"`
-	Address common.Address `json:"address"`
-}
-
-func (a Account) String() string {
-	s, err := json.Marshal(a)
-	if err == nil {
-		return string(s)
-	}
-	return err.Error()
-}
-
 type ValidationInfo struct {
 	Typ     string `json:"type"`
 	Message string `json:"message"`
diff --git a/signer/core/uiapi.go b/signer/core/uiapi.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6dc68313b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/signer/core/uiapi.go
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+
+package core
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+)
+
+// SignerUIAPI implements methods Clef provides for a UI to query, in the bidirectional communication
+// channel.
+// This API is considered secure, since a request can only
+// ever arrive from the UI -- and the UI is capable of approving any action, thus we can consider these
+// requests pre-approved.
+// NB: It's very important that these methods are not ever exposed on the external service
+// registry.
+type UIServerAPI struct {
+	extApi *SignerAPI
+	am     *accounts.Manager
+}
+
+// NewUIServerAPI creates a new UIServerAPI
+func NewUIServerAPI(extapi *SignerAPI) *UIServerAPI {
+	return &UIServerAPI{extapi, extapi.am}
+}
+
+// List available accounts. As opposed to the external API definition, this method delivers
+// the full Account object and not only Address.
+// Example call
+// {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"clef_listAccounts","params":[], "id":4}
+func (s *UIServerAPI) ListAccounts(ctx context.Context) ([]accounts.Account, error) {
+	var accs []accounts.Account
+	for _, wallet := range s.am.Wallets() {
+		accs = append(accs, wallet.Accounts()...)
+	}
+	return accs, nil
+}
+
+// rawWallet is a JSON representation of an accounts.Wallet interface, with its
+// data contents extracted into plain fields.
+type rawWallet struct {
+	URL      string             `json:"url"`
+	Status   string             `json:"status"`
+	Failure  string             `json:"failure,omitempty"`
+	Accounts []accounts.Account `json:"accounts,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ListWallets will return a list of wallets that clef manages
+// Example call
+// {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"clef_listWallets","params":[], "id":5}
+func (s *UIServerAPI) ListWallets() []rawWallet {
+	wallets := make([]rawWallet, 0) // return [] instead of nil if empty
+	for _, wallet := range s.am.Wallets() {
+		status, failure := wallet.Status()
+
+		raw := rawWallet{
+			URL:      wallet.URL().String(),
+			Status:   status,
+			Accounts: wallet.Accounts(),
+		}
+		if failure != nil {
+			raw.Failure = failure.Error()
+		}
+		wallets = append(wallets, raw)
+	}
+	return wallets
+}
+
+// DeriveAccount requests a HD wallet to derive a new account, optionally pinning
+// it for later reuse.
+// Example call
+// {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"clef_deriveAccount","params":["ledger://","m/44'/60'/0'", false], "id":6}
+func (s *UIServerAPI) DeriveAccount(url string, path string, pin *bool) (accounts.Account, error) {
+	wallet, err := s.am.Wallet(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return accounts.Account{}, err
+	}
+	derivPath, err := accounts.ParseDerivationPath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return accounts.Account{}, err
+	}
+	if pin == nil {
+		pin = new(bool)
+	}
+	return wallet.Derive(derivPath, *pin)
+}
+
+// fetchKeystore retrives the encrypted keystore from the account manager.
+func fetchKeystore(am *accounts.Manager) *keystore.KeyStore {
+	return am.Backends(keystore.KeyStoreType)[0].(*keystore.KeyStore)
+}
+
+// ImportRawKey stores the given hex encoded ECDSA key into the key directory,
+// encrypting it with the passphrase.
+// Example call (should fail on password too short)
+// {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"clef_importRawKey","params":["1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111","test"], "id":6}
+func (s *UIServerAPI) ImportRawKey(privkey string, password string) (accounts.Account, error) {
+	key, err := crypto.HexToECDSA(privkey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return accounts.Account{}, err
+	}
+	if err := ValidatePasswordFormat(password); err != nil {
+		return accounts.Account{}, fmt.Errorf("password requirements not met: %v", err)
+	}
+	// No error
+	return fetchKeystore(s.am).ImportECDSA(key, password)
+}
+
+// OpenWallet initiates a hardware wallet opening procedure, establishing a USB
+// connection and attempting to authenticate via the provided passphrase. Note,
+// the method may return an extra challenge requiring a second open (e.g. the
+// Trezor PIN matrix challenge).
+// Example
+// {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"clef_openWallet","params":["ledger://",""], "id":6}
+func (s *UIServerAPI) OpenWallet(url string, passphrase *string) error {
+	wallet, err := s.am.Wallet(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pass := ""
+	if passphrase != nil {
+		pass = *passphrase
+	}
+	return wallet.Open(pass)
+}
+
+// ChainId returns the chainid in use for Eip-155 replay protection
+// Example call
+// {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"clef_chainId","params":[], "id":8}
+func (s *UIServerAPI) ChainId() math.HexOrDecimal64 {
+	return (math.HexOrDecimal64)(s.extApi.chainID.Uint64())
+}
+
+// SetChainId sets the chain id to use when signing transactions.
+// Example call to set Ropsten:
+// {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"clef_setChainId","params":["3"], "id":8}
+func (s *UIServerAPI) SetChainId(id math.HexOrDecimal64) math.HexOrDecimal64 {
+	s.extApi.chainID = new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(id))
+	return s.ChainId()
+}
+
+// Export returns encrypted private key associated with the given address in web3 keystore format.
+// Example
+// {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"clef_export","params":["0x19e7e376e7c213b7e7e7e46cc70a5dd086daff2a"], "id":4}
+func (s *UIServerAPI) Export(ctx context.Context, addr common.Address) (json.RawMessage, error) {
+	// Look up the wallet containing the requested signer
+	wallet, err := s.am.Find(accounts.Account{Address: addr})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if wallet.URL().Scheme != keystore.KeyStoreScheme {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Account is not a keystore-account")
+	}
+	return ioutil.ReadFile(wallet.URL().Path)
+}
+
+// Import tries to import the given keyJSON in the local keystore. The keyJSON data is expected to be
+// in web3 keystore format. It will decrypt the keyJSON with the given passphrase and on successful
+// decryption it will encrypt the key with the given newPassphrase and store it in the keystore.
+// Example (the address in question has privkey `11...11`):
+// {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"clef_import","params":[{"address":"19e7e376e7c213b7e7e7e46cc70a5dd086daff2a","crypto":{"cipher":"aes-128-ctr","ciphertext":"33e4cd3756091d037862bb7295e9552424a391a6e003272180a455ca2a9fb332","cipherparams":{"iv":"b54b263e8f89c42bb219b6279fba5cce"},"kdf":"scrypt","kdfparams":{"dklen":32,"n":262144,"p":1,"r":8,"salt":"e4ca94644fd30569c1b1afbbc851729953c92637b7fe4bb9840bbb31ffbc64a5"},"mac":"f4092a445c2b21c0ef34f17c9cd0d873702b2869ec5df4439a0c2505823217e7"},"id":"216c7eac-e8c1-49af-a215-fa0036f29141","version":3},"test","yaddayadda"], "id":4}
+func (api *UIServerAPI) Import(ctx context.Context, keyJSON json.RawMessage, oldPassphrase, newPassphrase string) (accounts.Account, error) {
+	be := api.am.Backends(keystore.KeyStoreType)
+
+	if len(be) == 0 {
+		return accounts.Account{}, errors.New("password based accounts not supported")
+	}
+	if err := ValidatePasswordFormat(newPassphrase); err != nil {
+		return accounts.Account{}, fmt.Errorf("password requirements not met: %v", err)
+	}
+	return be[0].(*keystore.KeyStore).Import(keyJSON, oldPassphrase, newPassphrase)
+}
+
+// Other methods to be added, not yet implemented are:
+// - Ruleset interaction: add rules, attest rulefiles
+// - Store metadata about accounts, e.g. naming of accounts