Refactored block & Transaction

* Includes new rlp decoder

19 files changed, 450 insertions, 568 deletions

diff --git a/cmd/ethereum/repl/repl.go b/cmd/ethereum/repl/repl.go
index 4a7880ff4..822aaa19d 100644
--- a/cmd/ethereum/repl/repl.go
+++ b/cmd/ethereum/repl/repl.go
@@ -86,12 +86,6 @@ func (self *JSRepl) Stop() {
 }
 
 func (self *JSRepl) parseInput(code string) {
-	defer func() {
-		if r := recover(); r != nil {
-			fmt.Println("[native] error", r)
-		}
-	}()
-
 	value, err := self.re.Run(code)
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Println(err)
diff --git a/cmd/utils/cmd.go b/cmd/utils/cmd.go
index 3e3ac617a..2b24ac532 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/cmd.go
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ func BlockDo(ethereum *eth.Ethereum, hash []byte) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unknown block %x", hash)
 	}
 
-	parent := ethereum.ChainManager().GetBlock(block.PrevHash)
+	parent := ethereum.ChainManager().GetBlock(block.ParentHash())
 
 	_, err := ethereum.BlockManager().TransitionState(parent.State(), parent, block)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/cmd/utils/vm_env.go b/cmd/utils/vm_env.go
index 461a797c2..be6249e82 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/vm_env.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/vm_env.go
@@ -30,15 +30,15 @@ func NewEnv(state *state.StateDB, block *types.Block, transactor []byte, value *
 }
 
 func (self *VMEnv) Origin() []byte        { return self.transactor }
-func (self *VMEnv) BlockNumber() *big.Int { return self.block.Number }
-func (self *VMEnv) PrevHash() []byte      { return self.block.PrevHash }
-func (self *VMEnv) Coinbase() []byte      { return self.block.Coinbase }
-func (self *VMEnv) Time() int64           { return self.block.Time }
-func (self *VMEnv) Difficulty() *big.Int  { return self.block.Difficulty }
+func (self *VMEnv) BlockNumber() *big.Int { return self.block.Number() }
+func (self *VMEnv) PrevHash() []byte      { return self.block.ParentHash() }
+func (self *VMEnv) Coinbase() []byte      { return self.block.Coinbase() }
+func (self *VMEnv) Time() int64           { return self.block.Time() }
+func (self *VMEnv) Difficulty() *big.Int  { return self.block.Difficulty() }
 func (self *VMEnv) BlockHash() []byte     { return self.block.Hash() }
+func (self *VMEnv) GasLimit() *big.Int    { return self.block.GasLimit() }
 func (self *VMEnv) Value() *big.Int       { return self.value }
 func (self *VMEnv) State() *state.StateDB { return self.state }
-func (self *VMEnv) GasLimit() *big.Int    { return self.block.GasLimit }
 func (self *VMEnv) Depth() int            { return self.depth }
 func (self *VMEnv) SetDepth(i int)        { self.depth = i }
 func (self *VMEnv) AddLog(log state.Log) {
diff --git a/core/block_manager.go b/core/block_manager.go
index b60cecc29..c61cf6504 100644
--- a/core/block_manager.go
+++ b/core/block_manager.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow/ezp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
+	"gopkg.in/fatih/set.v0"
 )
 
 var statelogger = logger.NewLogger("BLOCK")
@@ -82,8 +83,8 @@ func NewBlockManager(txpool *TxPool, chainManager *ChainManager, eventMux *event
 }
 
 func (sm *BlockManager) TransitionState(statedb *state.StateDB, parent, block *types.Block) (receipts types.Receipts, err error) {
-	coinbase := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(block.Coinbase)
-	coinbase.SetGasPool(block.CalcGasLimit(parent))
+	coinbase := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(block.Header().Coinbase)
+	coinbase.SetGasPool(CalcGasLimit(parent, block))
 
 	// Process the transactions on to current block
 	receipts, _, _, _, err = sm.ApplyTransactions(coinbase, statedb, block, block.Transactions(), false)
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ done:
 	}
 
 	block.Reward = cumulativeSum
-	block.GasUsed = totalUsedGas
+	block.Header().GasUsed = totalUsedGas
 
 	return receipts, handled, unhandled, erroneous, err
 }
@@ -166,14 +167,15 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) Process(block *types.Block) (td *big.Int, msgs state.Mes
 	sm.mutex.Lock()
 	defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if sm.bc.HasBlock(block.Hash()) {
-		return nil, nil, &KnownBlockError{block.Number, block.Hash()}
+	header := block.Header()
+	if sm.bc.HasBlock(header.Hash()) {
+		return nil, nil, &KnownBlockError{header.Number, header.Hash()}
 	}
 
-	if !sm.bc.HasBlock(block.PrevHash) {
-		return nil, nil, ParentError(block.PrevHash)
+	if !sm.bc.HasBlock(header.ParentHash) {
+		return nil, nil, ParentError(header.ParentHash)
 	}
-	parent := sm.bc.GetBlock(block.PrevHash)
+	parent := sm.bc.GetBlock(header.ParentHash)
 
 	return sm.ProcessWithParent(block, parent)
 }
@@ -181,7 +183,7 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) Process(block *types.Block) (td *big.Int, msgs state.Mes
 func (sm *BlockManager) ProcessWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (td *big.Int, messages state.Messages, err error) {
 	sm.lastAttemptedBlock = block
 
-	state := parent.State().Copy()
+	state := state.New(parent.Trie().Copy())
 
 	// Defer the Undo on the Trie. If the block processing happened
 	// we don't want to undo but since undo only happens on dirty
@@ -199,23 +201,23 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) ProcessWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (td *big.I
 		return
 	}
 
+	header := block.Header()
+
 	rbloom := types.CreateBloom(receipts)
-	if bytes.Compare(rbloom, block.LogsBloom) != 0 {
+	if bytes.Compare(rbloom, header.Bloom) != 0 {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("unable to replicate block's bloom=%x", rbloom)
 		return
 	}
 
 	txSha := types.DeriveSha(block.Transactions())
-	if bytes.Compare(txSha, block.TxSha) != 0 {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("validating transaction root. received=%x got=%x", block.TxSha, txSha)
+	if bytes.Compare(txSha, header.TxHash) != 0 {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("validating transaction root. received=%x got=%x", header.TxHash, txSha)
 		return
 	}
 
 	receiptSha := types.DeriveSha(receipts)
-	if bytes.Compare(receiptSha, block.ReceiptSha) != 0 {
-		//chainlogger.Debugf("validating receipt root. received=%x got=%x", block.ReceiptSha, receiptSha)
-		fmt.Printf("%x\n", ethutil.Encode(receipts))
-		err = fmt.Errorf("validating receipt root. received=%x got=%x", block.ReceiptSha, receiptSha)
+	if bytes.Compare(receiptSha, header.ReceiptHash) != 0 {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("validating receipt root. received=%x got=%x", header.ReceiptHash, receiptSha)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -225,8 +227,8 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) ProcessWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (td *big.I
 
 	state.Update(ethutil.Big0)
 
-	if !block.State().Cmp(state) {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("invalid merkle root. received=%x got=%x", block.Root(), state.Root())
+	if !bytes.Equal(header.Root, state.Root()) {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("invalid merkle root. received=%x got=%x", header.Root, state.Root())
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -238,7 +240,7 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) ProcessWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (td *big.I
 		messages := state.Manifest().Messages
 		state.Manifest().Reset()
 
-		chainlogger.Infof("Processed block #%d (%x...)\n", block.Number, block.Hash()[0:4])
+		chainlogger.Infof("Processed block #%d (%x...)\n", header.Number, block.Hash()[0:4])
 
 		sm.txpool.RemoveSet(block.Transactions())
 
@@ -250,14 +252,14 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) ProcessWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (td *big.I
 
 func (sm *BlockManager) CalculateTD(block *types.Block) (*big.Int, bool) {
 	uncleDiff := new(big.Int)
-	for _, uncle := range block.Uncles {
+	for _, uncle := range block.Uncles() {
 		uncleDiff = uncleDiff.Add(uncleDiff, uncle.Difficulty)
 	}
 
 	// TD(genesis_block) = 0 and TD(B) = TD(B.parent) + sum(u.difficulty for u in B.uncles) + B.difficulty
 	td := new(big.Int)
 	td = td.Add(sm.bc.Td(), uncleDiff)
-	td = td.Add(td, block.Difficulty)
+	td = td.Add(td, block.Header().Difficulty)
 
 	// The new TD will only be accepted if the new difficulty is
 	// is greater than the previous.
@@ -273,13 +275,13 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) CalculateTD(block *types.Block) (*big.Int, bool) {
 // Validation validates easy over difficult (dagger takes longer time = difficult)
 func (sm *BlockManager) ValidateBlock(block, parent *types.Block) error {
 	expd := CalcDifficulty(block, parent)
-	if expd.Cmp(block.Difficulty) < 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Difficulty check failed for block %v, %v", block.Difficulty, expd)
+	if expd.Cmp(block.Header().Difficulty) < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Difficulty check failed for block %v, %v", block.Header().Difficulty, expd)
 	}
 
-	diff := block.Time - parent.Time
+	diff := block.Header().Time - parent.Header().Time
 	if diff < 0 {
-		return ValidationError("Block timestamp less then prev block %v (%v - %v)", diff, block.Time, sm.bc.CurrentBlock().Time)
+		return ValidationError("Block timestamp less then prev block %v (%v - %v)", diff, block.Header().Time, sm.bc.CurrentBlock().Header().Time)
 	}
 
 	/* XXX
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) ValidateBlock(block, parent *types.Block) error {
 
 	// Verify the nonce of the block. Return an error if it's not valid
 	if !sm.Pow.Verify(block /*block.HashNoNonce(), block.Difficulty, block.Nonce*/) {
-		return ValidationError("Block's nonce is invalid (= %v)", ethutil.Bytes2Hex(block.Nonce))
+		return ValidationError("Block's nonce is invalid (= %v)", ethutil.Bytes2Hex(block.Header().Nonce))
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -300,24 +302,28 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) ValidateBlock(block, parent *types.Block) error {
 func (sm *BlockManager) AccumelateRewards(statedb *state.StateDB, block, parent *types.Block) error {
 	reward := new(big.Int).Set(BlockReward)
 
-	knownUncles := ethutil.Set(parent.Uncles)
-	nonces := ethutil.NewSet(block.Nonce)
-	for _, uncle := range block.Uncles {
+	knownUncles := set.New()
+	for _, uncle := range parent.Uncles() {
+		knownUncles.Add(uncle.Hash())
+	}
+
+	nonces := ethutil.NewSet(block.Header().Nonce)
+	for _, uncle := range block.Uncles() {
 		if nonces.Include(uncle.Nonce) {
 			// Error not unique
 			return UncleError("Uncle not unique")
 		}
 
-		uncleParent := sm.bc.GetBlock(uncle.PrevHash)
+		uncleParent := sm.bc.GetBlock(uncle.ParentHash)
 		if uncleParent == nil {
-			return UncleError(fmt.Sprintf("Uncle's parent unknown (%x)", uncle.PrevHash[0:4]))
+			return UncleError(fmt.Sprintf("Uncle's parent unknown (%x)", uncle.ParentHash[0:4]))
 		}
 
-		if uncleParent.Number.Cmp(new(big.Int).Sub(parent.Number, big.NewInt(6))) < 0 {
+		if uncleParent.Header().Number.Cmp(new(big.Int).Sub(parent.Header().Number, big.NewInt(6))) < 0 {
 			return UncleError("Uncle too old")
 		}
 
-		if knownUncles.Include(uncle.Hash()) {
+		if knownUncles.Has(uncle.Hash()) {
 			return UncleError("Uncle in chain")
 		}
 
@@ -333,15 +339,15 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) AccumelateRewards(statedb *state.StateDB, block, parent
 	}
 
 	// Get the account associated with the coinbase
-	account := statedb.GetAccount(block.Coinbase)
+	account := statedb.GetAccount(block.Header().Coinbase)
 	// Reward amount of ether to the coinbase address
 	account.AddAmount(reward)
 
 	statedb.Manifest().AddMessage(&state.Message{
-		To:     block.Coinbase,
+		To:     block.Header().Coinbase,
 		Input:  nil,
 		Origin: nil,
-		Block:  block.Hash(), Timestamp: block.Time, Coinbase: block.Coinbase, Number: block.Number,
+		Block:  block.Hash(), Timestamp: int64(block.Header().Time), Coinbase: block.Header().Coinbase, Number: block.Header().Number,
 		Value: new(big.Int).Add(reward, block.Reward),
 	})
 
@@ -349,15 +355,15 @@ func (sm *BlockManager) AccumelateRewards(statedb *state.StateDB, block, parent
 }
 
 func (sm *BlockManager) GetMessages(block *types.Block) (messages []*state.Message, err error) {
-	if !sm.bc.HasBlock(block.PrevHash) {
-		return nil, ParentError(block.PrevHash)
+	if !sm.bc.HasBlock(block.Header().ParentHash) {
+		return nil, ParentError(block.Header().ParentHash)
 	}
 
 	sm.lastAttemptedBlock = block
 
 	var (
-		parent = sm.bc.GetBlock(block.PrevHash)
-		state  = parent.State().Copy()
+		parent = sm.bc.GetBlock(block.Header().ParentHash)
+		state  = state.New(parent.Trie().Copy())
 	)
 
 	defer state.Reset()
diff --git a/core/chain_manager.go b/core/chain_manager.go
index e6268c01e..e35c4aa3a 100644
--- a/core/chain_manager.go
+++ b/core/chain_manager.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package core
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"sync"
@@ -9,11 +10,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 )
 
 var chainlogger = logger.NewLogger("CHAIN")
 
+/*
 func AddTestNetFunds(block *types.Block) {
 	for _, addr := range []string{
 		"51ba59315b3a95761d0863b05ccc7a7f54703d99",
@@ -31,20 +34,41 @@ func AddTestNetFunds(block *types.Block) {
 		block.State().UpdateStateObject(account)
 	}
 }
+*/
 
 func CalcDifficulty(block, parent *types.Block) *big.Int {
 	diff := new(big.Int)
 
-	adjust := new(big.Int).Rsh(parent.Difficulty, 10)
-	if block.Time >= parent.Time+5 {
-		diff.Sub(parent.Difficulty, adjust)
+	bh, ph := block.Header(), parent.Header()
+	adjust := new(big.Int).Rsh(ph.Difficulty, 10)
+	if bh.Time >= ph.Time+5 {
+		diff.Sub(ph.Difficulty, adjust)
 	} else {
-		diff.Add(parent.Difficulty, adjust)
+		diff.Add(ph.Difficulty, adjust)
 	}
 
 	return diff
 }
 
+func CalcGasLimit(parent, block *types.Block) *big.Int {
+	if block.Number().Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) == 0 {
+		return ethutil.BigPow(10, 6)
+	}
+
+	// ((1024-1) * parent.gasLimit + (gasUsed * 6 / 5)) / 1024
+
+	previous := new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(1024-1), parent.GasLimit())
+	current := new(big.Rat).Mul(new(big.Rat).SetInt(parent.GasUsed()), big.NewRat(6, 5))
+	curInt := new(big.Int).Div(current.Num(), current.Denom())
+
+	result := new(big.Int).Add(previous, curInt)
+	result.Div(result, big.NewInt(1024))
+
+	min := big.NewInt(125000)
+
+	return ethutil.BigMax(min, result)
+}
+
 type ChainManager struct {
 	//eth          EthManager
 	processor    types.BlockProcessor
@@ -90,7 +114,7 @@ func (self *ChainManager) CurrentBlock() *types.Block {
 
 func NewChainManager(mux *event.TypeMux) *ChainManager {
 	bc := &ChainManager{}
-	bc.genesisBlock = types.NewBlockFromBytes(ethutil.Encode(Genesis))
+	bc.genesisBlock = GenesisBlock()
 	bc.eventMux = mux
 
 	bc.setLastBlock()
@@ -112,7 +136,7 @@ func (self *ChainManager) SetProcessor(proc types.BlockProcessor) {
 }
 
 func (self *ChainManager) State() *state.StateDB {
-	return self.CurrentBlock().State()
+	return state.New(self.CurrentBlock().Trie())
 }
 
 func (self *ChainManager) TransState() *state.StateDB {
@@ -122,13 +146,11 @@ func (self *ChainManager) TransState() *state.StateDB {
 func (bc *ChainManager) setLastBlock() {
 	data, _ := ethutil.Config.Db.Get([]byte("LastBlock"))
 	if len(data) != 0 {
-		// Prep genesis
-		AddTestNetFunds(bc.genesisBlock)
-
-		block := types.NewBlockFromBytes(data)
-		bc.currentBlock = block
+		var block types.Block
+		rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data), &block)
+		bc.currentBlock = &block
 		bc.lastBlockHash = block.Hash()
-		bc.lastBlockNumber = block.Number.Uint64()
+		bc.lastBlockNumber = block.Header().Number.Uint64()
 
 		// Set the last know difficulty (might be 0x0 as initial value, Genesis)
 		bc.td = ethutil.BigD(ethutil.Config.Db.LastKnownTD())
@@ -144,27 +166,28 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) NewBlock(coinbase []byte) *types.Block {
 	bc.mu.RLock()
 	defer bc.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	var root interface{}
-	hash := ZeroHash256
+	var root []byte
+	parentHash := ZeroHash256
 
 	if bc.CurrentBlock != nil {
-		root = bc.currentBlock.Root()
-		hash = bc.lastBlockHash
+		root = bc.currentBlock.Header().Root
+		parentHash = bc.lastBlockHash
 	}
 
-	block := types.CreateBlock(
-		root,
-		hash,
+	block := types.NewBlock(
+		parentHash,
 		coinbase,
+		root,
 		ethutil.BigPow(2, 32),
 		nil,
 		"")
 
 	parent := bc.currentBlock
 	if parent != nil {
-		block.Difficulty = CalcDifficulty(block, parent)
-		block.Number = new(big.Int).Add(bc.currentBlock.Number, ethutil.Big1)
-		block.GasLimit = block.CalcGasLimit(bc.currentBlock)
+		header := block.Header()
+		header.Difficulty = CalcDifficulty(block, parent)
+		header.Number = new(big.Int).Add(parent.Header().Number, ethutil.Big1)
+		header.GasLimit = CalcGasLimit(parent, block)
 
 	}
 
@@ -175,9 +198,6 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) Reset() {
 	bc.mu.Lock()
 	defer bc.mu.Unlock()
 
-	AddTestNetFunds(bc.genesisBlock)
-
-	bc.genesisBlock.Trie().Sync()
 	// Prepare the genesis block
 	bc.write(bc.genesisBlock)
 	bc.insert(bc.genesisBlock)
@@ -193,18 +213,20 @@ func (self *ChainManager) Export() []byte {
 	self.mu.RLock()
 	defer self.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	chainlogger.Infof("exporting %v blocks...\n", self.currentBlock.Number)
+	chainlogger.Infof("exporting %v blocks...\n", self.currentBlock.Header().Number)
 
-	blocks := make([]*types.Block, int(self.currentBlock.Number.Int64())+1)
-	for block := self.currentBlock; block != nil; block = self.GetBlock(block.PrevHash) {
-		blocks[block.Number.Int64()] = block
+	blocks := make([]*types.Block, int(self.currentBlock.NumberU64())+1)
+	for block := self.currentBlock; block != nil; block = self.GetBlock(block.Header().ParentHash) {
+		blocks[block.NumberU64()] = block
 	}
+	//fmt.Println(blocks)
 
+	return nil
 	return ethutil.Encode(blocks)
 }
 
 func (bc *ChainManager) insert(block *types.Block) {
-	encodedBlock := block.RlpEncode()
+	encodedBlock := ethutil.Encode(block)
 	ethutil.Config.Db.Put([]byte("LastBlock"), encodedBlock)
 	bc.currentBlock = block
 	bc.lastBlockHash = block.Hash()
@@ -213,7 +235,7 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) insert(block *types.Block) {
 func (bc *ChainManager) write(block *types.Block) {
 	bc.writeBlockInfo(block)
 
-	encodedBlock := block.RlpEncode()
+	encodedBlock := ethutil.Encode(block)
 	ethutil.Config.Db.Put(block.Hash(), encodedBlock)
 }
 
@@ -238,11 +260,11 @@ func (self *ChainManager) GetBlockHashesFromHash(hash []byte, max uint64) (chain
 	for i := uint64(0); i < max; i++ {
 		chain = append(chain, block.Hash())
 
-		if block.Number.Cmp(ethutil.Big0) <= 0 {
+		if block.Header().Number.Cmp(ethutil.Big0) <= 0 {
 			break
 		}
 
-		block = self.GetBlock(block.PrevHash)
+		block = self.GetBlock(block.Header().ParentHash)
 	}
 
 	return
@@ -253,8 +275,13 @@ func (self *ChainManager) GetBlock(hash []byte) *types.Block {
 	if len(data) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
+	var block types.Block
+	if err := rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data), &block); err != nil {
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		return nil
+	}
 
-	return types.NewBlockFromBytes(data)
+	return &block
 }
 
 func (self *ChainManager) GetBlockByNumber(num uint64) *types.Block {
@@ -262,13 +289,13 @@ func (self *ChainManager) GetBlockByNumber(num uint64) *types.Block {
 	defer self.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	block := self.currentBlock
-	for ; block != nil; block = self.GetBlock(block.PrevHash) {
-		if block.Number.Uint64() == num {
+	for ; block != nil; block = self.GetBlock(block.Header().ParentHash) {
+		if block.Header().Number.Uint64() == num {
 			break
 		}
 	}
 
-	if block != nil && block.Number.Uint64() == 0 && num != 0 {
+	if block != nil && block.Header().Number.Uint64() == 0 && num != 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -281,40 +308,28 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) setTotalDifficulty(td *big.Int) {
 }
 
 func (self *ChainManager) CalcTotalDiff(block *types.Block) (*big.Int, error) {
-	parent := self.GetBlock(block.PrevHash)
+	parent := self.GetBlock(block.Header().ParentHash)
 	if parent == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unable to calculate total diff without known parent %x", block.PrevHash)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unable to calculate total diff without known parent %x", block.Header().ParentHash)
 	}
 
-	parentTd := parent.BlockInfo().TD
+	parentTd := parent.Td
 
 	uncleDiff := new(big.Int)
-	for _, uncle := range block.Uncles {
+	for _, uncle := range block.Uncles() {
 		uncleDiff = uncleDiff.Add(uncleDiff, uncle.Difficulty)
 	}
 
 	td := new(big.Int)
 	td = td.Add(parentTd, uncleDiff)
-	td = td.Add(td, block.Difficulty)
+	td = td.Add(td, block.Header().Difficulty)
 
 	return td, nil
 }
 
-func (bc *ChainManager) BlockInfo(block *types.Block) types.BlockInfo {
-	bi := types.BlockInfo{}
-	data, _ := ethutil.Config.Db.Get(append(block.Hash(), []byte("Info")...))
-	bi.RlpDecode(data)
-
-	return bi
-}
-
 // Unexported method for writing extra non-essential block info to the db
 func (bc *ChainManager) writeBlockInfo(block *types.Block) {
 	bc.lastBlockNumber++
-	bi := types.BlockInfo{Number: bc.lastBlockNumber, Hash: block.Hash(), Parent: block.PrevHash, TD: bc.td}
-
-	// For now we use the block hash with the words "info" appended as key
-	ethutil.Config.Db.Put(append(block.Hash(), []byte("Info")...), bi.RlpEncode())
 }
 
 func (bc *ChainManager) Stop() {
@@ -331,7 +346,8 @@ func (self *ChainManager) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) error {
 				continue
 			}
 
-			chainlogger.Infof("block #%v process failed (%x)\n", block.Number, block.Hash()[:4])
+			h := block.Header()
+			chainlogger.Infof("block #%v process failed (%x)\n", h.Number, h.Hash()[:4])
 			chainlogger.Infoln(block)
 			chainlogger.Infoln(err)
 			return err
@@ -339,16 +355,16 @@ func (self *ChainManager) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) error {
 
 		self.mu.Lock()
 		{
-
 			self.write(block)
+			cblock := self.currentBlock
 			if td.Cmp(self.td) > 0 {
-				if block.Number.Cmp(new(big.Int).Add(self.currentBlock.Number, ethutil.Big1)) < 0 {
-					chainlogger.Infof("Split detected. New head #%v (%x), was #%v (%x)\n", block.Number, block.Hash()[:4], self.currentBlock.Number, self.currentBlock.Hash()[:4])
+				if block.Header().Number.Cmp(new(big.Int).Add(cblock.Header().Number, ethutil.Big1)) < 0 {
+					chainlogger.Infof("Split detected. New head #%v (%x), was #%v (%x)\n", block.Header().Number, block.Hash()[:4], cblock.Header().Number, cblock.Hash()[:4])
 				}
 
 				self.setTotalDifficulty(td)
 				self.insert(block)
-				self.transState = self.currentBlock.State().Copy()
+				self.transState = state.New(cblock.Trie().Copy())
 			}
 
 		}
diff --git a/core/filter.go b/core/filter.go
index fb992782d..7c34748df 100644
--- a/core/filter.go
+++ b/core/filter.go
@@ -76,13 +76,14 @@ func (self *Filter) SetSkip(skip int) {
 
 // Run filters messages with the current parameters set
 func (self *Filter) Find() []*state.Message {
+	earliestBlock := self.eth.ChainManager().CurrentBlock()
 	var earliestBlockNo uint64 = uint64(self.earliest)
 	if self.earliest == -1 {
-		earliestBlockNo = self.eth.ChainManager().CurrentBlock().Number.Uint64()
+		earliestBlockNo = earliestBlock.NumberU64()
 	}
 	var latestBlockNo uint64 = uint64(self.latest)
 	if self.latest == -1 {
-		latestBlockNo = self.eth.ChainManager().CurrentBlock().Number.Uint64()
+		latestBlockNo = earliestBlock.NumberU64()
 	}
 
 	var (
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ func (self *Filter) Find() []*state.Message {
 	for i := 0; !quit && block != nil; i++ {
 		// Quit on latest
 		switch {
-		case block.Number.Uint64() == earliestBlockNo, block.Number.Uint64() == 0:
+		case block.NumberU64() == earliestBlockNo, block.NumberU64() == 0:
 			quit = true
 		case self.max <= len(messages):
 			break
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ func (self *Filter) Find() []*state.Message {
 			messages = append(messages, self.FilterMessages(msgs)...)
 		}
 
-		block = self.eth.ChainManager().GetBlock(block.PrevHash)
+		block = self.eth.ChainManager().GetBlock(block.ParentHash())
 	}
 
 	skip := int(math.Min(float64(len(messages)), float64(self.skip)))
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ func (self *Filter) bloomFilter(block *types.Block) bool {
 	var fromIncluded, toIncluded bool
 	if len(self.from) > 0 {
 		for _, from := range self.from {
-			if types.BloomLookup(block.LogsBloom, from) || bytes.Equal(block.Coinbase, from) {
+			if types.BloomLookup(block.Bloom(), from) || bytes.Equal(block.Coinbase(), from) {
 				fromIncluded = true
 				break
 			}
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ func (self *Filter) bloomFilter(block *types.Block) bool {
 
 	if len(self.to) > 0 {
 		for _, to := range self.to {
-			if types.BloomLookup(block.LogsBloom, ethutil.U256(new(big.Int).Add(ethutil.Big1, ethutil.BigD(to))).Bytes()) || bytes.Equal(block.Coinbase, to) {
+			if types.BloomLookup(block.Bloom(), ethutil.U256(new(big.Int).Add(ethutil.Big1, ethutil.BigD(to))).Bytes()) || bytes.Equal(block.Coinbase(), to) {
 				toIncluded = true
 				break
 			}
diff --git a/core/genesis.go b/core/genesis.go
index 707154759..51afa314e 100644
--- a/core/genesis.go
+++ b/core/genesis.go
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ package core
 import (
 	"math/big"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 )
 
 /*
@@ -17,36 +19,35 @@ var ZeroHash512 = make([]byte, 64)
 var EmptyShaList = crypto.Sha3(ethutil.Encode([]interface{}{}))
 var EmptyListRoot = crypto.Sha3(ethutil.Encode(""))
 
-var GenesisHeader = []interface{}{
-	// Previous hash (none)
-	ZeroHash256,
-	// Empty uncles
-	EmptyShaList,
-	// Coinbase
-	ZeroHash160,
-	// Root state
-	EmptyShaList,
-	// tx root
-	EmptyListRoot,
-	// receipt root
-	EmptyListRoot,
-	// bloom
-	ZeroHash512,
-	// Difficulty
-	//ethutil.BigPow(2, 22),
-	big.NewInt(131072),
-	// Number
-	ethutil.Big0,
-	// Block upper gas bound
-	big.NewInt(1000000),
-	// Block gas used
-	ethutil.Big0,
-	// Time
-	ethutil.Big0,
-	// Extra
-	nil,
-	// Nonce
-	crypto.Sha3(big.NewInt(42).Bytes()),
-}
+func GenesisBlock() *types.Block {
+	genesis := types.NewBlock(ZeroHash256, ZeroHash160, EmptyListRoot, big.NewInt(131072), crypto.Sha3(big.NewInt(42).Bytes()), "")
+	genesis.Header().Number = ethutil.Big0
+	genesis.Header().GasLimit = big.NewInt(1000000)
+	genesis.Header().GasUsed = ethutil.Big0
+	genesis.Header().Time = 0
+
+	genesis.SetUncles([]*types.Header{})
+	genesis.SetTransactions(types.Transactions{})
+	genesis.SetReceipts(types.Receipts{})
 
-var Genesis = []interface{}{GenesisHeader, []interface{}{}, []interface{}{}}
+	statedb := state.New(genesis.Trie())
+	for _, addr := range []string{
+		"51ba59315b3a95761d0863b05ccc7a7f54703d99",
+		"e4157b34ea9615cfbde6b4fda419828124b70c78",
+		"b9c015918bdaba24b4ff057a92a3873d6eb201be",
+		"6c386a4b26f73c802f34673f7248bb118f97424a",
+		"cd2a3d9f938e13cd947ec05abc7fe734df8dd826",
+		"2ef47100e0787b915105fd5e3f4ff6752079d5cb",
+		"e6716f9544a56c530d868e4bfbacb172315bdead",
+		"1a26338f0d905e295fccb71fa9ea849ffa12aaf4",
+	} {
+		codedAddr := ethutil.Hex2Bytes(addr)
+		account := statedb.GetAccount(codedAddr)
+		account.SetBalance(ethutil.Big("1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376")) //ethutil.BigPow(2, 200)
+		statedb.UpdateStateObject(account)
+	}
+	statedb.Sync()
+	genesis.Header().Root = statedb.Root()
+
+	return genesis
+}
diff --git a/core/types/block.go b/core/types/block.go
index 2d889f35f..b0fcbdd9b 100644
--- a/core/types/block.go
+++ b/core/types/block.go
@@ -9,408 +9,252 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 )
 
-type BlockInfo struct {
-	Number uint64
-	Hash   []byte
-	Parent []byte
-	TD     *big.Int
-}
-
-func (bi *BlockInfo) RlpDecode(data []byte) {
-	decoder := ethutil.NewValueFromBytes(data)
-
-	bi.Number = decoder.Get(0).Uint()
-	bi.Hash = decoder.Get(1).Bytes()
-	bi.Parent = decoder.Get(2).Bytes()
-	bi.TD = decoder.Get(3).BigInt()
-}
-
-func (bi *BlockInfo) RlpEncode() []byte {
-	return ethutil.Encode([]interface{}{bi.Number, bi.Hash, bi.Parent, bi.TD})
-}
-
-type Blocks []*Block
-
-func (self Blocks) AsSet() ethutil.UniqueSet {
-	set := make(ethutil.UniqueSet)
-	for _, block := range self {
-		set.Insert(block.Hash())
-	}
-
-	return set
-}
-
-type BlockBy func(b1, b2 *Block) bool
-
-func (self BlockBy) Sort(blocks Blocks) {
-	bs := blockSorter{
-		blocks: blocks,
-		by:     self,
-	}
-	sort.Sort(bs)
-}
-
-type blockSorter struct {
-	blocks Blocks
-	by     func(b1, b2 *Block) bool
-}
-
-func (self blockSorter) Len() int { return len(self.blocks) }
-func (self blockSorter) Swap(i, j int) {
-	self.blocks[i], self.blocks[j] = self.blocks[j], self.blocks[i]
-}
-func (self blockSorter) Less(i, j int) bool { return self.by(self.blocks[i], self.blocks[j]) }
-
-func Number(b1, b2 *Block) bool { return b1.Number.Cmp(b2.Number) < 0 }
-
-type Block struct {
+type Header struct {
 	// Hash to the previous block
-	PrevHash ethutil.Bytes
+	ParentHash ethutil.Bytes
 	// Uncles of this block
-	Uncles   Blocks
-	UncleSha []byte
+	UncleHash []byte
 	// The coin base address
 	Coinbase []byte
 	// Block Trie state
-	//state *ethutil.Trie
-	state *state.StateDB
+	Root []byte
+	// Tx sha
+	TxHash []byte
+	// Receipt sha
+	ReceiptHash []byte
+	// Bloom
+	Bloom []byte
 	// Difficulty for the current block
 	Difficulty *big.Int
-	// Creation time
-	Time int64
 	// The block number
 	Number *big.Int
 	// Gas limit
 	GasLimit *big.Int
 	// Gas used
 	GasUsed *big.Int
+	// Creation time
+	Time uint64
 	// Extra data
 	Extra string
 	// Block Nonce for verification
 	Nonce ethutil.Bytes
-	// List of transactions and/or contracts
-	transactions      Transactions
-	receipts          Receipts
-	TxSha, ReceiptSha []byte
-	LogsBloom         []byte
-
-	Reward *big.Int
 }
 
-func NewBlockFromBytes(raw []byte) *Block {
-	block := &Block{}
-	block.RlpDecode(raw)
+func (self *Header) rlpData(withNonce bool) []interface{} {
+	fields := []interface{}{self.ParentHash, self.UncleHash, self.Coinbase, self.Root, self.TxHash, self.ReceiptHash, self.Bloom, self.Difficulty, self.Number, self.GasLimit, self.GasUsed, self.Time, self.Extra}
+	if withNonce {
+		fields = append(fields, self.Nonce)
+	}
 
-	return block
+	return fields
+}
+
+func (self *Header) RlpData() interface{} {
+	return self.rlpData(true)
 }
 
-// New block takes a raw encoded string
-func NewBlockFromRlpValue(rlpValue *ethutil.Value) *Block {
-	block := &Block{}
-	block.RlpValueDecode(rlpValue)
+func (self *Header) Hash() []byte {
+	return crypto.Sha3(ethutil.Encode(self.rlpData(true)))
+}
 
-	return block
+func (self *Header) HashNoNonce() []byte {
+	return crypto.Sha3(ethutil.Encode(self.rlpData(false)))
 }
 
-func CreateBlock(root interface{},
-	prevHash []byte,
-	base []byte,
-	Difficulty *big.Int,
-	Nonce []byte,
-	extra string) *Block {
-
-	block := &Block{
-		PrevHash:   prevHash,
-		Coinbase:   base,
-		Difficulty: Difficulty,
-		Nonce:      Nonce,
-		Time:       time.Now().Unix(),
+type Block struct {
+	header       *Header
+	uncles       []*Header
+	transactions Transactions
+	Td           *big.Int
+
+	receipts Receipts
+	Reward   *big.Int
+}
+
+func NewBlock(parentHash []byte, coinbase []byte, root []byte, difficulty *big.Int, nonce []byte, extra string) *Block {
+	header := &Header{
+		Root:       root,
+		ParentHash: parentHash,
+		Coinbase:   coinbase,
+		Difficulty: difficulty,
+		Nonce:      nonce,
+		Time:       uint64(time.Now().Unix()),
 		Extra:      extra,
-		UncleSha:   nil,
 		GasUsed:    new(big.Int),
 		GasLimit:   new(big.Int),
 	}
-	block.SetUncles([]*Block{})
 
-	block.state = state.New(trie.New(ethutil.Config.Db, root))
+	block := &Block{header: header, Reward: new(big.Int)}
 
 	return block
 }
 
-// Returns a hash of the block
-func (block *Block) Hash() ethutil.Bytes {
-	return crypto.Sha3(ethutil.NewValue(block.header()).Encode())
-	//return crypto.Sha3(block.Value().Encode())
-}
-
-func (block *Block) HashNoNonce() []byte {
-	return crypto.Sha3(ethutil.Encode(block.miningHeader()))
-}
-
-func (block *Block) State() *state.StateDB {
-	return block.state
-}
-
-func (block *Block) Transactions() Transactions {
-	return block.transactions
+func NewBlockWithHeader(header *Header) *Block {
+	return &Block{header: header}
 }
 
-func (block *Block) CalcGasLimit(parent *Block) *big.Int {
-	if block.Number.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) == 0 {
-		return ethutil.BigPow(10, 6)
+func (self *Block) DecodeRLP(s *rlp.Stream) error {
+	if _, err := s.List(); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	// ((1024-1) * parent.gasLimit + (gasUsed * 6 / 5)) / 1024
-
-	previous := new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(1024-1), parent.GasLimit)
-	current := new(big.Rat).Mul(new(big.Rat).SetInt(parent.GasUsed), big.NewRat(6, 5))
-	curInt := new(big.Int).Div(current.Num(), current.Denom())
-
-	result := new(big.Int).Add(previous, curInt)
-	result.Div(result, big.NewInt(1024))
-
-	min := big.NewInt(125000)
-
-	return ethutil.BigMax(min, result)
-}
-
-func (block *Block) BlockInfo() BlockInfo {
-	bi := BlockInfo{}
-	data, _ := ethutil.Config.Db.Get(append(block.Hash(), []byte("Info")...))
-	bi.RlpDecode(data)
-
-	return bi
-}
-
-func (self *Block) GetTransaction(hash []byte) *Transaction {
-	for _, tx := range self.transactions {
-		if bytes.Compare(tx.Hash(), hash) == 0 {
-			return tx
-		}
+	var header Header
+	if err := s.Decode(&header); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Sync the block's state and contract respectively
-func (block *Block) Sync() {
-	block.state.Sync()
-}
-
-func (block *Block) Undo() {
-	// Sync the block state itself
-	block.state.Reset()
-}
-
-/////// Block Encoding
-func (block *Block) rlpReceipts() interface{} {
-	// Marshal the transactions of this block
-	encR := make([]interface{}, len(block.receipts))
-	for i, r := range block.receipts {
-		// Cast it to a string (safe)
-		encR[i] = r.RlpData()
+	var transactions []*Transaction
+	if err := s.Decode(&transactions); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	return encR
-}
+	var uncleHeaders []*Header
+	if err := s.Decode(&uncleHeaders); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
-func (block *Block) rlpUncles() interface{} {
-	// Marshal the transactions of this block
-	uncles := make([]interface{}, len(block.Uncles))
-	for i, uncle := range block.Uncles {
-		// Cast it to a string (safe)
-		uncles[i] = uncle.header()
+	var tdBytes []byte
+	if err := s.Decode(&tdBytes); err != nil {
+		// If this block comes from the network that's fine. If loaded from disk it should be there
+		// Blocks don't store their Td when propagated over the network
+	} else {
+		self.Td = ethutil.BigD(tdBytes)
 	}
 
-	return uncles
-}
+	if err := s.ListEnd(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
-func (block *Block) SetUncles(uncles []*Block) {
-	block.Uncles = uncles
-	block.UncleSha = crypto.Sha3(ethutil.Encode(block.rlpUncles()))
-}
+	self.header = &header
+	self.uncles = uncleHeaders
+	self.transactions = transactions
 
-func (self *Block) SetReceipts(receipts Receipts) {
-	self.receipts = receipts
-	self.ReceiptSha = DeriveSha(receipts)
-	self.LogsBloom = CreateBloom(receipts)
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (self *Block) SetTransactions(txs Transactions) {
-	self.transactions = txs
-	self.TxSha = DeriveSha(txs)
+func (self *Block) Header() *Header {
+	return self.header
 }
 
-func (block *Block) Value() *ethutil.Value {
-	return ethutil.NewValue([]interface{}{block.header(), block.transactions, block.rlpUncles()})
+func (self *Block) Uncles() []*Header {
+	return self.uncles
 }
 
-func (block *Block) RlpEncode() []byte {
-	// Encode a slice interface which contains the header and the list of
-	// transactions.
-	return block.Value().Encode()
+func (self *Block) SetUncles(uncleHeaders []*Header) {
+	self.uncles = uncleHeaders
+	self.header.UncleHash = crypto.Sha3(ethutil.Encode(uncleHeaders))
 }
 
-func (block *Block) RlpDecode(data []byte) {
-	rlpValue := ethutil.NewValueFromBytes(data)
-	block.RlpValueDecode(rlpValue)
+func (self *Block) Transactions() Transactions {
+	return self.transactions
 }
 
-func (block *Block) RlpValueDecode(decoder *ethutil.Value) {
-	block.setHeader(decoder.Get(0))
-
-	// Tx list might be empty if this is an uncle. Uncles only have their
-	// header set.
-	if decoder.Get(1).IsNil() == false { // Yes explicitness
-		//receipts := decoder.Get(1)
-		//block.receipts = make([]*Receipt, receipts.Len())
-		txs := decoder.Get(1)
-		block.transactions = make(Transactions, txs.Len())
-		for i := 0; i < txs.Len(); i++ {
-			block.transactions[i] = NewTransactionFromValue(txs.Get(i))
-			//receipt := NewRecieptFromValue(receipts.Get(i))
-			//block.transactions[i] = receipt.Tx
-			//block.receipts[i] = receipt
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	if decoder.Get(2).IsNil() == false { // Yes explicitness
-		uncles := decoder.Get(2)
-		block.Uncles = make([]*Block, uncles.Len())
-		for i := 0; i < uncles.Len(); i++ {
-			block.Uncles[i] = NewUncleBlockFromValue(uncles.Get(i))
+func (self *Block) Transaction(hash []byte) *Transaction {
+	for _, transaction := range self.transactions {
+		if bytes.Equal(hash, transaction.Hash()) {
+			return transaction
 		}
 	}
-
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (self *Block) setHeader(header *ethutil.Value) {
-	self.PrevHash = header.Get(0).Bytes()
-	self.UncleSha = header.Get(1).Bytes()
-	self.Coinbase = header.Get(2).Bytes()
-	self.state = state.New(trie.New(ethutil.Config.Db, header.Get(3).Val))
-	self.TxSha = header.Get(4).Bytes()
-	self.ReceiptSha = header.Get(5).Bytes()
-	self.LogsBloom = header.Get(6).Bytes()
-	self.Difficulty = header.Get(7).BigInt()
-	self.Number = header.Get(8).BigInt()
-	self.GasLimit = header.Get(9).BigInt()
-	self.GasUsed = header.Get(10).BigInt()
-	self.Time = int64(header.Get(11).BigInt().Uint64())
-	self.Extra = header.Get(12).Str()
-	self.Nonce = header.Get(13).Bytes()
+func (self *Block) SetTransactions(transactions Transactions) {
+	self.transactions = transactions
+	self.header.TxHash = DeriveSha(transactions)
 }
 
-func NewUncleBlockFromValue(header *ethutil.Value) *Block {
-	block := &Block{}
-	block.setHeader(header)
-
-	return block
+func (self *Block) Receipts() Receipts {
+	return self.receipts
 }
 
-func (block *Block) Trie() *trie.Trie {
-	return block.state.Trie
+func (self *Block) SetReceipts(receipts Receipts) {
+	self.receipts = receipts
+	self.header.ReceiptHash = DeriveSha(receipts)
+	self.header.Bloom = CreateBloom(receipts)
 }
 
-func (block *Block) Root() interface{} {
-	return block.state.Root()
+func (self *Block) RlpData() interface{} {
+	return []interface{}{self.header, self.transactions, self.uncles}
+}
+
+func (self *Block) RlpDataForStorage() interface{} {
+	return []interface{}{self.header, self.transactions, self.uncles, self.Td /* TODO receipts */}
+}
+
+// Header accessors (add as you need them)
+func (self *Block) Number() *big.Int          { return self.header.Number }
+func (self *Block) NumberU64() uint64         { return self.header.Number.Uint64() }
+func (self *Block) ParentHash() []byte        { return self.header.ParentHash }
+func (self *Block) Bloom() []byte             { return self.header.Bloom }
+func (self *Block) Coinbase() []byte          { return self.header.Coinbase }
+func (self *Block) Time() int64               { return int64(self.header.Time) }
+func (self *Block) GasLimit() *big.Int        { return self.header.GasLimit }
+func (self *Block) GasUsed() *big.Int         { return self.header.GasUsed }
+func (self *Block) Hash() []byte              { return self.header.Hash() }
+func (self *Block) Trie() *trie.Trie          { return trie.New(ethutil.Config.Db, self.header.Root) }
+func (self *Block) State() *state.StateDB     { return state.New(self.Trie()) }
+func (self *Block) Size() ethutil.StorageSize { return ethutil.StorageSize(len(ethutil.Encode(self))) }
+
+// Implement block.Pow
+func (self *Block) Difficulty() *big.Int { return self.header.Difficulty }
+func (self *Block) N() []byte            { return self.header.Nonce }
+func (self *Block) HashNoNonce() []byte {
+	return crypto.Sha3(ethutil.Encode(self.header.rlpData(false)))
+}
+
+func (self *Block) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`BLOCK(%x): Size: %v {
+%v
+%v
+%v
+}
+`, self.header.Hash(), self.Size(), self.header, self.uncles, self.transactions)
+}
+
+func (self *Header) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`ParentHash:	    %x
+UncleHash:	    %x
+Coinbase:	    %x
+Root:		    %x
+TxSha		    %x
+ReceiptSha:	    %x
+Bloom:		    %x
+Difficulty:	    %v
+Number:		    %v
+GasLimit:	    %v
+GasUsed:	    %v
+Time:		    %v
+Extra:		    %v
+Nonce:		    %x
+`, self.ParentHash, self.UncleHash, self.Coinbase, self.Root, self.TxHash, self.ReceiptHash, self.Bloom, self.Difficulty, self.Number, self.GasLimit, self.GasUsed, self.Time, self.Extra, self.Nonce)
 }
 
-func (block *Block) Diff() *big.Int {
-	return block.Difficulty
-}
+type Blocks []*Block
 
-func (self *Block) Receipts() []*Receipt {
-	return self.receipts
-}
+type BlockBy func(b1, b2 *Block) bool
 
-func (block *Block) miningHeader() []interface{} {
-	return []interface{}{
-		// Sha of the previous block
-		block.PrevHash,
-		// Sha of uncles
-		block.UncleSha,
-		// Coinbase address
-		block.Coinbase,
-		// root state
-		block.Root(),
-		// tx root
-		block.TxSha,
-		// Sha of tx
-		block.ReceiptSha,
-		// Bloom
-		block.LogsBloom,
-		// Current block Difficulty
-		block.Difficulty,
-		// The block number
-		block.Number,
-		// Block upper gas bound
-		block.GasLimit,
-		// Block gas used
-		block.GasUsed,
-		// Time the block was found?
-		block.Time,
-		// Extra data
-		block.Extra,
+func (self BlockBy) Sort(blocks Blocks) {
+	bs := blockSorter{
+		blocks: blocks,
+		by:     self,
 	}
+	sort.Sort(bs)
 }
 
-func (block *Block) header() []interface{} {
-	return append(block.miningHeader(), block.Nonce)
-}
-
-func (block *Block) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(`
-	BLOCK(%x): Size: %v
-	PrevHash:   %x
-	UncleSha:   %x
-	Coinbase:   %x
-	Root:       %x
-	TxSha       %x
-	ReceiptSha: %x
-	Bloom:      %x
-	Difficulty: %v
-	Number:     %v
-	MaxLimit:   %v
-	GasUsed:    %v
-	Time:       %v
-	Extra:      %v
-	Nonce:      %x
-	NumTx:      %v
-`,
-		block.Hash(),
-		block.Size(),
-		block.PrevHash,
-		block.UncleSha,
-		block.Coinbase,
-		block.Root(),
-		block.TxSha,
-		block.ReceiptSha,
-		block.LogsBloom,
-		block.Difficulty,
-		block.Number,
-		block.GasLimit,
-		block.GasUsed,
-		block.Time,
-		block.Extra,
-		block.Nonce,
-		len(block.transactions),
-	)
-}
-
-func (self *Block) Size() ethutil.StorageSize {
-	return ethutil.StorageSize(len(self.RlpEncode()))
+type blockSorter struct {
+	blocks Blocks
+	by     func(b1, b2 *Block) bool
 }
 
-// Implement RlpEncodable
-func (self *Block) RlpData() interface{} {
-	return []interface{}{self.header(), self.transactions, self.rlpUncles()}
+func (self blockSorter) Len() int { return len(self.blocks) }
+func (self blockSorter) Swap(i, j int) {
+	self.blocks[i], self.blocks[j] = self.blocks[j], self.blocks[i]
 }
+func (self blockSorter) Less(i, j int) bool { return self.by(self.blocks[i], self.blocks[j]) }
 
-// Implement pow.Block
-func (self *Block) N() []byte { return self.Nonce }
+func Number(b1, b2 *Block) bool { return b1.Header().Number.Cmp(b2.Header().Number) < 0 }
diff --git a/core/types/block_test.go b/core/types/block_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c85708975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/types/block_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	ethutil.ReadConfig(".ethtest", "/tmp/ethtest", "")
+	ethutil.Config.Db, _ = ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+}
+
+func TestNewBlock(t *testing.T) {
+	block := GenesisBlock()
+	data := ethutil.Encode(block)
+
+	var genesis Block
+	err := rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data), &genesis)
+}
diff --git a/core/types/transaction.go b/core/types/transaction.go
index 3a87f7844..c2f7df7a7 100644
--- a/core/types/transaction.go
+++ b/core/types/transaction.go
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 package types
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/obscuren/secp256k1-go"
 )
 
@@ -14,22 +16,22 @@ func IsContractAddr(addr []byte) bool {
 }
 
 type Transaction struct {
-	nonce     uint64
-	recipient []byte
-	value     *big.Int
-	gas       *big.Int
-	gasPrice  *big.Int
-	data      []byte
-	v         byte
-	r, s      []byte
+	AccountNonce uint64
+	Recipient    []byte
+	Amount       *big.Int
+	GasAmount    *big.Int
+	Price        *big.Int
+	Payload      []byte
+	V            uint64
+	R, S         []byte
 }
 
-func NewContractCreationTx(value, gas, gasPrice *big.Int, script []byte) *Transaction {
-	return &Transaction{recipient: nil, value: value, gas: gas, gasPrice: gasPrice, data: script}
+func NewContractCreationTx(Amount, gasAmount, price *big.Int, data []byte) *Transaction {
+	return NewTransactionMessage(nil, Amount, gasAmount, price, data)
 }
 
-func NewTransactionMessage(to []byte, value, gas, gasPrice *big.Int, data []byte) *Transaction {
-	return &Transaction{recipient: to, value: value, gasPrice: gasPrice, gas: gas, data: data}
+func NewTransactionMessage(to []byte, Amount, gasAmount, price *big.Int, data []byte) *Transaction {
+	return &Transaction{Recipient: to, Amount: Amount, Price: price, GasAmount: gasAmount, Payload: data}
 }
 
 func NewTransactionFromBytes(data []byte) *Transaction {
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ func NewTransactionFromBytes(data []byte) *Transaction {
 	return tx
 }
 
-func NewTransactionFromValue(val *ethutil.Value) *Transaction {
+func NewTransactionFromAmount(val *ethutil.Value) *Transaction {
 	tx := &Transaction{}
 	tx.RlpValueDecode(val)
 
@@ -47,33 +49,33 @@ func NewTransactionFromValue(val *ethutil.Value) *Transaction {
 }
 
 func (tx *Transaction) Hash() []byte {
-	data := []interface{}{tx.nonce, tx.gasPrice, tx.gas, tx.recipient, tx.value, tx.data}
+	data := []interface{}{tx.AccountNonce, tx.Price, tx.GasAmount, tx.Recipient, tx.Amount, tx.Payload}
 
-	return crypto.Sha3(ethutil.NewValue(data).Encode())
+	return crypto.Sha3(ethutil.Encode(data))
 }
 
 func (self *Transaction) Data() []byte {
-	return self.data
+	return self.Payload
 }
 
 func (self *Transaction) Gas() *big.Int {
-	return self.gas
+	return self.GasAmount
 }
 
 func (self *Transaction) GasPrice() *big.Int {
-	return self.gasPrice
+	return self.Price
 }
 
 func (self *Transaction) Value() *big.Int {
-	return self.value
+	return self.Amount
 }
 
 func (self *Transaction) Nonce() uint64 {
-	return self.nonce
+	return self.AccountNonce
 }
 
-func (self *Transaction) SetNonce(nonce uint64) {
-	self.nonce = nonce
+func (self *Transaction) SetNonce(AccountNonce uint64) {
+	self.AccountNonce = AccountNonce
 }
 
 func (self *Transaction) From() []byte {
@@ -81,13 +83,13 @@ func (self *Transaction) From() []byte {
 }
 
 func (self *Transaction) To() []byte {
-	return self.recipient
+	return self.Recipient
 }
 
 func (tx *Transaction) Curve() (v byte, r []byte, s []byte) {
-	v = tx.v
-	r = ethutil.LeftPadBytes(tx.r, 32)
-	s = ethutil.LeftPadBytes(tx.s, 32)
+	v = byte(tx.V)
+	r = ethutil.LeftPadBytes(tx.R, 32)
+	s = ethutil.LeftPadBytes(tx.S, 32)
 
 	return
 }
@@ -130,42 +132,37 @@ func (tx *Transaction) Sign(privk []byte) error {
 
 	sig := tx.Signature(privk)
 
-	tx.r = sig[:32]
-	tx.s = sig[32:64]
-	tx.v = sig[64] + 27
+	tx.R = sig[:32]
+	tx.S = sig[32:64]
+	tx.V = uint64(sig[64] + 27)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (tx *Transaction) RlpData() interface{} {
-	data := []interface{}{tx.nonce, tx.gasPrice, tx.gas, tx.recipient, tx.value, tx.data}
+	data := []interface{}{tx.AccountNonce, tx.Price, tx.GasAmount, tx.Recipient, tx.Amount, tx.Payload}
 
-	return append(data, tx.v, new(big.Int).SetBytes(tx.r).Bytes(), new(big.Int).SetBytes(tx.s).Bytes())
-}
-
-func (tx *Transaction) RlpValue() *ethutil.Value {
-	return ethutil.NewValue(tx.RlpData())
+	return append(data, tx.V, new(big.Int).SetBytes(tx.R).Bytes(), new(big.Int).SetBytes(tx.S).Bytes())
 }
 
 func (tx *Transaction) RlpEncode() []byte {
-	return tx.RlpValue().Encode()
+	return ethutil.Encode(tx)
 }
 
 func (tx *Transaction) RlpDecode(data []byte) {
-	tx.RlpValueDecode(ethutil.NewValueFromBytes(data))
+	rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data), tx)
 }
 
 func (tx *Transaction) RlpValueDecode(decoder *ethutil.Value) {
-	tx.nonce = decoder.Get(0).Uint()
-	tx.gasPrice = decoder.Get(1).BigInt()
-	tx.gas = decoder.Get(2).BigInt()
-	tx.recipient = decoder.Get(3).Bytes()
-	tx.value = decoder.Get(4).BigInt()
-	tx.data = decoder.Get(5).Bytes()
-	tx.v = byte(decoder.Get(6).Uint())
-
-	tx.r = decoder.Get(7).Bytes()
-	tx.s = decoder.Get(8).Bytes()
+	tx.AccountNonce = decoder.Get(0).Uint()
+	tx.Price = decoder.Get(1).BigInt()
+	tx.GasAmount = decoder.Get(2).BigInt()
+	tx.Recipient = decoder.Get(3).Bytes()
+	tx.Amount = decoder.Get(4).BigInt()
+	tx.Payload = decoder.Get(5).Bytes()
+	tx.V = decoder.Get(6).Uint()
+	tx.R = decoder.Get(7).Bytes()
+	tx.S = decoder.Get(8).Bytes()
 }
 
 func (tx *Transaction) String() string {
@@ -174,10 +171,10 @@ func (tx *Transaction) String() string {
 	Contract: %v
 	From:     %x
 	To:       %x
-	Nonce:    %v
-	GasPrice: %v
-	Gas:      %v
-	Value:    %v
+	AccountNonce:    %v
+	GasAmountPrice: %v
+	GasAmount:      %v
+	Amount:    %v
 	Data:     0x%x
 	V:        0x%x
 	R:        0x%x
@@ -185,17 +182,17 @@ func (tx *Transaction) String() string {
 	Hex:      %x
 	`,
 		tx.Hash(),
-		len(tx.recipient) == 0,
+		len(tx.Recipient) == 0,
 		tx.From(),
-		tx.recipient,
-		tx.nonce,
-		tx.gasPrice,
-		tx.gas,
-		tx.value,
-		tx.data,
-		tx.v,
-		tx.r,
-		tx.s,
+		tx.Recipient,
+		tx.AccountNonce,
+		tx.Price,
+		tx.GasAmount,
+		tx.Amount,
+		tx.Payload,
+		tx.V,
+		tx.R,
+		tx.S,
 		ethutil.Encode(tx),
 	)
 }
@@ -220,5 +217,5 @@ func (s Transactions) GetRlp(i int) []byte { return ethutil.Rlp(s[i]) }
 type TxByNonce struct{ Transactions }
 
 func (s TxByNonce) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	return s.Transactions[i].nonce < s.Transactions[j].nonce
+	return s.Transactions[i].AccountNonce < s.Transactions[j].AccountNonce
 }
diff --git a/core/vm_env.go b/core/vm_env.go
index ad63ecf9c..209115eab 100644
--- a/core/vm_env.go
+++ b/core/vm_env.go
@@ -24,15 +24,15 @@ func NewEnv(state *state.StateDB, msg Message, block *types.Block) *VMEnv {
 }
 
 func (self *VMEnv) Origin() []byte        { return self.msg.From() }
-func (self *VMEnv) BlockNumber() *big.Int { return self.block.Number }
-func (self *VMEnv) PrevHash() []byte      { return self.block.PrevHash }
-func (self *VMEnv) Coinbase() []byte      { return self.block.Coinbase }
-func (self *VMEnv) Time() int64           { return self.block.Time }
-func (self *VMEnv) Difficulty() *big.Int  { return self.block.Difficulty }
+func (self *VMEnv) BlockNumber() *big.Int { return self.block.Number() }
+func (self *VMEnv) PrevHash() []byte      { return self.block.ParentHash() }
+func (self *VMEnv) Coinbase() []byte      { return self.block.Coinbase() }
+func (self *VMEnv) Time() int64           { return self.block.Time() }
+func (self *VMEnv) Difficulty() *big.Int  { return self.block.Difficulty() }
 func (self *VMEnv) BlockHash() []byte     { return self.block.Hash() }
+func (self *VMEnv) GasLimit() *big.Int    { return self.block.GasLimit() }
 func (self *VMEnv) Value() *big.Int       { return self.msg.Value() }
 func (self *VMEnv) State() *state.StateDB { return self.state }
-func (self *VMEnv) GasLimit() *big.Int    { return self.block.GasLimit }
 func (self *VMEnv) Depth() int            { return self.depth }
 func (self *VMEnv) SetDepth(i int)        { self.depth = i }
 func (self *VMEnv) AddLog(log state.Log) {
diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index 0aad6a514..383cda46f 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ func (self *Ethereum) blockBroadcastLoop() {
 	// automatically stops if unsubscribe
 	for obj := range self.txSub.Chan() {
 		event := obj.(core.NewMinedBlockEvent)
-		self.server.Broadcast("eth", NewBlockMsg, event.Block.Value().Val)
+		self.server.Broadcast("eth", NewBlockMsg, event.Block.RlpData())
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/eth/protocol.go b/eth/protocol.go
index 3b6f95d44..963d41794 100644
--- a/eth/protocol.go
+++ b/eth/protocol.go
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ func (self *ethProtocol) handle() error {
 			}
 			block := self.chainManager.GetBlock(hash)
 			if block != nil {
-				blocks = append(blocks, block.Value().Raw())
+				blocks = append(blocks, block.RlpData())
 			}
 		}
 		return self.rw.EncodeMsg(BlocksMsg, blocks...)
diff --git a/miner/miner.go b/miner/miner.go
index d909c228b..c9a6922bb 100644
--- a/miner/miner.go
+++ b/miner/miner.go
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ type Miner struct {
 	eth    *eth.Ethereum
 	events event.Subscription
 
-	uncles    types.Blocks
+	uncles    []*types.Header
 	localTxs  map[int]*LocalTx
 	localTxId int
 
@@ -184,9 +184,9 @@ func (self *Miner) mine() {
 		block.SetUncles(self.uncles)
 	}
 
-	parent := chainMan.GetBlock(block.PrevHash)
-	coinbase := block.State().GetOrNewStateObject(block.Coinbase)
-	coinbase.SetGasPool(block.CalcGasLimit(parent))
+	parent := chainMan.GetBlock(block.ParentHash())
+	coinbase := block.State().GetOrNewStateObject(block.Coinbase())
+	coinbase.SetGasPool(core.CalcGasLimit(parent, block))
 
 	transactions := self.finiliseTxs()
 
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ func (self *Miner) mine() {
 	// Find a valid nonce
 	nonce := self.pow.Search(block, self.powQuitCh)
 	if nonce != nil {
-		block.Nonce = nonce
+		block.Header().Nonce = nonce
 		err := chainMan.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block})
 		if err != nil {
 			minerlogger.Infoln(err)
diff --git a/pow/block.go b/pow/block.go
index 4759e19fb..62df2b5ff 100644
--- a/pow/block.go
+++ b/pow/block.go
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package pow
 import "math/big"
 
 type Block interface {
-	Diff() *big.Int
+	Difficulty() *big.Int
 	HashNoNonce() []byte
 	N() []byte
 }
diff --git a/pow/ezp/pow.go b/pow/ezp/pow.go
index f669f8aa4..f9f27326f 100644
--- a/pow/ezp/pow.go
+++ b/pow/ezp/pow.go
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func (pow *EasyPow) Turbo(on bool) {
 func (pow *EasyPow) Search(block pow.Block, stop <-chan struct{}) []byte {
 	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
 	hash := block.HashNoNonce()
-	diff := block.Diff()
+	diff := block.Difficulty()
 	i := int64(0)
 	start := time.Now().UnixNano()
 	t := time.Now()
@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@ func verify(hash []byte, diff *big.Int, nonce []byte) bool {
 }
 
 func Verify(block pow.Block) bool {
-	return verify(block.HashNoNonce(), block.Diff(), block.N())
+	return verify(block.HashNoNonce(), block.Difficulty(), block.N())
 }
diff --git a/xeth/js_types.go b/xeth/js_types.go
index 04018f6a5..4bb1f4e7d 100644
--- a/xeth/js_types.go
+++ b/xeth/js_types.go
@@ -42,21 +42,21 @@ func NewJSBlock(block *types.Block) *JSBlock {
 	}
 	txlist := ethutil.NewList(ptxs)
 
-	puncles := make([]*JSBlock, len(block.Uncles))
-	for i, uncle := range block.Uncles {
-		puncles[i] = NewJSBlock(uncle)
+	puncles := make([]*JSBlock, len(block.Uncles()))
+	for i, uncle := range block.Uncles() {
+		puncles[i] = NewJSBlock(types.NewBlockWithHeader(uncle))
 	}
 	ulist := ethutil.NewList(puncles)
 
 	return &JSBlock{
 		ref: block, Size: block.Size().String(),
-		Number: int(block.Number.Uint64()), GasUsed: block.GasUsed.String(),
-		GasLimit: block.GasLimit.String(), Hash: ethutil.Bytes2Hex(block.Hash()),
+		Number: int(block.NumberU64()), GasUsed: block.GasUsed().String(),
+		GasLimit: block.GasLimit().String(), Hash: ethutil.Bytes2Hex(block.Hash()),
 		Transactions: txlist, Uncles: ulist,
-		Time:     block.Time,
-		Coinbase: ethutil.Bytes2Hex(block.Coinbase),
-		PrevHash: ethutil.Bytes2Hex(block.PrevHash),
-		Bloom:    ethutil.Bytes2Hex(block.LogsBloom),
+		Time:     block.Time(),
+		Coinbase: ethutil.Bytes2Hex(block.Coinbase()),
+		PrevHash: ethutil.Bytes2Hex(block.ParentHash()),
+		Bloom:    ethutil.Bytes2Hex(block.Bloom()),
 		Raw:      block.String(),
 	}
 }
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func (self *JSBlock) ToString() string {
 }
 
 func (self *JSBlock) GetTransaction(hash string) *JSTransaction {
-	tx := self.ref.GetTransaction(ethutil.Hex2Bytes(hash))
+	tx := self.ref.Transaction(ethutil.Hex2Bytes(hash))
 	if tx == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
diff --git a/xeth/pipe.go b/xeth/pipe.go
index 06820cc86..775d5cfc5 100644
--- a/xeth/pipe.go
+++ b/xeth/pipe.go
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func (self *XEth) Transact(key *crypto.KeyPair, to []byte, value, gas, price *et
 	// Do some pre processing for our "pre" events  and hooks
 	block := self.chainManager.NewBlock(key.Address())
 	coinbase := state.GetStateObject(key.Address())
-	coinbase.SetGasPool(block.GasLimit)
+	coinbase.SetGasPool(block.GasLimit())
 	self.blockManager.ApplyTransactions(coinbase, state, block, types.Transactions{tx}, true)
 
 	err := self.obj.TxPool().Add(tx)
diff --git a/xeth/vm_env.go b/xeth/vm_env.go
index 7fb674a94..7633e0640 100644
--- a/xeth/vm_env.go
+++ b/xeth/vm_env.go
@@ -28,15 +28,15 @@ func NewEnv(state *state.StateDB, block *types.Block, value *big.Int, sender []b
 }
 
 func (self *VMEnv) Origin() []byte        { return self.sender }
-func (self *VMEnv) BlockNumber() *big.Int { return self.block.Number }
-func (self *VMEnv) PrevHash() []byte      { return self.block.PrevHash }
-func (self *VMEnv) Coinbase() []byte      { return self.block.Coinbase }
-func (self *VMEnv) Time() int64           { return self.block.Time }
-func (self *VMEnv) Difficulty() *big.Int  { return self.block.Difficulty }
+func (self *VMEnv) BlockNumber() *big.Int { return self.block.Number() }
+func (self *VMEnv) PrevHash() []byte      { return self.block.ParentHash() }
+func (self *VMEnv) Coinbase() []byte      { return self.block.Coinbase() }
+func (self *VMEnv) Time() int64           { return self.block.Time() }
+func (self *VMEnv) Difficulty() *big.Int  { return self.block.Difficulty() }
 func (self *VMEnv) BlockHash() []byte     { return self.block.Hash() }
+func (self *VMEnv) GasLimit() *big.Int    { return self.block.GasLimit() }
 func (self *VMEnv) Value() *big.Int       { return self.value }
 func (self *VMEnv) State() *state.StateDB { return self.state }
-func (self *VMEnv) GasLimit() *big.Int    { return self.block.GasLimit }
 func (self *VMEnv) Depth() int            { return self.depth }
 func (self *VMEnv) SetDepth(i int)        { self.depth = i }
 func (self *VMEnv) AddLog(log state.Log) {