/*
Package otto is a JavaScript parser and interpreter written natively in Go.
http://godoc.org/github.com/robertkrimen/otto
import (
"github.com/robertkrimen/otto"
)
Run something in the VM
vm := otto.New()
vm.Run(`
abc = 2 + 2;
console.log("The value of abc is " + abc); // 4
`)
Get a value out of the VM
value, err := vm.Get("abc")
value, _ := value.ToInteger()
}
Set a number
vm.Set("def", 11)
vm.Run(`
console.log("The value of def is " + def);
// The value of def is 11
`)
Set a string
vm.Set("xyzzy", "Nothing happens.")
vm.Run(`
console.log(xyzzy.length); // 16
`)
Get the value of an expression
value, _ = vm.Run("xyzzy.length")
{
// value is an int64 with a value of 16
value, _ := value.ToInteger()
}
An error happens
value, err = vm.Run("abcdefghijlmnopqrstuvwxyz.length")
if err != nil {
// err = ReferenceError: abcdefghijlmnopqrstuvwxyz is not defined
// If there is an error, then value.IsUndefined() is true
...
}
Set a Go function
vm.Set("sayHello", func(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
fmt.Printf("Hello, %s.\n", call.Argument(0).String())
return otto.Value{}
})
Set a Go function that returns something useful
vm.Set("twoPlus", func(call otto.FunctionCall) otto.Value {
right, _ := call.Argument(0).ToInteger()
result, _ := vm.ToValue(2 + right)
return result
})
Use the functions in JavaScript
result, _ = vm.Run(`
sayHello("Xyzzy"); // Hello, Xyzzy.
sayHello(); // Hello, undefined
result = twoPlus(2.0); // 4
`)
Parser
A separate parser is available in the parser package if you're just interested in building an AST.
http://godoc.org/github.com/robertkrimen/otto/parser
Parse and return an AST
filename := "" // A filename is optional
src := `
// Sample xyzzy example
(function(){
if (3.14159 > 0) {
console.log("Hello, World.");
return;
}
var xyzzy = NaN;
console.log("Nothing happens.");
return xyzzy;
})();
`
// Parse some JavaScript, yielding a *ast.Program and/or an ErrorList
program, err := parser.ParseFile(nil, filename, src, 0)
otto
You can run (Go) JavaScript from the commandline with: http://github.com/robertkrimen/otto/tree/master/otto
$ go get -v github.com/robertkrimen/otto/otto
Run JavaScript by entering some source on stdin or by giving otto a filename:
$ otto example.js
underscore
Optionally include the JavaScript utility-belt library, underscore, with this import:
import (
"github.com/robertkrimen/otto"
_ "github.com/robertkrimen/otto/underscore"
)
// Now every otto runtime will come loaded with underscore
For more information: http://github.com/robertkrimen/otto/tree/master/underscore
Caveat Emptor
The following are some limitations with otto:
* "use strict" will parse, but does nothing.
* The regular expression engine (re2/regexp) is not fully compatible with the ECMA5 specification.
Regular Expression Incompatibility
Go translates JavaScript-style regular expressions into something that is "regexp" compatible via `parser.TransformRegExp`.
Unfortunately, RegExp requires backtracking for some patterns, and backtracking is not supported by the standard Go engine: https://code.google.com/p/re2/wiki/Syntax
Therefore, the following syntax is incompatible:
(?=) // Lookahead (positive), currently a parsing error
(?!) // Lookahead (backhead), currently a parsing error
\1 // Backreference (\1, \2, \3, ...), currently a parsing error
A brief discussion of these limitations: "Regexp (?!re)" https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups=#%21topic/golang-nuts/7qgSDWPIh_E
More information about re2: https://code.google.com/p/re2/
In addition to the above, re2 (Go) has a different definition for \s: [\t\n\f\r ].
The JavaScript definition, on the other hand, also includes \v, Unicode "Separator, Space", etc.
Halting Problem
If you want to stop long running executions (like third-party code), you can use the interrupt channel to do this:
package main
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"os"
"time"
"github.com/robertkrimen/otto"
)
var halt = errors.New("Stahp")
func main() {
runUnsafe(`var abc = [];`)
runUnsafe(`
while (true) {
// Loop forever
}`)
}
func runUnsafe(unsafe string) {
start := time.Now()
defer func() {
duration := time.Since(start)
if caught := recover(); caught != nil {
if caught == halt {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Some code took to long! Stopping after: %v\n", duration)
return
}
panic(caught) // Something else happened, repanic!
}
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Ran code successfully: %v\n", duration)
}()
vm := otto.New()
vm.Interrupt = make(chan func(), 1) // The buffer prevents blocking
go func() {
time.Sleep(2 * time.Second) // Stop after two seconds
vm.Interrupt <- func() {
panic(halt)
}
}()
vm.Run(unsafe) // Here be dragons (risky code)
}
Where is setTimeout/setInterval?
These timing functions are not actually part of the ECMA-262 specification. Typically, they belong to the `windows` object (in the browser).
It would not be difficult to provide something like these via Go, but you probably want to wrap otto in an event loop in that case.
For an example of how this could be done in Go with otto, see natto:
http://github.com/robertkrimen/natto
Here is some more discussion of the issue:
* http://book.mixu.net/node/ch2.html
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reentrancy_%28computing%29
* http://aaroncrane.co.uk/2009/02/perl_safe_signals/
*/
package otto
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
"github.com/robertkrimen/otto/registry"
)
// Otto is the representation of the JavaScript runtime. Each instance of Otto has a self-contained namespace.
type Otto struct {
// Interrupt is a channel for interrupting the runtime. You can use this to halt a long running execution, for example.
// See "Halting Problem" for more information.
Interrupt chan func()
runtime *_runtime
}
// New will allocate a new JavaScript runtime
func New() *Otto {
self := &Otto{
runtime: newContext(),
}
self.runtime.otto = self
self.Set("console", self.runtime.newConsole())
registry.Apply(func(entry registry.Entry) {
self.Run(entry.Source())
})
return self
}
func (otto *Otto) clone() *Otto {
self := &Otto{
runtime: otto.runtime.clone(),
}
self.runtime.otto = self
return self
}
// Run will allocate a new JavaScript runtime, run the given source
// on the allocated runtime, and return the runtime, resulting value, and
// error (if any).
//
// src may be a string, a byte slice, a bytes.Buffer, or an io.Reader, but it MUST always be in UTF-8.
//
// src may also be a Script.
//
// src may also be a Program, but if the AST has been modified, then runtime behavior is undefined.
//
func Run(src interface{}) (*Otto, Value, error) {
otto := New()
value, err := otto.Run(src) // This already does safety checking
return otto, value, err
}
// Run will run the given source (parsing it first if necessary), returning the resulting value and error (if any)
//
// src may be a string, a byte slice, a bytes.Buffer, or an io.Reader, but it MUST always be in UTF-8.
//
// If the runtime is unable to parse source, then this function will return undefined and the parse error (nothing
// will be evaluated in this case).
//
// src may also be a Script.
//
// src may also be a Program, but if the AST has been modified, then runtime behavior is undefined.
//
func (self Otto) Run(src interface{}) (Value, error) {
value, err := self.runtime.cmpl_run(src)
if !value.safe() {
value = Value{}
}
return value, err
}
// Get the value of the top-level binding of the given name.
//
// If there is an error (like the binding does not exist), then the value
// will be undefined.
func (self Otto) Get(name string) (Value, error) {
value := Value{}
err := catchPanic(func() {
value = self.getValue(name)
})
if !value.safe() {
value = Value{}
}
return value, err
}
func (self Otto) getValue(name string) Value {
return self.runtime.globalStash.getBinding(name, false)
}
// Set the top-level binding of the given name to the given value.
//
// Set will automatically apply ToValue to the given value in order
// to convert it to a JavaScript value (type Value).
//
// If there is an error (like the binding is read-only, or the ToValue conversion
// fails), then an error is returned.
//
// If the top-level binding does not exist, it will be created.
func (self Otto) Set(name string, value interface{}) error {
{
value, err := self.ToValue(value)
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = catchPanic(func() {
self.setValue(name, value)
})
return err
}
}
func (self Otto) setValue(name string, value Value) {
self.runtime.globalStash.setValue(name, value, false)
}
// Call the given JavaScript with a given this and arguments.
//
// If this is nil, then some special handling takes place to determine the proper
// this value, falling back to a "standard" invocation if necessary (where this is
// undefined).
//
// If source begins with "new " (A lowercase new followed by a space), then
// Call will invoke the function constructor rather than performing a function call.
// In this case, the this argument has no effect.
//
// // value is a String object
// value, _ := vm.Call("Object", nil, "Hello, World.")
//
// // Likewise...
// value, _ := vm.Call("new Object", nil, "Hello, World.")
//
// // This will perform a concat on the given array and return the result
// // value is [ 1, 2, 3, undefined, 4, 5, 6, 7, "abc" ]
// value, _ := vm.Call(`[ 1, 2, 3, undefined, 4 ].concat`, nil, 5, 6, 7, "abc")
//
func (self Otto) Call(source string, this interface{}, argumentList ...interface{}) (Value, error) {
thisValue := Value{}
construct := false
if strings.HasPrefix(source, "new ") {
source = source[4:]
construct = true
}
// FIXME enterGlobalScope
self.runtime.enterGlobalScope()
defer func() {
self.runtime.leaveScope()
}()
if !construct && this == nil {
program, err := self.runtime.cmpl_parse("", source+"()")
if err == nil {
if node, ok := program.body[0].(*_nodeExpressionStatement); ok {
if node, ok := node.expression.(*_nodeCallExpression); ok {
var value Value
err := catchPanic(func() {
value = self.runtime.cmpl_evaluate_nodeCallExpression(node, argumentList)
})
if err != nil {
return Value{}, err
}
return value, nil
}
}
}
} else {
value, err := self.ToValue(this)
if err != nil {
return Value{}, err
}
thisValue = value
}
{
this := thisValue
fn, err := self.Run(source)
if err != nil {
return Value{}, err
}
if construct {
result, err := fn.constructSafe(self.runtime, this, argumentList...)
if err != nil {
return Value{}, err
}
return result, nil
}
result, err := fn.Call(this, argumentList...)
if err != nil {
return Value{}, err
}
return result, nil
}
}
// Object will run the given source and return the result as an object.
//
// For example, accessing an existing object:
//
// object, _ := vm.Object(`Number`)
//
// Or, creating a new object:
//
// object, _ := vm.Object(`({ xyzzy: "Nothing happens." })`)
//
// Or, creating and assigning an object:
//
// object, _ := vm.Object(`xyzzy = {}`)
// object.Set("volume", 11)
//
// If there is an error (like the source does not result in an object), then
// nil and an error is returned.
func (self Otto) Object(source string) (*Object, error) {
value, err := self.runtime.cmpl_run(source)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if value.IsObject() {
return value.Object(), nil
}
return nil, fmt.Errorf("value is not an object")
}
// ToValue will convert an interface{} value to a value digestible by otto/JavaScript.
func (self Otto) ToValue(value interface{}) (Value, error) {
return self.runtime.safeToValue(value)
}
// Copy will create a copy/clone of the runtime.
//
// Copy is useful for saving some time when creating many similar runtimes.
//
// This method works by walking the original runtime and cloning each object, scope, stash,
// etc. into a new runtime.
//
// Be on the lookout for memory leaks or inadvertent sharing of resources.
func (in *Otto) Copy() *Otto {
out := &Otto{
runtime: in.runtime.clone(),
}
out.runtime.otto = out
return out
}
// Object{}
// Object is the representation of a JavaScript object.
type Object struct {
object *_object
value Value
}
func _newObject(object *_object, value Value) *Object {
// value MUST contain object!
return &Object{
object: object,
value: value,
}
}
// Call a method on the object.
//
// It is essentially equivalent to:
//
// var method, _ := object.Get(name)
// method.Call(object, argumentList...)
//
// An undefined value and an error will result if:
//
// 1. There is an error during conversion of the argument list
// 2. The property is not actually a function
// 3. An (uncaught) exception is thrown
//
func (self Object) Call(name string, argumentList ...interface{}) (Value, error) {
// TODO: Insert an example using JavaScript below...
// e.g., Object("JSON").Call("stringify", ...)
function, err := self.Get(name)
if err != nil {
return Value{}, err
}
return function.Call(self.Value(), argumentList...)
}
// Value will return self as a value.
func (self Object) Value() Value {
return self.value
}
// Get the value of the property with the given name.
func (self Object) Get(name string) (Value, error) {
value := Value{}
err := catchPanic(func() {
value = self.object.get(name)
})
if !value.safe() {
value = Value{}
}
return value, err
}
// Set the property of the given name to the given value.
//
// An error will result if the setting the property triggers an exception (i.e. read-only),
// or there is an error during conversion of the given value.
func (self Object) Set(name string, value interface{}) error {
{
value, err := self.object.runtime.safeToValue(value)
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = catchPanic(func() {
self.object.put(name, value, true)
})
return err
}
}
// Get the keys for the object
//
// Equivalent to calling Object.keys on the object
func (self Object) Keys() []string {
var keys []string
self.object.enumerate(false, func(name string) bool {
keys = append(keys, name)
return true
})
return keys
}
// Class will return the class string of the object.
//
// The return value will (generally) be one of:
//
// Object
// Function
// Array
// String
// Number
// Boolean
// Date
// RegExp
//
func (self Object) Class() string {
return self.object.class
}
