path: root/core/chain_util.go

// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package core

import (
    "bytes"
    "math/big"

    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
)

var (
    headHeaderKey = []byte("LastHeader")
    headBlockKey  = []byte("LastBlock")

    blockPrefix    = []byte("block-")
    blockNumPrefix = []byte("block-num-")

    headerSuffix = []byte("-header")
    bodySuffix   = []byte("-body")
    tdSuffix     = []byte("-td")

    ExpDiffPeriod = big.NewInt(100000)
    blockHashPre  = []byte("block-hash-") // [deprecated by eth/63]
)

// CalcDifficulty is the difficulty adjustment algorithm. It returns
// the difficulty that a new block b should have when created at time
// given the parent block's time and difficulty.
func CalcDifficulty(time, parentTime uint64, parentNumber, parentDiff *big.Int) *big.Int {
    diff := new(big.Int)
    adjust := new(big.Int).Div(parentDiff, params.DifficultyBoundDivisor)
    bigTime := new(big.Int)
    bigParentTime := new(big.Int)

    bigTime.SetUint64(time)
    bigParentTime.SetUint64(parentTime)

    if bigTime.Sub(bigTime, bigParentTime).Cmp(params.DurationLimit) < 0 {
        diff.Add(parentDiff, adjust)
    } else {
        diff.Sub(parentDiff, adjust)
    }
    if diff.Cmp(params.MinimumDifficulty) < 0 {
        diff = params.MinimumDifficulty
    }

    periodCount := new(big.Int).Add(parentNumber, common.Big1)
    periodCount.Div(periodCount, ExpDiffPeriod)
    if periodCount.Cmp(common.Big1) > 0 {
        // diff = diff + 2^(periodCount - 2)
        expDiff := periodCount.Sub(periodCount, common.Big2)
        expDiff.Exp(common.Big2, expDiff, nil)
        diff.Add(diff, expDiff)
        diff = common.BigMax(diff, params.MinimumDifficulty)
    }

    return diff
}

// CalcGasLimit computes the gas limit of the next block after parent.
// The result may be modified by the caller.
// This is miner strategy, not consensus protocol.
func CalcGasLimit(parent *types.Block) *big.Int {
    // contrib = (parentGasUsed * 3 / 2) / 1024
    contrib := new(big.Int).Mul(parent.GasUsed(), big.NewInt(3))
    contrib = contrib.Div(contrib, big.NewInt(2))
    contrib = contrib.Div(contrib, params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)

    // decay = parentGasLimit / 1024 -1
    decay := new(big.Int).Div(parent.GasLimit(), params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)
    decay.Sub(decay, big.NewInt(1))

    /*
        strategy: gasLimit of block-to-mine is set based on parent's
        gasUsed value.  if parentGasUsed > parentGasLimit * (2/3) then we
        increase it, otherwise lower it (or leave it unchanged if it's right
        at that usage) the amount increased/decreased depends on how far away
        from parentGasLimit * (2/3) parentGasUsed is.
    */
    gl := new(big.Int).Sub(parent.GasLimit(), decay)
    gl = gl.Add(gl, contrib)
    gl.Set(common.BigMax(gl, params.MinGasLimit))

    // however, if we're now below the target (GenesisGasLimit) we increase the
    // limit as much as we can (parentGasLimit / 1024 -1)
    if gl.Cmp(params.GenesisGasLimit) < 0 {
        gl.Add(parent.GasLimit(), decay)
        gl.Set(common.BigMin(gl, params.GenesisGasLimit))
    }
    return gl
}

// GetCanonicalHash retrieves a hash assigned to a canonical block number.
func GetCanonicalHash(db ethdb.Database, number uint64) common.Hash {
    data, _ := db.Get(append(blockNumPrefix, big.NewInt(int64(number)).Bytes()...))
    if len(data) == 0 {
        return common.Hash{}
    }
    return common.BytesToHash(data)
}

// GetHeadHeaderHash retrieves the hash of the current canonical head block's
// header. The difference between this and GetHeadBlockHash is that whereas the
// last block hash is only updated upon a full block import, the last header
// hash is updated already at header import, allowing head tracking for the
// fast synchronization mechanism.
func GetHeadHeaderHash(db ethdb.Database) common.Hash {
    data, _ := db.Get(headHeaderKey)
    if len(data) == 0 {
        return common.Hash{}
    }
    return common.BytesToHash(data)
}

// GetHeadBlockHash retrieves the hash of the current canonical head block.
func GetHeadBlockHash(db ethdb.Database) common.Hash {
    data, _ := db.Get(headBlockKey)
    if len(data) == 0 {
        return common.Hash{}
    }
    return common.BytesToHash(data)
}

// GetHeaderRLP retrieves a block header in its raw RLP database encoding, or nil
// if the header's not found.
func GetHeaderRLP(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) rlp.RawValue {
    data, _ := db.Get(append(append(blockPrefix, hash[:]...), headerSuffix...))
    return data
}

// GetHeader retrieves the block header corresponding to the hash, nil if none
// found.
func GetHeader(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) *types.Header {
    data := GetHeaderRLP(db, hash)
    if len(data) == 0 {
        return nil
    }
    header := new(types.Header)
    if err := rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data), header); err != nil {
        glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("invalid block header RLP for hash %x: %v", hash, err)
        return nil
    }
    return header
}

// GetBodyRLP retrieves the block body (transactions and uncles) in RLP encoding.
func GetBodyRLP(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) rlp.RawValue {
    data, _ := db.Get(append(append(blockPrefix, hash[:]...), bodySuffix...))
    return data
}

// GetBody retrieves the block body (transactons, uncles) corresponding to the
// hash, nil if none found.
func GetBody(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) *types.Body {
    data := GetBodyRLP(db, hash)
    if len(data) == 0 {
        return nil
    }
    body := new(types.Body)
    if err := rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data), body); err != nil {
        glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("invalid block body RLP for hash %x: %v", hash, err)
        return nil
    }
    return body
}

// GetTd retrieves a block's total difficulty corresponding to the hash, nil if
// none found.
func GetTd(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) *big.Int {
    data, _ := db.Get(append(append(blockPrefix, hash.Bytes()...), tdSuffix...))
    if len(data) == 0 {
        return nil
    }
    td := new(big.Int)
    if err := rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data), td); err != nil {
        glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("invalid block total difficulty RLP for hash %x: %v", hash, err)
        return nil
    }
    return td
}

// GetBlock retrieves an entire block corresponding to the hash, assembling it
// back from the stored header and body.
func GetBlock(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) *types.Block {
    // Retrieve the block header and body contents
    header := GetHeader(db, hash)
    if header == nil {
        return nil
    }
    body := GetBody(db, hash)
    if body == nil {
        return nil
    }
    // Reassemble the block and return
    return types.NewBlockWithHeader(header).WithBody(body.Transactions, body.Uncles)
}

// WriteCanonicalHash stores the canonical hash for the given block number.
func WriteCanonicalHash(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, number uint64) error {
    key := append(blockNumPrefix, big.NewInt(int64(number)).Bytes()...)
    if err := db.Put(key, hash.Bytes()); err != nil {
        glog.Fatalf("failed to store number to hash mapping into database: %v", err)
        return err
    }
    return nil
}

// WriteHeadHeaderHash stores the head header's hash.
func WriteHeadHeaderHash(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) error {
    if err := db.Put(headHeaderKey, hash.Bytes()); err != nil {
        glog.Fatalf("failed to store last header's hash into database: %v", err)
        return err
    }
    return nil
}

// WriteHeadBlockHash stores the head block's hash.
func WriteHeadBlockHash(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) error {
    if err := db.Put(headBlockKey, hash.Bytes()); err != nil {
        glog.Fatalf("failed to store last block's hash into database: %v", err)
        return err
    }
    return nil
}

// WriteHeader serializes a block header into the database.
func WriteHeader(db ethdb.Database, header *types.Header) error {
    data, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(header)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    key := append(append(blockPrefix, header.Hash().Bytes()...), headerSuffix...)
    if err := db.Put(key, data); err != nil {
        glog.Fatalf("failed to store header into database: %v", err)
        return err
    }
    glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("stored header #%v [%x…]", header.Number, header.Hash().Bytes()[:4])
    return nil
}

// WriteBody serializes the body of a block into the database.
func WriteBody(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, body *types.Body) error {
    data, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(body)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    key := append(append(blockPrefix, hash.Bytes()...), bodySuffix...)
    if err := db.Put(key, data); err != nil {
        glog.Fatalf("failed to store block body into database: %v", err)
        return err
    }
    glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("stored block body [%x…]", hash.Bytes()[:4])
    return nil
}

// WriteTd serializes the total difficulty of a block into the database.
func WriteTd(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash, td *big.Int) error {
    data, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(td)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    key := append(append(blockPrefix, hash.Bytes()...), tdSuffix...)
    if err := db.Put(key, data); err != nil {
        glog.Fatalf("failed to store block total difficulty into database: %v", err)
        return err
    }
    glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("stored block total difficulty [%x…]: %v", hash.Bytes()[:4], td)
    return nil
}

// WriteBlock serializes a block into the database, header and body separately.
func WriteBlock(db ethdb.Database, block *types.Block) error {
    // Store the body first to retain database consistency
    if err := WriteBody(db, block.Hash(), &types.Body{block.Transactions(), block.Uncles()}); err != nil {
        return err
    }
    // Store the header too, signaling full block ownership
    if err := WriteHeader(db, block.Header()); err != nil {
        return err
    }
    return nil
}

// DeleteCanonicalHash removes the number to hash canonical mapping.
func DeleteCanonicalHash(db ethdb.Database, number uint64) {
    db.Delete(append(blockNumPrefix, big.NewInt(int64(number)).Bytes()...))
}

// DeleteHeader removes all block header data associated with a hash.
func DeleteHeader(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) {
    db.Delete(append(append(blockPrefix, hash.Bytes()...), headerSuffix...))
}

// DeleteBody removes all block body data associated with a hash.
func DeleteBody(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) {
    db.Delete(append(append(blockPrefix, hash.Bytes()...), bodySuffix...))
}

// DeleteTd removes all block total difficulty data associated with a hash.
func DeleteTd(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) {
    db.Delete(append(append(blockPrefix, hash.Bytes()...), tdSuffix...))
}

// DeleteBlock removes all block data associated with a hash.
func DeleteBlock(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) {
    DeleteHeader(db, hash)
    DeleteBody(db, hash)
    DeleteTd(db, hash)
}

// [deprecated by eth/63]
// GetBlockByHashOld returns the old combined block corresponding to the hash
// or nil if not found. This method is only used by the upgrade mechanism to
// access the old combined block representation. It will be dropped after the
// network transitions to eth/63.
func GetBlockByHashOld(db ethdb.Database, hash common.Hash) *types.Block {
    data, _ := db.Get(append(blockHashPre, hash[:]...))
    if len(data) == 0 {
        return nil
    }
    var block types.StorageBlock
    if err := rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data), &block); err != nil {
        glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("invalid block RLP for hash %x: %v", hash, err)
        return nil
    }
    return (*types.Block)(&block)
}