Merge branch 'develop' into poc8

16 files changed, 405 insertions, 329 deletions

diff --git a/core/block_processor.go b/core/block_processor.go
index 83399f472..893c586dd 100644
--- a/core/block_processor.go
+++ b/core/block_processor.go
@@ -2,40 +2,29 @@ package core
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow/ezp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 	"gopkg.in/fatih/set.v0"
 )
 
-var statelogger = logger.NewLogger("BLOCK")
-
-type EthManager interface {
-	BlockProcessor() *BlockProcessor
-	ChainManager() *ChainManager
-	TxPool() *TxPool
-	PeerCount() int
-	IsMining() bool
-	IsListening() bool
-	Peers() []*p2p.Peer
-	KeyManager() *crypto.KeyManager
-	ClientIdentity() p2p.ClientIdentity
-	Db() ethutil.Database
-	EventMux() *event.TypeMux
+type PendingBlockEvent struct {
+	Block *types.Block
 }
 
+var statelogger = logger.NewLogger("BLOCK")
+
 type BlockProcessor struct {
+	db ethutil.Database
 	// Mutex for locking the block processor. Blocks can only be handled one at a time
 	mutex sync.Mutex
 	// Canonical block chain
@@ -57,9 +46,11 @@ type BlockProcessor struct {
 	eventMux *event.TypeMux
 }
 
-func NewBlockProcessor(txpool *TxPool, chainManager *ChainManager, eventMux *event.TypeMux) *BlockProcessor {
+func NewBlockProcessor(db ethutil.Database, txpool *TxPool, chainManager *ChainManager, eventMux *event.TypeMux) *BlockProcessor {
 	sm := &BlockProcessor{
-		mem:      make(map[string]*big.Int),
+		db:  db,
+		mem: make(map[string]*big.Int),
+		//Pow:      &ethash.Ethash{},
 		Pow:      ezp.New(),
 		bc:       chainManager,
 		eventMux: eventMux,
@@ -82,6 +73,37 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) TransitionState(statedb *state.StateDB, parent, block
 	return receipts, nil
 }
 
+func (self *BlockProcessor) ApplyTransaction(coinbase *state.StateObject, state *state.StateDB, block *types.Block, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas *big.Int, transientProcess bool) (*types.Receipt, *big.Int, error) {
+	// If we are mining this block and validating we want to set the logs back to 0
+	state.EmptyLogs()
+
+	txGas := new(big.Int).Set(tx.Gas())
+
+	cb := state.GetStateObject(coinbase.Address())
+	st := NewStateTransition(NewEnv(state, self.bc, tx, block), tx, cb)
+	_, err := st.TransitionState()
+
+	txGas.Sub(txGas, st.gas)
+
+	// Update the state with pending changes
+	state.Update(txGas)
+
+	cumulative := new(big.Int).Set(usedGas.Add(usedGas, txGas))
+	receipt := types.NewReceipt(state.Root(), cumulative)
+	receipt.SetLogs(state.Logs())
+	receipt.Bloom = types.CreateBloom(types.Receipts{receipt})
+	chainlogger.Debugln(receipt)
+
+	// Notify all subscribers
+	if !transientProcess {
+		go self.eventMux.Post(TxPostEvent{tx})
+	}
+
+	go self.eventMux.Post(state.Logs())
+
+	return receipt, txGas, err
+}
+
 func (self *BlockProcessor) ApplyTransactions(coinbase *state.StateObject, state *state.StateDB, block *types.Block, txs types.Transactions, transientProcess bool) (types.Receipts, types.Transactions, types.Transactions, types.Transactions, error) {
 	var (
 		receipts           types.Receipts
@@ -92,85 +114,62 @@ func (self *BlockProcessor) ApplyTransactions(coinbase *state.StateObject, state
 		cumulativeSum      = new(big.Int)
 	)
 
-done:
-	for i, tx := range txs {
-		// If we are mining this block and validating we want to set the logs back to 0
-		state.EmptyLogs()
-
-		txGas := new(big.Int).Set(tx.Gas())
-
-		cb := state.GetStateObject(coinbase.Address())
-		st := NewStateTransition(NewEnv(state, self.bc, tx, block), tx, cb)
-		_, err = st.TransitionState()
+	for _, tx := range txs {
+		receipt, txGas, err := self.ApplyTransaction(coinbase, state, block, tx, totalUsedGas, transientProcess)
 		if err != nil {
 			switch {
 			case IsNonceErr(err):
-				err = nil // ignore error
-				continue
+				return nil, nil, nil, nil, err
 			case IsGasLimitErr(err):
-				unhandled = txs[i:]
-
-				break done
+				return nil, nil, nil, nil, err
 			default:
 				statelogger.Infoln(err)
 				erroneous = append(erroneous, tx)
 				err = nil
 			}
 		}
-
-		txGas.Sub(txGas, st.gas)
-		cumulativeSum.Add(cumulativeSum, new(big.Int).Mul(txGas, tx.GasPrice()))
-
-		// Update the state with pending changes
-		state.Update(txGas)
-
-		cumulative := new(big.Int).Set(totalUsedGas.Add(totalUsedGas, txGas))
-		receipt := types.NewReceipt(state.Root(), cumulative)
-		receipt.SetLogs(state.Logs())
-		receipt.Bloom = types.CreateBloom(types.Receipts{receipt})
-		chainlogger.Debugln(receipt)
-
-		// Notify all subscribers
-		if !transientProcess {
-			go self.eventMux.Post(TxPostEvent{tx})
-		}
-
 		receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
 		handled = append(handled, tx)
 
-		if ethutil.Config.Diff && ethutil.Config.DiffType == "all" {
-			state.CreateOutputForDiff()
-		}
+		cumulativeSum.Add(cumulativeSum, new(big.Int).Mul(txGas, tx.GasPrice()))
 	}
 
 	block.Reward = cumulativeSum
 	block.Header().GasUsed = totalUsedGas
 
+	if transientProcess {
+		go self.eventMux.Post(PendingBlockEvent{block})
+	}
+
 	return receipts, handled, unhandled, erroneous, err
 }
 
-func (sm *BlockProcessor) Process(block *types.Block) (td *big.Int, msgs state.Messages, err error) {
+// Process block will attempt to process the given block's transactions and applies them
+// on top of the block's parent state (given it exists) and will return wether it was
+// successful or not.
+func (sm *BlockProcessor) Process(block *types.Block) (td *big.Int, err error) {
 	// Processing a blocks may never happen simultaneously
 	sm.mutex.Lock()
 	defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	header := block.Header()
 	if sm.bc.HasBlock(header.Hash()) {
-		return nil, nil, &KnownBlockError{header.Number, header.Hash()}
+		return nil, &KnownBlockError{header.Number, header.Hash()}
 	}
 
 	if !sm.bc.HasBlock(header.ParentHash) {
-		return nil, nil, ParentError(header.ParentHash)
+		return nil, ParentError(header.ParentHash)
 	}
 	parent := sm.bc.GetBlock(header.ParentHash)
 
-	return sm.ProcessWithParent(block, parent)
+	return sm.processWithParent(block, parent)
 }
 
-func (sm *BlockProcessor) ProcessWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (td *big.Int, messages state.Messages, err error) {
+func (sm *BlockProcessor) processWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (td *big.Int, err error) {
 	sm.lastAttemptedBlock = block
 
-	state := state.New(parent.Trie().Copy())
+	// Create a new state based on the parent's root (e.g., create copy)
+	state := state.New(parent.Root(), sm.db)
 
 	// Block validation
 	if err = sm.ValidateBlock(block, parent); err != nil {
@@ -184,18 +183,23 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) ProcessWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (td *big
 
 	header := block.Header()
 
+	// Validate the received block's bloom with the one derived from the generated receipts.
+	// For valid blocks this should always validate to true.
 	rbloom := types.CreateBloom(receipts)
 	if bytes.Compare(rbloom, header.Bloom) != 0 {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("unable to replicate block's bloom=%x", rbloom)
 		return
 	}
 
+	// The transactions Trie's root (R = (Tr [[H1, T1], [H2, T2], ... [Hn, Tn]]))
+	// can be used by light clients to make sure they've received the correct Txs
 	txSha := types.DeriveSha(block.Transactions())
 	if bytes.Compare(txSha, header.TxHash) != 0 {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("validating transaction root. received=%x got=%x", header.TxHash, txSha)
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Tre receipt Trie's root (R = (Tr [[H1, R1], ... [Hn, R1]]))
 	receiptSha := types.DeriveSha(receipts)
 	if bytes.Compare(receiptSha, header.ReceiptHash) != 0 {
 		fmt.Println("receipts", receipts)
@@ -203,116 +207,85 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) ProcessWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (td *big
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err = sm.AccumelateRewards(state, block, parent); err != nil {
+	// Accumulate static rewards; block reward, uncle's and uncle inclusion.
+	if err = sm.AccumulateRewards(state, block, parent); err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Commit state objects/accounts to a temporary trie (does not save)
+	// used to calculate the state root.
 	state.Update(ethutil.Big0)
-
 	if !bytes.Equal(header.Root, state.Root()) {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("invalid merkle root. received=%x got=%x", header.Root, state.Root())
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Calculate the new total difficulty and sync back to the db
-	if td, ok := sm.CalculateTD(block); ok {
-		// Sync the current block's state to the database and cancelling out the deferred Undo
-		state.Sync()
-
-		state.Manifest().SetHash(block.Hash())
-
-		messages := state.Manifest().Messages
-		state.Manifest().Reset()
-
-		chainlogger.Infof("processed block #%d (%x...)\n", header.Number, block.Hash()[0:4])
-
-		sm.txpool.RemoveSet(block.Transactions())
-
-		return td, messages, nil
-	} else {
-		return nil, nil, errors.New("total diff failed")
-	}
-}
-
-func (sm *BlockProcessor) CalculateTD(block *types.Block) (*big.Int, bool) {
-	uncleDiff := new(big.Int)
-	for _, uncle := range block.Uncles() {
-		uncleDiff = uncleDiff.Add(uncleDiff, uncle.Difficulty)
-	}
-
-	// TD(genesis_block) = 0 and TD(B) = TD(B.parent) + sum(u.difficulty for u in B.uncles) + B.difficulty
-	td := new(big.Int)
-	td = td.Add(sm.bc.Td(), uncleDiff)
-	td = td.Add(td, block.Header().Difficulty)
+	// Calculate the td for this block
+	td = CalculateTD(block, parent)
+	// Sync the current block's state to the database
+	state.Sync()
+	// Remove transactions from the pool
+	sm.txpool.RemoveSet(block.Transactions())
 
-	// The new TD will only be accepted if the new difficulty is
-	// is greater than the previous.
-	if td.Cmp(sm.bc.Td()) > 0 {
-		return td, true
-	}
+	chainlogger.Infof("processed block #%d (%x...)\n", header.Number, block.Hash()[0:4])
 
-	return nil, false
+	return td, nil
 }
 
 // Validates the current block. Returns an error if the block was invalid,
 // an uncle or anything that isn't on the current block chain.
 // Validation validates easy over difficult (dagger takes longer time = difficult)
 func (sm *BlockProcessor) ValidateBlock(block, parent *types.Block) error {
+	if len(block.Header().Extra) > 1024 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Block extra data too long (%d)", len(block.Header().Extra))
+	}
+
 	expd := CalcDifficulty(block, parent)
-	if expd.Cmp(block.Header().Difficulty) < 0 {
+	if expd.Cmp(block.Header().Difficulty) != 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Difficulty check failed for block %v, %v", block.Header().Difficulty, expd)
 	}
 
-	diff := block.Header().Time - parent.Header().Time
-	if diff < 0 {
-		return ValidationError("Block timestamp less then prev block %v (%v - %v)", diff, block.Header().Time, sm.bc.CurrentBlock().Header().Time)
+	if block.Time() < parent.Time() {
+		return ValidationError("Block timestamp not after prev block (%v - %v)", block.Header().Time, parent.Header().Time)
 	}
 
-	/* XXX
-	// New blocks must be within the 15 minute range of the last block.
-	if diff > int64(15*time.Minute) {
-		return ValidationError("Block is too far in the future of last block (> 15 minutes)")
+	if block.Time() > time.Now().Unix() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("block time is in the future")
 	}
-	*/
 
 	// Verify the nonce of the block. Return an error if it's not valid
-	if !sm.Pow.Verify(block /*block.HashNoNonce(), block.Difficulty, block.Nonce*/) {
+	if !sm.Pow.Verify(block) {
 		return ValidationError("Block's nonce is invalid (= %v)", ethutil.Bytes2Hex(block.Header().Nonce))
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (sm *BlockProcessor) AccumelateRewards(statedb *state.StateDB, block, parent *types.Block) error {
+func (sm *BlockProcessor) AccumulateRewards(statedb *state.StateDB, block, parent *types.Block) error {
 	reward := new(big.Int).Set(BlockReward)
 
-	knownUncles := set.New()
-	for _, uncle := range parent.Uncles() {
-		knownUncles.Add(string(uncle.Hash()))
+	ancestors := set.New()
+	for _, ancestor := range sm.bc.GetAncestors(block, 7) {
+		ancestors.Add(string(ancestor.Hash()))
 	}
 
-	nonces := ethutil.NewSet(block.Header().Nonce)
+	uncles := set.New()
+	uncles.Add(string(block.Hash()))
 	for _, uncle := range block.Uncles() {
-		if nonces.Include(uncle.Nonce) {
+		if uncles.Has(string(uncle.Hash())) {
 			// Error not unique
 			return UncleError("Uncle not unique")
 		}
+		uncles.Add(string(uncle.Hash()))
 
-		uncleParent := sm.bc.GetBlock(uncle.ParentHash)
-		if uncleParent == nil {
+		if !ancestors.Has(string(uncle.ParentHash)) {
 			return UncleError(fmt.Sprintf("Uncle's parent unknown (%x)", uncle.ParentHash[0:4]))
 		}
 
-		if uncleParent.Header().Number.Cmp(new(big.Int).Sub(parent.Header().Number, big.NewInt(6))) < 0 {
-			return UncleError("Uncle too old")
-		}
-
-		if knownUncles.Has(string(uncle.Hash())) {
-			return UncleError("Uncle in chain")
+		if !sm.Pow.Verify(types.NewBlockWithHeader(uncle)) {
+			return ValidationError("Uncle's nonce is invalid (= %v)", ethutil.Bytes2Hex(uncle.Nonce))
 		}
 
-		nonces.Insert(uncle.Nonce)
-
 		r := new(big.Int)
 		r.Mul(BlockReward, big.NewInt(15)).Div(r, big.NewInt(16))
 
@@ -327,18 +300,10 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) AccumelateRewards(statedb *state.StateDB, block, paren
 	// Reward amount of ether to the coinbase address
 	account.AddAmount(reward)
 
-	statedb.Manifest().AddMessage(&state.Message{
-		To:        block.Header().Coinbase,
-		Input:     nil,
-		Origin:    nil,
-		Timestamp: int64(block.Header().Time), Coinbase: block.Header().Coinbase, Number: block.Header().Number,
-		Value: new(big.Int).Add(reward, block.Reward),
-	})
-
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (sm *BlockProcessor) GetMessages(block *types.Block) (messages []*state.Message, err error) {
+func (sm *BlockProcessor) GetLogs(block *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, err error) {
 	if !sm.bc.HasBlock(block.Header().ParentHash) {
 		return nil, ParentError(block.Header().ParentHash)
 	}
@@ -347,13 +312,14 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) GetMessages(block *types.Block) (messages []*state.Mes
 
 	var (
 		parent = sm.bc.GetBlock(block.Header().ParentHash)
-		state  = state.New(parent.Trie().Copy())
+		//state  = state.New(parent.Trie().Copy())
+		state = state.New(parent.Root(), sm.db)
 	)
 
 	defer state.Reset()
 
 	sm.TransitionState(state, parent, block)
-	sm.AccumelateRewards(state, block, parent)
+	sm.AccumulateRewards(state, block, parent)
 
-	return state.Manifest().Messages, nil
+	return state.Logs(), nil
 }
diff --git a/core/chain_manager.go b/core/chain_manager.go
index 82b17cd93..308e958fe 100644
--- a/core/chain_manager.go
+++ b/core/chain_manager.go
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ import (
 
 var chainlogger = logger.NewLogger("CHAIN")
 
+type ChainEvent struct {
+	Block *types.Block
+	Td    *big.Int
+}
+
 type StateQuery interface {
 	GetAccount(addr []byte) *state.StateObject
 }
@@ -23,17 +28,30 @@ type StateQuery interface {
 func CalcDifficulty(block, parent *types.Block) *big.Int {
 	diff := new(big.Int)
 
-	bh, ph := block.Header(), parent.Header()
-	adjust := new(big.Int).Rsh(ph.Difficulty, 10)
-	if bh.Time >= ph.Time+5 {
-		diff.Sub(ph.Difficulty, adjust)
+	adjust := new(big.Int).Rsh(parent.Difficulty(), 10)
+	if block.Time() >= parent.Time()+8 {
+		diff.Sub(parent.Difficulty(), adjust)
 	} else {
-		diff.Add(ph.Difficulty, adjust)
+		diff.Add(parent.Difficulty(), adjust)
 	}
 
 	return diff
 }
 
+func CalculateTD(block, parent *types.Block) *big.Int {
+	uncleDiff := new(big.Int)
+	for _, uncle := range block.Uncles() {
+		uncleDiff = uncleDiff.Add(uncleDiff, uncle.Difficulty)
+	}
+
+	// TD(genesis_block) = 0 and TD(B) = TD(B.parent) + sum(u.difficulty for u in B.uncles) + B.difficulty
+	td := new(big.Int)
+	td = td.Add(parent.Td, uncleDiff)
+	td = td.Add(td, block.Header().Difficulty)
+
+	return td
+}
+
 func CalcGasLimit(parent, block *types.Block) *big.Int {
 	if block.Number().Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) == 0 {
 		return ethutil.BigPow(10, 6)
@@ -55,6 +73,7 @@ func CalcGasLimit(parent, block *types.Block) *big.Int {
 
 type ChainManager struct {
 	//eth          EthManager
+	db           ethutil.Database
 	processor    types.BlockProcessor
 	eventMux     *event.TypeMux
 	genesisBlock *types.Block
@@ -96,13 +115,9 @@ func (self *ChainManager) CurrentBlock() *types.Block {
 	return self.currentBlock
 }
 
-func NewChainManager(mux *event.TypeMux) *ChainManager {
-	bc := &ChainManager{}
-	bc.genesisBlock = GenesisBlock()
-	bc.eventMux = mux
-
+func NewChainManager(db ethutil.Database, mux *event.TypeMux) *ChainManager {
+	bc := &ChainManager{db: db, genesisBlock: GenesisBlock(db), eventMux: mux}
 	bc.setLastBlock()
-
 	bc.transState = bc.State().Copy()
 
 	return bc
@@ -120,7 +135,7 @@ func (self *ChainManager) SetProcessor(proc types.BlockProcessor) {
 }
 
 func (self *ChainManager) State() *state.StateDB {
-	return state.New(self.CurrentBlock().Trie())
+	return state.New(self.CurrentBlock().Root(), self.db)
 }
 
 func (self *ChainManager) TransState() *state.StateDB {
@@ -128,7 +143,7 @@ func (self *ChainManager) TransState() *state.StateDB {
 }
 
 func (bc *ChainManager) setLastBlock() {
-	data, _ := ethutil.Config.Db.Get([]byte("LastBlock"))
+	data, _ := bc.db.Get([]byte("LastBlock"))
 	if len(data) != 0 {
 		var block types.Block
 		rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data), &block)
@@ -137,12 +152,12 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) setLastBlock() {
 		bc.lastBlockNumber = block.Header().Number.Uint64()
 
 		// Set the last know difficulty (might be 0x0 as initial value, Genesis)
-		bc.td = ethutil.BigD(ethutil.Config.Db.LastKnownTD())
+		bc.td = ethutil.BigD(bc.db.LastKnownTD())
 	} else {
 		bc.Reset()
 	}
 
-	chainlogger.Infof("Last block (#%d) %x\n", bc.lastBlockNumber, bc.currentBlock.Hash())
+	chainlogger.Infof("Last block (#%d) %x TD=%v\n", bc.lastBlockNumber, bc.currentBlock.Hash(), bc.td)
 }
 
 // Block creation & chain handling
@@ -165,6 +180,9 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) NewBlock(coinbase []byte) *types.Block {
 		ethutil.BigPow(2, 32),
 		nil,
 		"")
+	block.SetUncles(nil)
+	block.SetTransactions(nil)
+	block.SetReceipts(nil)
 
 	parent := bc.currentBlock
 	if parent != nil {
@@ -183,7 +201,7 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) Reset() {
 	defer bc.mu.Unlock()
 
 	for block := bc.currentBlock; block != nil; block = bc.GetBlock(block.Header().ParentHash) {
-		ethutil.Config.Db.Delete(block.Hash())
+		bc.db.Delete(block.Hash())
 	}
 
 	// Prepare the genesis block
@@ -210,7 +228,7 @@ func (self *ChainManager) Export() []byte {
 
 func (bc *ChainManager) insert(block *types.Block) {
 	encodedBlock := ethutil.Encode(block)
-	ethutil.Config.Db.Put([]byte("LastBlock"), encodedBlock)
+	bc.db.Put([]byte("LastBlock"), encodedBlock)
 	bc.currentBlock = block
 	bc.lastBlockHash = block.Hash()
 }
@@ -218,8 +236,8 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) insert(block *types.Block) {
 func (bc *ChainManager) write(block *types.Block) {
 	bc.writeBlockInfo(block)
 
-	encodedBlock := ethutil.Encode(block)
-	ethutil.Config.Db.Put(block.Hash(), encodedBlock)
+	encodedBlock := ethutil.Encode(block.RlpDataForStorage())
+	bc.db.Put(block.Hash(), encodedBlock)
 }
 
 // Accessors
@@ -229,7 +247,7 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) Genesis() *types.Block {
 
 // Block fetching methods
 func (bc *ChainManager) HasBlock(hash []byte) bool {
-	data, _ := ethutil.Config.Db.Get(hash)
+	data, _ := bc.db.Get(hash)
 	return len(data) != 0
 }
 
@@ -241,20 +259,24 @@ func (self *ChainManager) GetBlockHashesFromHash(hash []byte, max uint64) (chain
 
 	// XXX Could be optimised by using a different database which only holds hashes (i.e., linked list)
 	for i := uint64(0); i < max; i++ {
-		chain = append(chain, block.Hash())
+		parentHash := block.Header().ParentHash
+		block = self.GetBlock(parentHash)
+		if block == nil {
+			chainlogger.Infof("GetBlockHashesFromHash Parent UNKNOWN %x\n", parentHash)
+			break
+		}
 
+		chain = append(chain, block.Hash())
 		if block.Header().Number.Cmp(ethutil.Big0) <= 0 {
 			break
 		}
-
-		block = self.GetBlock(block.Header().ParentHash)
 	}
 
 	return
 }
 
 func (self *ChainManager) GetBlock(hash []byte) *types.Block {
-	data, _ := ethutil.Config.Db.Get(hash)
+	data, _ := self.db.Get(hash)
 	if len(data) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -267,6 +289,28 @@ func (self *ChainManager) GetBlock(hash []byte) *types.Block {
 	return &block
 }
 
+func (self *ChainManager) GetUnclesInChain(block *types.Block, length int) (uncles []*types.Header) {
+	for i := 0; block != nil && i < length; i++ {
+		uncles = append(uncles, block.Uncles()...)
+		block = self.GetBlock(block.ParentHash())
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+func (self *ChainManager) GetAncestors(block *types.Block, length int) (blocks []*types.Block) {
+	for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
+		block = self.GetBlock(block.ParentHash())
+		if block == nil {
+			break
+		}
+
+		blocks = append(blocks, block)
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
 func (self *ChainManager) GetBlockByNumber(num uint64) *types.Block {
 	self.mu.RLock()
 	defer self.mu.RUnlock()
@@ -286,7 +330,7 @@ func (self *ChainManager) GetBlockByNumber(num uint64) *types.Block {
 }
 
 func (bc *ChainManager) setTotalDifficulty(td *big.Int) {
-	ethutil.Config.Db.Put([]byte("LTD"), td.Bytes())
+	bc.db.Put([]byte("LTD"), td.Bytes())
 	bc.td = td
 }
 
@@ -323,7 +367,7 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) Stop() {
 
 func (self *ChainManager) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) error {
 	for _, block := range chain {
-		td, messages, err := self.processor.Process(block)
+		td, err := self.processor.Process(block)
 		if err != nil {
 			if IsKnownBlockErr(err) {
 				continue
@@ -343,19 +387,19 @@ func (self *ChainManager) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) error {
 			cblock := self.currentBlock
 			if td.Cmp(self.td) > 0 {
 				if block.Header().Number.Cmp(new(big.Int).Add(cblock.Header().Number, ethutil.Big1)) < 0 {
-					chainlogger.Infof("Split detected. New head #%v (%x), was #%v (%x)\n", block.Header().Number, block.Hash()[:4], cblock.Header().Number, cblock.Hash()[:4])
+					chainlogger.Infof("Split detected. New head #%v (%x) TD=%v, was #%v (%x) TD=%v\n", block.Header().Number, block.Hash()[:4], td, cblock.Header().Number, cblock.Hash()[:4], self.td)
 				}
 
 				self.setTotalDifficulty(td)
 				self.insert(block)
-				self.transState = state.New(cblock.Trie().Copy())
-			}
+				self.transState = state.New(cblock.Root(), self.db) //state.New(cblock.Trie().Copy())
 
+				self.eventMux.Post(ChainEvent{block, td})
+			}
 		}
 		self.mu.Unlock()
 
 		self.eventMux.Post(NewBlockEvent{block})
-		self.eventMux.Post(messages)
 	}
 
 	return nil
diff --git a/core/chain_manager_test.go b/core/chain_manager_test.go
index 2ed3c6c9e..bc3a264d1 100644
--- a/core/chain_manager_test.go
+++ b/core/chain_manager_test.go
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package core
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path"
-	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"testing"
@@ -21,14 +21,6 @@ func init() {
 	ethutil.ReadConfig("/tmp/ethtest", "/tmp/ethtest", "ETH")
 }
 
-func reset() {
-	db, err := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic("Could not create mem-db, failing")
-	}
-	ethutil.Config.Db = db
-}
-
 func loadChain(fn string, t *testing.T) (types.Blocks, error) {
 	fh, err := os.OpenFile(path.Join(os.Getenv("GOPATH"), "src", "github.com", "ethereum", "go-ethereum", "_data", fn), os.O_RDONLY, os.ModePerm)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -54,7 +46,9 @@ func insertChain(done chan bool, chainMan *ChainManager, chain types.Blocks, t *
 }
 
 func TestChainInsertions(t *testing.T) {
-	reset()
+	t.Skip() // travil fails.
+
+	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
 
 	chain1, err := loadChain("valid1", t)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -69,9 +63,9 @@ func TestChainInsertions(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	var eventMux event.TypeMux
-	chainMan := NewChainManager(&eventMux)
+	chainMan := NewChainManager(db, &eventMux)
 	txPool := NewTxPool(&eventMux)
-	blockMan := NewBlockManager(txPool, chainMan, &eventMux)
+	blockMan := NewBlockProcessor(db, txPool, chainMan, &eventMux)
 	chainMan.SetProcessor(blockMan)
 
 	const max = 2
@@ -84,17 +78,19 @@ func TestChainInsertions(t *testing.T) {
 		<-done
 	}
 
-	if reflect.DeepEqual(chain2[len(chain2)-1], chainMan.CurrentBlock()) {
+	if bytes.Equal(chain2[len(chain2)-1].Hash(), chainMan.CurrentBlock().Hash()) {
 		t.Error("chain2 is canonical and shouldn't be")
 	}
 
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(chain1[len(chain1)-1], chainMan.CurrentBlock()) {
+	if !bytes.Equal(chain1[len(chain1)-1].Hash(), chainMan.CurrentBlock().Hash()) {
 		t.Error("chain1 isn't canonical and should be")
 	}
 }
 
 func TestChainMultipleInsertions(t *testing.T) {
-	reset()
+	t.Skip() // travil fails.
+
+	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
 
 	const max = 4
 	chains := make([]types.Blocks, max)
@@ -113,9 +109,9 @@ func TestChainMultipleInsertions(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 	var eventMux event.TypeMux
-	chainMan := NewChainManager(&eventMux)
+	chainMan := NewChainManager(db, &eventMux)
 	txPool := NewTxPool(&eventMux)
-	blockMan := NewBlockManager(txPool, chainMan, &eventMux)
+	blockMan := NewBlockProcessor(db, txPool, chainMan, &eventMux)
 	chainMan.SetProcessor(blockMan)
 	done := make(chan bool, max)
 	for i, chain := range chains {
@@ -132,7 +128,27 @@ func TestChainMultipleInsertions(t *testing.T) {
 		<-done
 	}
 
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(chains[longest][len(chains[longest])-1], chainMan.CurrentBlock()) {
+	if !bytes.Equal(chains[longest][len(chains[longest])-1].Hash(), chainMan.CurrentBlock().Hash()) {
 		t.Error("Invalid canonical chain")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestGetAncestors(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Skip() // travil fails.
+
+	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+	var eventMux event.TypeMux
+	chainMan := NewChainManager(db, &eventMux)
+	chain, err := loadChain("valid1", t)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		t.FailNow()
+	}
+
+	for _, block := range chain {
+		chainMan.write(block)
+	}
+
+	ancestors := chainMan.GetAncestors(chain[len(chain)-1], 4)
+	fmt.Println(ancestors)
+}
diff --git a/core/execution.go b/core/execution.go
index 43f4b58fb..5e0cbd37e 100644
--- a/core/execution.go
+++ b/core/execution.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vm"
 )
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ type Execution struct {
 	env               vm.Environment
 	address, input    []byte
 	Gas, price, value *big.Int
-	SkipTransfer      bool
 }
 
 func NewExecution(env vm.Environment, address, input []byte, gas, gasPrice, value *big.Int) *Execution {
@@ -33,24 +33,29 @@ func (self *Execution) Call(codeAddr []byte, caller vm.ContextRef) ([]byte, erro
 
 func (self *Execution) exec(code, contextAddr []byte, caller vm.ContextRef) (ret []byte, err error) {
 	env := self.env
-	evm := vm.New(env, vm.DebugVmTy)
-
+	evm := vm.NewVm(env)
 	if env.Depth() == vm.MaxCallDepth {
 		caller.ReturnGas(self.Gas, self.price)
 
 		return nil, vm.DepthError{}
 	}
 
+	vsnapshot := env.State().Copy()
+	if len(self.address) == 0 {
+		// Generate a new address
+		nonce := env.State().GetNonce(caller.Address())
+		self.address = crypto.CreateAddress(caller.Address(), nonce)
+		env.State().SetNonce(caller.Address(), nonce+1)
+	}
+
 	from, to := env.State().GetStateObject(caller.Address()), env.State().GetOrNewStateObject(self.address)
-	// Skipping transfer is used on testing for the initial call
-	if !self.SkipTransfer {
-		err = env.Transfer(from, to, self.value)
-		if err != nil {
-			caller.ReturnGas(self.Gas, self.price)
-
-			err = fmt.Errorf("Insufficient funds to transfer value. Req %v, has %v", self.value, from.Balance)
-			return
-		}
+	err = env.Transfer(from, to, self.value)
+	if err != nil {
+		env.State().Set(vsnapshot)
+
+		caller.ReturnGas(self.Gas, self.price)
+
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("insufficient funds to transfer value. Req %v, has %v", self.value, from.Balance())
 	}
 
 	snapshot := env.State().Copy()
diff --git a/core/filter.go b/core/filter.go
index 29be8841c..b93fcc8a5 100644
--- a/core/filter.go
+++ b/core/filter.go
@@ -3,10 +3,8 @@ package core
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"math"
-	"math/big"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 )
 
@@ -14,19 +12,30 @@ type AccountChange struct {
 	Address, StateAddress []byte
 }
 
+type FilterOptions struct {
+	Earliest int64
+	Latest   int64
+
+	Address []byte
+	Topics  [][]byte
+
+	Skip int
+	Max  int
+}
+
 // Filtering interface
 type Filter struct {
 	eth      EthManager
 	earliest int64
 	latest   int64
 	skip     int
-	from, to [][]byte
+	address  []byte
 	max      int
-
-	Altered []AccountChange
+	topics   [][]byte
 
 	BlockCallback   func(*types.Block)
-	MessageCallback func(state.Messages)
+	PendingCallback func(*types.Block)
+	LogsCallback    func(state.Logs)
 }
 
 // Create a new filter which uses a bloom filter on blocks to figure out whether a particular block
@@ -35,8 +44,14 @@ func NewFilter(eth EthManager) *Filter {
 	return &Filter{eth: eth}
 }
 
-func (self *Filter) AddAltered(address, stateAddress []byte) {
-	self.Altered = append(self.Altered, AccountChange{address, stateAddress})
+func (self *Filter) SetOptions(options FilterOptions) {
+	self.earliest = options.Earliest
+	self.latest = options.Latest
+	self.skip = options.Skip
+	self.max = options.Max
+	self.address = options.Address
+	self.topics = options.Topics
+
 }
 
 // Set the earliest and latest block for filtering.
@@ -50,20 +65,12 @@ func (self *Filter) SetLatestBlock(latest int64) {
 	self.latest = latest
 }
 
-func (self *Filter) SetFrom(addr [][]byte) {
-	self.from = addr
-}
-
-func (self *Filter) AddFrom(addr []byte) {
-	self.from = append(self.from, addr)
-}
-
-func (self *Filter) SetTo(addr [][]byte) {
-	self.to = addr
+func (self *Filter) SetAddress(addr []byte) {
+	self.address = addr
 }
 
-func (self *Filter) AddTo(addr []byte) {
-	self.to = append(self.to, addr)
+func (self *Filter) SetTopics(topics [][]byte) {
+	self.topics = topics
 }
 
 func (self *Filter) SetMax(max int) {
@@ -74,8 +81,8 @@ func (self *Filter) SetSkip(skip int) {
 	self.skip = skip
 }
 
-// Run filters messages with the current parameters set
-func (self *Filter) Find() []*state.Message {
+// Run filters logs with the current parameters set
+func (self *Filter) Find() state.Logs {
 	earliestBlock := self.eth.ChainManager().CurrentBlock()
 	var earliestBlockNo uint64 = uint64(self.earliest)
 	if self.earliest == -1 {
@@ -87,115 +94,84 @@ func (self *Filter) Find() []*state.Message {
 	}
 
 	var (
-		messages []*state.Message
-		block    = self.eth.ChainManager().GetBlockByNumber(latestBlockNo)
-		quit     bool
+		logs  state.Logs
+		block = self.eth.ChainManager().GetBlockByNumber(latestBlockNo)
+		quit  bool
 	)
 	for i := 0; !quit && block != nil; i++ {
 		// Quit on latest
 		switch {
 		case block.NumberU64() == earliestBlockNo, block.NumberU64() == 0:
 			quit = true
-		case self.max <= len(messages):
+		case self.max <= len(logs):
 			break
 		}
 
 		// Use bloom filtering to see if this block is interesting given the
 		// current parameters
 		if self.bloomFilter(block) {
-			// Get the messages of the block
-			msgs, err := self.eth.BlockProcessor().GetMessages(block)
+			// Get the logs of the block
+			logs, err := self.eth.BlockProcessor().GetLogs(block)
 			if err != nil {
-				chainlogger.Warnln("err: filter get messages ", err)
+				chainlogger.Warnln("err: filter get logs ", err)
 
 				break
 			}
 
-			messages = append(messages, self.FilterMessages(msgs)...)
+			logs = append(logs, self.FilterLogs(logs)...)
 		}
 
 		block = self.eth.ChainManager().GetBlock(block.ParentHash())
 	}
 
-	skip := int(math.Min(float64(len(messages)), float64(self.skip)))
+	skip := int(math.Min(float64(len(logs)), float64(self.skip)))
 
-	return messages[skip:]
+	return logs[skip:]
 }
 
-func includes(addresses [][]byte, a []byte) (found bool) {
+func includes(addresses [][]byte, a []byte) bool {
 	for _, addr := range addresses {
-		if bytes.Compare(addr, a) == 0 {
-			return true
+		if !bytes.Equal(addr, a) {
+			return false
 		}
 	}
 
-	return
+	return true
 }
 
-func (self *Filter) FilterMessages(msgs []*state.Message) []*state.Message {
-	var messages []*state.Message
+func (self *Filter) FilterLogs(logs state.Logs) state.Logs {
+	var ret state.Logs
 
-	// Filter the messages for interesting stuff
-	for _, message := range msgs {
-		if len(self.to) > 0 && !includes(self.to, message.To) {
+	// Filter the logs for interesting stuff
+Logs:
+	for _, log := range logs {
+		if !bytes.Equal(self.address, log.Address()) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if len(self.from) > 0 && !includes(self.from, message.From) {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		var match bool
-		if len(self.Altered) == 0 {
-			match = true
-		}
-
-		for _, accountChange := range self.Altered {
-			if len(accountChange.Address) > 0 && bytes.Compare(message.To, accountChange.Address) != 0 {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if len(accountChange.StateAddress) > 0 && !includes(message.ChangedAddresses, accountChange.StateAddress) {
-				continue
+		max := int(math.Min(float64(len(self.topics)), float64(len(log.Topics()))))
+		for i := 0; i < max; i++ {
+			if !bytes.Equal(log.Topics()[i], self.topics[i]) {
+				continue Logs
 			}
-
-			match = true
-			break
 		}
 
-		if !match {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		messages = append(messages, message)
+		ret = append(ret, log)
 	}
 
-	return messages
+	return ret
 }
 
 func (self *Filter) bloomFilter(block *types.Block) bool {
-	var fromIncluded, toIncluded bool
-	if len(self.from) > 0 {
-		for _, from := range self.from {
-			if types.BloomLookup(block.Bloom(), from) || bytes.Equal(block.Coinbase(), from) {
-				fromIncluded = true
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		fromIncluded = true
+	if len(self.address) > 0 && !types.BloomLookup(block.Bloom(), self.address) {
+		return false
 	}
 
-	if len(self.to) > 0 {
-		for _, to := range self.to {
-			if types.BloomLookup(block.Bloom(), ethutil.U256(new(big.Int).Add(ethutil.Big1, ethutil.BigD(to))).Bytes()) || bytes.Equal(block.Coinbase(), to) {
-				toIncluded = true
-				break
-			}
+	for _, topic := range self.topics {
+		if !types.BloomLookup(block.Bloom(), topic) {
+			return false
 		}
-	} else {
-		toIncluded = true
 	}
 
-	return fromIncluded && toIncluded
+	return true
 }
diff --git a/core/genesis.go b/core/genesis.go
index 10b40516f..c870ce61e 100644
--- a/core/genesis.go
+++ b/core/genesis.go
@@ -19,20 +19,21 @@ var ZeroHash512 = make([]byte, 64)
 var EmptyShaList = crypto.Sha3(ethutil.Encode([]interface{}{}))
 var EmptyListRoot = crypto.Sha3(ethutil.Encode(""))
 
-func GenesisBlock() *types.Block {
+func GenesisBlock(db ethutil.Database) *types.Block {
 	genesis := types.NewBlock(ZeroHash256, ZeroHash160, nil, big.NewInt(131072), crypto.Sha3(big.NewInt(42).Bytes()), "")
 	genesis.Header().Number = ethutil.Big0
 	genesis.Header().GasLimit = big.NewInt(1000000)
 	genesis.Header().GasUsed = ethutil.Big0
 	genesis.Header().Time = 0
+	genesis.Td = ethutil.Big0
 
 	genesis.SetUncles([]*types.Header{})
 	genesis.SetTransactions(types.Transactions{})
 	genesis.SetReceipts(types.Receipts{})
 
-	statedb := state.New(genesis.Trie())
+	statedb := state.New(genesis.Root(), db)
 	for _, addr := range []string{
-		"51ba59315b3a95761d0863b05ccc7a7f54703d99",
+		"dbdbdb2cbd23b783741e8d7fcf51e459b497e4a6",
 		"e4157b34ea9615cfbde6b4fda419828124b70c78",
 		"b9c015918bdaba24b4ff057a92a3873d6eb201be",
 		"6c386a4b26f73c802f34673f7248bb118f97424a",
diff --git a/core/helper_test.go b/core/helper_test.go
index b8bf254d7..473576e3f 100644
--- a/core/helper_test.go
+++ b/core/helper_test.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p"
 )
 
 // Implement our EthTest Manager
@@ -54,13 +53,6 @@ func (tm *TestManager) TxPool() *TxPool {
 func (tm *TestManager) EventMux() *event.TypeMux {
 	return tm.eventMux
 }
-func (tm *TestManager) Broadcast(msgType p2p.Msg, data []interface{}) {
-	fmt.Println("Broadcast not implemented")
-}
-
-func (tm *TestManager) ClientIdentity() p2p.ClientIdentity {
-	return nil
-}
 func (tm *TestManager) KeyManager() *crypto.KeyManager {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -77,7 +69,6 @@ func NewTestManager() *TestManager {
 		fmt.Println("Could not create mem-db, failing")
 		return nil
 	}
-	ethutil.Config.Db = db
 
 	testManager := &TestManager{}
 	testManager.eventMux = new(event.TypeMux)
diff --git a/core/manager.go b/core/manager.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f960fc5f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/manager.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package core
+
+import (
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p"
+)
+
+type EthManager interface {
+	BlockProcessor() *BlockProcessor
+	ChainManager() *ChainManager
+	TxPool() *TxPool
+	PeerCount() int
+	IsMining() bool
+	IsListening() bool
+	Peers() []*p2p.Peer
+	KeyManager() *crypto.KeyManager
+	Db() ethutil.Database
+	EventMux() *event.TypeMux
+}
diff --git a/core/state_transition.go b/core/state_transition.go
index b22c5bf21..33dd45f02 100644
--- a/core/state_transition.go
+++ b/core/state_transition.go
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vm"
 )
 
+const tryJit = false
+
 /*
  * The State transitioning model
  *
@@ -184,6 +186,7 @@ func (self *StateTransition) TransitionState() (ret []byte, err error) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	//stateCopy := self.env.State().Copy()
 	vmenv := self.env
 	var ref vm.ContextRef
 	if MessageCreatesContract(msg) {
@@ -192,13 +195,38 @@ func (self *StateTransition) TransitionState() (ret []byte, err error) {
 		if err == nil {
 			dataGas := big.NewInt(int64(len(ret)))
 			dataGas.Mul(dataGas, vm.GasCreateByte)
-			if err = self.UseGas(dataGas); err == nil {
-				//self.state.SetCode(ref.Address(), ret)
+			if err := self.UseGas(dataGas); err == nil {
 				ref.SetCode(ret)
 			}
 		}
+
+		/*
+			if vmenv, ok := vmenv.(*VMEnv); ok && tryJit {
+				statelogger.Infof("CREATE: re-running using JIT (PH=%x)\n", stateCopy.Root()[:4])
+				// re-run using the JIT (validation for the JIT)
+				goodState := vmenv.State().Copy()
+				vmenv.state = stateCopy
+				vmenv.SetVmType(vm.JitVmTy)
+				vmenv.Create(sender, contract.Address(), self.msg.Data(), self.gas, self.gasPrice, self.value)
+				statelogger.Infof("DONE PH=%x STD_H=%x JIT_H=%x\n", stateCopy.Root()[:4], goodState.Root()[:4], vmenv.State().Root()[:4])
+				self.state.Set(goodState)
+			}
+		*/
 	} else {
 		ret, err = vmenv.Call(self.From(), self.To().Address(), self.msg.Data(), self.gas, self.gasPrice, self.value)
+
+		/*
+			if vmenv, ok := vmenv.(*VMEnv); ok && tryJit {
+				statelogger.Infof("CALL: re-running using JIT (PH=%x)\n", stateCopy.Root()[:4])
+				// re-run using the JIT (validation for the JIT)
+				goodState := vmenv.State().Copy()
+				vmenv.state = stateCopy
+				vmenv.SetVmType(vm.JitVmTy)
+				vmenv.Call(self.From(), self.To().Address(), self.msg.Data(), self.gas, self.gasPrice, self.value)
+				statelogger.Infof("DONE PH=%x STD_H=%x JIT_H=%x\n", stateCopy.Root()[:4], goodState.Root()[:4], vmenv.State().Root()[:4])
+				self.state.Set(goodState)
+			}
+		*/
 	}
 
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/core/transaction_pool.go b/core/transaction_pool.go
index ff6c21aa9..7a901fcae 100644
--- a/core/transaction_pool.go
+++ b/core/transaction_pool.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package core
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
@@ -9,7 +10,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 )
 
-var txplogger = logger.NewLogger("TXP")
+var (
+	txplogger = logger.NewLogger("TXP")
+
+	ErrInvalidSender = errors.New("Invalid sender")
+)
 
 const txPoolQueueSize = 50
 
@@ -56,31 +61,27 @@ func NewTxPool(eventMux *event.TypeMux) *TxPool {
 }
 
 func (pool *TxPool) ValidateTransaction(tx *types.Transaction) error {
-	hash := tx.Hash()
-	if pool.txs[string(hash)] != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Known transaction (%x)", hash[0:4])
-	}
-
 	if len(tx.To()) != 0 && len(tx.To()) != 20 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid recipient. len = %d", len(tx.To()))
 	}
 
+	// Validate curve param
 	v, _, _ := tx.Curve()
 	if v > 28 || v < 27 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("tx.v != (28 || 27) => %v", v)
 	}
 
+	// Validate sender address
+	senderAddr := tx.From()
+	if senderAddr == nil || len(senderAddr) != 20 {
+		return ErrInvalidSender
+	}
+
 	/* XXX this kind of validation needs to happen elsewhere in the gui when sending txs.
 	   Other clients should do their own validation. Value transfer could throw error
 	   but doesn't necessarily invalidate the tx. Gas can still be payed for and miner
 	   can still be rewarded for their inclusion and processing.
-	// Get the sender
-	senderAddr := tx.From()
-	if senderAddr == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid sender")
-	}
 	sender := pool.stateQuery.GetAccount(senderAddr)
-
 	totAmount := new(big.Int).Set(tx.Value())
 	// Make sure there's enough in the sender's account. Having insufficient
 	// funds won't invalidate this transaction but simple ignores it.
@@ -97,6 +98,10 @@ func (self *TxPool) addTx(tx *types.Transaction) {
 }
 
 func (self *TxPool) Add(tx *types.Transaction) error {
+	if self.txs[string(tx.Hash())] != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Known transaction (%x)", tx.Hash()[0:4])
+	}
+
 	err := self.ValidateTransaction(tx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -149,6 +154,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) RemoveInvalid(query StateQuery) {
 	for _, tx := range pool.txs {
 		sender := query.GetAccount(tx.From())
 		err := pool.ValidateTransaction(tx)
+		fmt.Println(err, sender.Nonce, tx.Nonce())
 		if err != nil || sender.Nonce >= tx.Nonce() {
 			removedTxs = append(removedTxs, tx)
 		}
diff --git a/core/transaction_pool_test.go b/core/transaction_pool_test.go
index e77d7a1ae..b2d981f01 100644
--- a/core/transaction_pool_test.go
+++ b/core/transaction_pool_test.go
@@ -6,16 +6,22 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 )
 
 // State query interface
-type stateQuery struct{}
+type stateQuery struct{ db ethutil.Database }
+
+func SQ() stateQuery {
+	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+	return stateQuery{db: db}
+}
 
 func (self stateQuery) GetAccount(addr []byte) *state.StateObject {
-	return state.NewStateObject(addr)
+	return state.NewStateObject(addr, self.db)
 }
 
 func transaction() *types.Transaction {
@@ -55,7 +61,7 @@ func TestAddInvalidTx(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRemoveSet(t *testing.T) {
 	pool, _ := setup()
 	tx1 := transaction()
-	pool.pool.Add(tx1)
+	pool.addTx(tx1)
 	pool.RemoveSet(types.Transactions{tx1})
 	if pool.Size() > 0 {
 		t.Error("expected pool size to be 0")
@@ -65,17 +71,27 @@ func TestRemoveSet(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRemoveInvalid(t *testing.T) {
 	pool, key := setup()
 	tx1 := transaction()
-	pool.pool.Add(tx1)
-	pool.RemoveInvalid(stateQuery{})
+	pool.addTx(tx1)
+	pool.RemoveInvalid(SQ())
 	if pool.Size() > 0 {
 		t.Error("expected pool size to be 0")
 	}
 
 	tx1.SetNonce(1)
 	tx1.SignECDSA(key)
-	pool.pool.Add(tx1)
-	pool.RemoveInvalid(stateQuery{})
+	pool.addTx(tx1)
+	pool.RemoveInvalid(SQ())
 	if pool.Size() != 1 {
 		t.Error("expected pool size to be 1, is", pool.Size())
 	}
 }
+
+func TestInvalidSender(t *testing.T) {
+	pool, _ := setup()
+	tx := new(types.Transaction)
+	tx.V = 28
+	err := pool.ValidateTransaction(tx)
+	if err != ErrInvalidSender {
+		t.Error("expected %v, got %v", ErrInvalidSender, err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/core/types/block.go b/core/types/block.go
index 7e19d003f..a334c512e 100644
--- a/core/types/block.go
+++ b/core/types/block.go
@@ -6,12 +6,9 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 	"sort"
 	"time"
-
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ptrie"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 )
 
 type Header struct {
@@ -148,6 +145,10 @@ func (self *Block) SetTransactions(transactions Transactions) {
 	self.transactions = transactions
 	self.header.TxHash = DeriveSha(transactions)
 }
+func (self *Block) AddTransaction(transaction *Transaction) {
+	self.transactions = append(self.transactions, transaction)
+	self.SetTransactions(self.transactions)
+}
 
 func (self *Block) Receipts() Receipts {
 	return self.receipts
@@ -158,6 +159,10 @@ func (self *Block) SetReceipts(receipts Receipts) {
 	self.header.ReceiptHash = DeriveSha(receipts)
 	self.header.Bloom = CreateBloom(receipts)
 }
+func (self *Block) AddReceipt(receipt *Receipt) {
+	self.receipts = append(self.receipts, receipt)
+	self.SetReceipts(self.receipts)
+}
 
 func (self *Block) RlpData() interface{} {
 	return []interface{}{self.header, self.transactions, self.uncles}
@@ -175,9 +180,8 @@ func (self *Block) Coinbase() []byte          { return self.header.Coinbase }
 func (self *Block) Time() int64               { return int64(self.header.Time) }
 func (self *Block) GasLimit() *big.Int        { return self.header.GasLimit }
 func (self *Block) GasUsed() *big.Int         { return self.header.GasUsed }
-func (self *Block) Trie() *ptrie.Trie         { return ptrie.New(self.header.Root, ethutil.Config.Db) }
+func (self *Block) Root() []byte              { return self.header.Root }
 func (self *Block) SetRoot(root []byte)       { self.header.Root = root }
-func (self *Block) State() *state.StateDB     { return state.New(self.Trie()) }
 func (self *Block) Size() ethutil.StorageSize { return ethutil.StorageSize(len(ethutil.Encode(self))) }
 
 // Implement pow.Block
diff --git a/core/types/common.go b/core/types/common.go
index ba88b77e1..795374959 100644
--- a/core/types/common.go
+++ b/core/types/common.go
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 package types
 
-import (
-	"math/big"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
-)
+import "math/big"
 
 type BlockProcessor interface {
-	Process(*Block) (*big.Int, state.Messages, error)
+	Process(*Block) (*big.Int, error)
 }
diff --git a/core/types/derive_sha.go b/core/types/derive_sha.go
index 0beb19670..b2c442210 100644
--- a/core/types/derive_sha.go
+++ b/core/types/derive_sha.go
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 package types
 
 import (
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ptrie"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 )
 
 type DerivableList interface {
@@ -11,7 +12,8 @@ type DerivableList interface {
 }
 
 func DeriveSha(list DerivableList) []byte {
-	trie := ptrie.New(nil, ethutil.Config.Db)
+	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+	trie := trie.New(nil, db)
 	for i := 0; i < list.Len(); i++ {
 		trie.Update(ethutil.Encode(i), list.GetRlp(i))
 	}
diff --git a/core/types/transaction.go b/core/types/transaction.go
index 83d76648f..7a1d6104e 100644
--- a/core/types/transaction.go
+++ b/core/types/transaction.go
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/secp256k1"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
-	"github.com/obscuren/secp256k1-go"
 )
 
 func IsContractAddr(addr []byte) bool {
diff --git a/core/vm_env.go b/core/vm_env.go
index 624a63333..c7491bcdc 100644
--- a/core/vm_env.go
+++ b/core/vm_env.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ type VMEnv struct {
 	msg   Message
 	depth int
 	chain *ChainManager
+	typ   vm.Type
 }
 
 func NewEnv(state *state.StateDB, chain *ChainManager, msg Message, block *types.Block) *VMEnv {
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ func NewEnv(state *state.StateDB, chain *ChainManager, msg Message, block *types
 		state: state,
 		block: block,
 		msg:   msg,
+		typ:   vm.StdVmTy,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -35,6 +37,8 @@ func (self *VMEnv) Value() *big.Int       { return self.msg.Value() }
 func (self *VMEnv) State() *state.StateDB { return self.state }
 func (self *VMEnv) Depth() int            { return self.depth }
 func (self *VMEnv) SetDepth(i int)        { self.depth = i }
+func (self *VMEnv) VmType() vm.Type       { return self.typ }
+func (self *VMEnv) SetVmType(t vm.Type)   { self.typ = t }
 func (self *VMEnv) GetHash(n uint64) []byte {
 	if block := self.chain.GetBlockByNumber(n); block != nil {
 		return block.Hash()