path: root/core/block_validator.go

// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package core

import (
    "fmt"
    "math/big"

    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
)

// BlockValidator is responsible for validating block headers, uncles and
// processed state.
//
// BlockValidator implements Validator.
type BlockValidator struct {
    config *params.ChainConfig // Chain configuration options
    bc     *BlockChain         // Canonical block chain
    engine consensus.Engine    // Consensus engine used for validating
}

// NewBlockValidator returns a new block validator which is safe for re-use
func NewBlockValidator(config *params.ChainConfig, blockchain *BlockChain, engine consensus.Engine) *BlockValidator {
    validator := &BlockValidator{
        config: config,
        engine: engine,
        bc:     blockchain,
    }
    return validator
}

// ValidateBody validates the given block's uncles and verifies the the block
// header's transaction and uncle roots. The headers are assumed to be already
// validated at this point.
func (v *BlockValidator) ValidateBody(block *types.Block) error {
    // Check whether the block's known, and if not, that it's linkable
    if v.bc.HasBlock(block.Hash()) {
        if _, err := state.New(block.Root(), v.bc.chainDb); err == nil {
            return ErrKnownBlock
        }
    }
    parent := v.bc.GetBlock(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
    if parent == nil {
        return consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
    }
    if _, err := state.New(parent.Root(), v.bc.chainDb); err != nil {
        return consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
    }
    // Header validity is known at this point, check the uncles and transactions
    header := block.Header()
    if err := v.engine.VerifyUncles(v.bc, block); err != nil {
        return err
    }
    if hash := types.CalcUncleHash(block.Uncles()); hash != header.UncleHash {
        return fmt.Errorf("uncle root hash mismatch: have %x, want %x", hash, header.UncleHash)
    }
    if hash := types.DeriveSha(block.Transactions()); hash != header.TxHash {
        return fmt.Errorf("transaction root hash mismatch: have %x, want %x", hash, header.TxHash)
    }
    return nil
}

// ValidateState validates the various changes that happen after a state
// transition, such as amount of used gas, the receipt roots and the state root
// itself. ValidateState returns a database batch if the validation was a success
// otherwise nil and an error is returned.
func (v *BlockValidator) ValidateState(block, parent *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, receipts types.Receipts, usedGas *big.Int) error {
    header := block.Header()
    if block.GasUsed().Cmp(usedGas) != 0 {
        return fmt.Errorf("invalid gas used (remote: %v local: %v)", block.GasUsed(), usedGas)
    }
    // Validate the received block's bloom with the one derived from the generated receipts.
    // For valid blocks this should always validate to true.
    rbloom := types.CreateBloom(receipts)
    if rbloom != header.Bloom {
        return fmt.Errorf("invalid bloom (remote: %x  local: %x)", header.Bloom, rbloom)
    }
    // Tre receipt Trie's root (R = (Tr [[H1, R1], ... [Hn, R1]]))
    receiptSha := types.DeriveSha(receipts)
    if receiptSha != header.ReceiptHash {
        return fmt.Errorf("invalid receipt root hash (remote: %x local: %x)", header.ReceiptHash, receiptSha)
    }
    // Validate the state root against the received state root and throw
    // an error if they don't match.
    if root := statedb.IntermediateRoot(v.config.IsEIP158(header.Number)); header.Root != root {
        return fmt.Errorf("invalid merkle root (remote: %x local: %x)", header.Root, root)
    }
    return nil
}

// CalcGasLimit computes the gas limit of the next block after parent.
// The result may be modified by the caller.
// This is miner strategy, not consensus protocol.
func CalcGasLimit(parent *types.Block) *big.Int {
    // contrib = (parentGasUsed * 3 / 2) / 1024
    contrib := new(big.Int).Mul(parent.GasUsed(), big.NewInt(3))
    contrib = contrib.Div(contrib, big.NewInt(2))
    contrib = contrib.Div(contrib, params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)

    // decay = parentGasLimit / 1024 -1
    decay := new(big.Int).Div(parent.GasLimit(), params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)
    decay.Sub(decay, big.NewInt(1))

    /*
        strategy: gasLimit of block-to-mine is set based on parent's
        gasUsed value.  if parentGasUsed > parentGasLimit * (2/3) then we
        increase it, otherwise lower it (or leave it unchanged if it's right
        at that usage) the amount increased/decreased depends on how far away
        from parentGasLimit * (2/3) parentGasUsed is.
    */
    gl := new(big.Int).Sub(parent.GasLimit(), decay)
    gl = gl.Add(gl, contrib)
    gl.Set(math.BigMax(gl, params.MinGasLimit))

    // however, if we're now below the target (TargetGasLimit) we increase the
    // limit as much as we can (parentGasLimit / 1024 -1)
    if gl.Cmp(params.TargetGasLimit) < 0 {
        gl.Add(parent.GasLimit(), decay)
        gl.Set(math.BigMin(gl, params.TargetGasLimit))
    }
    return gl
}