Merge pull request #2562 from ethereum/addGnosisTestContracts

Gnosis compilation contracts.

33 files changed, 3303 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Events/CategoricalEvent.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Events/CategoricalEvent.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fbd1d744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Events/CategoricalEvent.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Events/Event.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Categorical event contract - Categorical events resolve to an outcome from a set of outcomes
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract CategoricalEvent is Event {
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Contract constructor validates and sets basic event properties
+    /// @param _collateralToken Tokens used as collateral in exchange for outcome tokens
+    /// @param _oracle Oracle contract used to resolve the event
+    /// @param outcomeCount Number of event outcomes
+    function CategoricalEvent(
+        Token _collateralToken,
+        Oracle _oracle,
+        uint8 outcomeCount
+    )
+        public
+        Event(_collateralToken, _oracle, outcomeCount)
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Exchanges sender's winning outcome tokens for collateral tokens
+    /// @return Sender's winnings
+    function redeemWinnings()
+        public
+        returns (uint winnings)
+    {
+        // Winning outcome has to be set
+        require(isOutcomeSet);
+        // Calculate winnings
+        winnings = outcomeTokens[uint(outcome)].balanceOf(msg.sender);
+        // Revoke tokens from winning outcome
+        outcomeTokens[uint(outcome)].revoke(msg.sender, winnings);
+        // Payout winnings
+        require(collateralToken.transfer(msg.sender, winnings));
+        WinningsRedemption(msg.sender, winnings);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Calculates and returns event hash
+    /// @return Event hash
+    function getEventHash()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bytes32)
+    {
+        return keccak256(collateralToken, oracle, outcomeTokens.length);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Events/Event.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Events/Event.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9aa257c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Events/Event.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Tokens/Token.sol";
+import "../Tokens/OutcomeToken.sol";
+import "../Oracles/Oracle.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Event contract - Provide basic functionality required by different event types
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract Event {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event OutcomeTokenCreation(OutcomeToken outcomeToken, uint8 index);
+    event OutcomeTokenSetIssuance(address indexed buyer, uint collateralTokenCount);
+    event OutcomeTokenSetRevocation(address indexed seller, uint outcomeTokenCount);
+    event OutcomeAssignment(int outcome);
+    event WinningsRedemption(address indexed receiver, uint winnings);
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    Token public collateralToken;
+    Oracle public oracle;
+    bool public isOutcomeSet;
+    int public outcome;
+    OutcomeToken[] public outcomeTokens;
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Contract constructor validates and sets basic event properties
+    /// @param _collateralToken Tokens used as collateral in exchange for outcome tokens
+    /// @param _oracle Oracle contract used to resolve the event
+    /// @param outcomeCount Number of event outcomes
+    function Event(Token _collateralToken, Oracle _oracle, uint8 outcomeCount)
+        public
+    {
+        // Validate input
+        require(address(_collateralToken) != 0 && address(_oracle) != 0 && outcomeCount >= 2);
+        collateralToken = _collateralToken;
+        oracle = _oracle;
+        // Create an outcome token for each outcome
+        for (uint8 i = 0; i < outcomeCount; i++) {
+            OutcomeToken outcomeToken = new OutcomeToken();
+            outcomeTokens.push(outcomeToken);
+            OutcomeTokenCreation(outcomeToken, i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Buys equal number of tokens of all outcomes, exchanging collateral tokens and sets of outcome tokens 1:1
+    /// @param collateralTokenCount Number of collateral tokens
+    function buyAllOutcomes(uint collateralTokenCount)
+        public
+    {
+        // Transfer collateral tokens to events contract
+        require(collateralToken.transferFrom(msg.sender, this, collateralTokenCount));
+        // Issue new outcome tokens to sender
+        for (uint8 i = 0; i < outcomeTokens.length; i++)
+            outcomeTokens[i].issue(msg.sender, collateralTokenCount);
+        OutcomeTokenSetIssuance(msg.sender, collateralTokenCount);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Sells equal number of tokens of all outcomes, exchanging collateral tokens and sets of outcome tokens 1:1
+    /// @param outcomeTokenCount Number of outcome tokens
+    function sellAllOutcomes(uint outcomeTokenCount)
+        public
+    {
+        // Revoke sender's outcome tokens of all outcomes
+        for (uint8 i = 0; i < outcomeTokens.length; i++)
+            outcomeTokens[i].revoke(msg.sender, outcomeTokenCount);
+        // Transfer collateral tokens to sender
+        require(collateralToken.transfer(msg.sender, outcomeTokenCount));
+        OutcomeTokenSetRevocation(msg.sender, outcomeTokenCount);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Sets winning event outcome
+    function setOutcome()
+        public
+    {
+        // Winning outcome is not set yet in event contract but in oracle contract
+        require(!isOutcomeSet && oracle.isOutcomeSet());
+        // Set winning outcome
+        outcome = oracle.getOutcome();
+        isOutcomeSet = true;
+        OutcomeAssignment(outcome);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns outcome count
+    /// @return Outcome count
+    function getOutcomeCount()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (uint8)
+    {
+        return uint8(outcomeTokens.length);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns outcome tokens array
+    /// @return Outcome tokens
+    function getOutcomeTokens()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (OutcomeToken[])
+    {
+        return outcomeTokens;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns the amount of outcome tokens held by owner
+    /// @return Outcome token distribution
+    function getOutcomeTokenDistribution(address owner)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (uint[] outcomeTokenDistribution)
+    {
+        outcomeTokenDistribution = new uint[](outcomeTokens.length);
+        for (uint8 i = 0; i < outcomeTokenDistribution.length; i++)
+            outcomeTokenDistribution[i] = outcomeTokens[i].balanceOf(owner);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Calculates and returns event hash
+    /// @return Event hash
+    function getEventHash() public constant returns (bytes32);
+
+    /// @dev Exchanges sender's winning outcome tokens for collateral tokens
+    /// @return Sender's winnings
+    function redeemWinnings() public returns (uint);
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Events/EventFactory.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Events/EventFactory.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dfb1a579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Events/EventFactory.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Events/CategoricalEvent.sol";
+import "../Events/ScalarEvent.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Event factory contract - Allows creation of categorical and scalar events
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract EventFactory {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event CategoricalEventCreation(address indexed creator, CategoricalEvent categoricalEvent, Token collateralToken, Oracle oracle, uint8 outcomeCount);
+    event ScalarEventCreation(address indexed creator, ScalarEvent scalarEvent, Token collateralToken, Oracle oracle, int lowerBound, int upperBound);
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    mapping (bytes32 => CategoricalEvent) public categoricalEvents;
+    mapping (bytes32 => ScalarEvent) public scalarEvents;
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Creates a new categorical event and adds it to the event mapping
+    /// @param collateralToken Tokens used as collateral in exchange for outcome tokens
+    /// @param oracle Oracle contract used to resolve the event
+    /// @param outcomeCount Number of event outcomes
+    /// @return Event contract
+    function createCategoricalEvent(
+        Token collateralToken,
+        Oracle oracle,
+        uint8 outcomeCount
+    )
+        public
+        returns (CategoricalEvent eventContract)
+    {
+        bytes32 eventHash = keccak256(collateralToken, oracle, outcomeCount);
+        // Event should not exist yet
+        require(address(categoricalEvents[eventHash]) == 0);
+        // Create event
+        eventContract = new CategoricalEvent(
+            collateralToken,
+            oracle,
+            outcomeCount
+        );
+        categoricalEvents[eventHash] = eventContract;
+        CategoricalEventCreation(msg.sender, eventContract, collateralToken, oracle, outcomeCount);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Creates a new scalar event and adds it to the event mapping
+    /// @param collateralToken Tokens used as collateral in exchange for outcome tokens
+    /// @param oracle Oracle contract used to resolve the event
+    /// @param lowerBound Lower bound for event outcome
+    /// @param upperBound Lower bound for event outcome
+    /// @return Event contract
+    function createScalarEvent(
+        Token collateralToken,
+        Oracle oracle,
+        int lowerBound,
+        int upperBound
+    )
+        public
+        returns (ScalarEvent eventContract)
+    {
+        bytes32 eventHash = keccak256(collateralToken, oracle, lowerBound, upperBound);
+        // Event should not exist yet
+        require(address(scalarEvents[eventHash]) == 0);
+        // Create event
+        eventContract = new ScalarEvent(
+            collateralToken,
+            oracle,
+            lowerBound,
+            upperBound
+        );
+        scalarEvents[eventHash] = eventContract;
+        ScalarEventCreation(msg.sender, eventContract, collateralToken, oracle, lowerBound, upperBound);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Events/ScalarEvent.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Events/ScalarEvent.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e5718ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Events/ScalarEvent.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Events/Event.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Scalar event contract - Scalar events resolve to a number within a range
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract ScalarEvent is Event {
+    using Math for *;
+
+    /*
+     *  Constants
+     */
+    uint8 public constant SHORT = 0;
+    uint8 public constant LONG = 1;
+    uint24 public constant OUTCOME_RANGE = 1000000;
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    int public lowerBound;
+    int public upperBound;
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Contract constructor validates and sets basic event properties
+    /// @param _collateralToken Tokens used as collateral in exchange for outcome tokens
+    /// @param _oracle Oracle contract used to resolve the event
+    /// @param _lowerBound Lower bound for event outcome
+    /// @param _upperBound Lower bound for event outcome
+    function ScalarEvent(
+        Token _collateralToken,
+        Oracle _oracle,
+        int _lowerBound,
+        int _upperBound
+    )
+        public
+        Event(_collateralToken, _oracle, 2)
+    {
+        // Validate bounds
+        require(_upperBound > _lowerBound);
+        lowerBound = _lowerBound;
+        upperBound = _upperBound;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Exchanges sender's winning outcome tokens for collateral tokens
+    /// @return Sender's winnings
+    function redeemWinnings()
+        public
+        returns (uint winnings)
+    {
+        // Winning outcome has to be set
+        require(isOutcomeSet);
+        // Calculate winnings
+        uint24 convertedWinningOutcome;
+        // Outcome is lower than defined lower bound
+        if (outcome < lowerBound)
+            convertedWinningOutcome = 0;
+        // Outcome is higher than defined upper bound
+        else if (outcome > upperBound)
+            convertedWinningOutcome = OUTCOME_RANGE;
+        // Map outcome to outcome range
+        else
+            convertedWinningOutcome = uint24(OUTCOME_RANGE * (outcome - lowerBound) / (upperBound - lowerBound));
+        uint factorShort = OUTCOME_RANGE - convertedWinningOutcome;
+        uint factorLong = OUTCOME_RANGE - factorShort;
+        uint shortOutcomeTokenCount = outcomeTokens[SHORT].balanceOf(msg.sender);
+        uint longOutcomeTokenCount = outcomeTokens[LONG].balanceOf(msg.sender);
+        winnings = shortOutcomeTokenCount.mul(factorShort).add(longOutcomeTokenCount.mul(factorLong)) / OUTCOME_RANGE;
+        // Revoke all outcome tokens
+        outcomeTokens[SHORT].revoke(msg.sender, shortOutcomeTokenCount);
+        outcomeTokens[LONG].revoke(msg.sender, longOutcomeTokenCount);
+        // Payout winnings to sender
+        require(collateralToken.transfer(msg.sender, winnings));
+        WinningsRedemption(msg.sender, winnings);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Calculates and returns event hash
+    /// @return Event hash
+    function getEventHash()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bytes32)
+    {
+        return keccak256(collateralToken, oracle, lowerBound, upperBound);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/LICENSE b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f2001b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/MarketMakers/LMSRMarketMaker.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/MarketMakers/LMSRMarketMaker.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1529129d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/MarketMakers/LMSRMarketMaker.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Utils/Math.sol";
+import "../MarketMakers/MarketMaker.sol";
+
+
+/// @title LMSR market maker contract - Calculates share prices based on share distribution and initial funding
+/// @author Alan Lu - <alan.lu@gnosis.pm>
+contract LMSRMarketMaker is MarketMaker {
+    using Math for *;
+
+    /*
+     *  Constants
+     */
+    uint constant ONE = 0x10000000000000000;
+    int constant EXP_LIMIT = 2352680790717288641401;
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Returns cost to buy given number of outcome tokens
+    /// @param market Market contract
+    /// @param outcomeTokenIndex Index of outcome to buy
+    /// @param outcomeTokenCount Number of outcome tokens to buy
+    /// @return Cost
+    function calcCost(Market market, uint8 outcomeTokenIndex, uint outcomeTokenCount)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (uint cost)
+    {
+        require(market.eventContract().getOutcomeCount() > 1);
+        int[] memory netOutcomeTokensSold = getNetOutcomeTokensSold(market);
+        // Calculate cost level based on net outcome token balances
+        int logN = Math.ln(netOutcomeTokensSold.length * ONE);
+        uint funding = market.funding();
+        int costLevelBefore = calcCostLevel(logN, netOutcomeTokensSold, funding);
+        // Add outcome token count to net outcome token balance
+        require(int(outcomeTokenCount) >= 0);
+        netOutcomeTokensSold[outcomeTokenIndex] = netOutcomeTokensSold[outcomeTokenIndex].add(int(outcomeTokenCount));
+        // Calculate cost level after balance was updated
+        int costLevelAfter = calcCostLevel(logN, netOutcomeTokensSold, funding);
+        // Calculate cost as cost level difference
+        require(costLevelAfter >= costLevelBefore);
+        cost = uint(costLevelAfter - costLevelBefore);
+        // Take the ceiling to account for rounding
+        if (cost / ONE * ONE == cost)
+            cost /= ONE;
+        else
+            // Integer division by ONE ensures there is room to (+ 1)
+            cost = cost / ONE + 1;
+        // Make sure cost is not bigger than 1 per share
+        if (cost > outcomeTokenCount)
+            cost = outcomeTokenCount;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns profit for selling given number of outcome tokens
+    /// @param market Market contract
+    /// @param outcomeTokenIndex Index of outcome to sell
+    /// @param outcomeTokenCount Number of outcome tokens to sell
+    /// @return Profit
+    function calcProfit(Market market, uint8 outcomeTokenIndex, uint outcomeTokenCount)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (uint profit)
+    {
+        require(market.eventContract().getOutcomeCount() > 1);
+        int[] memory netOutcomeTokensSold = getNetOutcomeTokensSold(market);
+        // Calculate cost level based on net outcome token balances
+        int logN = Math.ln(netOutcomeTokensSold.length * ONE);
+        uint funding = market.funding();
+        int costLevelBefore = calcCostLevel(logN, netOutcomeTokensSold, funding);
+        // Subtract outcome token count from the net outcome token balance
+        require(int(outcomeTokenCount) >= 0);
+        netOutcomeTokensSold[outcomeTokenIndex] = netOutcomeTokensSold[outcomeTokenIndex].sub(int(outcomeTokenCount));
+        // Calculate cost level after balance was updated
+        int costLevelAfter = calcCostLevel(logN, netOutcomeTokensSold, funding);
+        // Calculate profit as cost level difference
+        require(costLevelBefore >= costLevelAfter);
+        // Take the floor
+        profit = uint(costLevelBefore - costLevelAfter) / ONE;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns marginal price of an outcome
+    /// @param market Market contract
+    /// @param outcomeTokenIndex Index of outcome to determine marginal price of
+    /// @return Marginal price of an outcome as a fixed point number
+    function calcMarginalPrice(Market market, uint8 outcomeTokenIndex)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (uint price)
+    {
+        require(market.eventContract().getOutcomeCount() > 1);
+        int[] memory netOutcomeTokensSold = getNetOutcomeTokensSold(market);
+        int logN = Math.ln(netOutcomeTokensSold.length * ONE);
+        uint funding = market.funding();
+        // The price function is exp(quantities[i]/b) / sum(exp(q/b) for q in quantities)
+        // To avoid overflow, calculate with
+        // exp(quantities[i]/b - offset) / sum(exp(q/b - offset) for q in quantities)
+        var (sum, , outcomeExpTerm) = sumExpOffset(logN, netOutcomeTokensSold, funding, outcomeTokenIndex);
+        return outcomeExpTerm / (sum / ONE);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     *  Private functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Calculates the result of the LMSR cost function which is used to
+    ///      derive prices from the market state
+    /// @param logN Logarithm of the number of outcomes
+    /// @param netOutcomeTokensSold Net outcome tokens sold by market
+    /// @param funding Initial funding for market
+    /// @return Cost level
+    function calcCostLevel(int logN, int[] netOutcomeTokensSold, uint funding)
+        private
+        constant
+        returns(int costLevel)
+    {
+        // The cost function is C = b * log(sum(exp(q/b) for q in quantities)).
+        // To avoid overflow, we need to calc with an exponent offset:
+        // C = b * (offset + log(sum(exp(q/b - offset) for q in quantities)))
+        var (sum, offset, ) = sumExpOffset(logN, netOutcomeTokensSold, funding, 0);
+        costLevel = Math.ln(sum);
+        costLevel = costLevel.add(offset);
+        costLevel = (costLevel.mul(int(ONE)) / logN).mul(int(funding));
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Calculates sum(exp(q/b - offset) for q in quantities), where offset is set
+    ///      so that the sum fits in 248-256 bits
+    /// @param logN Logarithm of the number of outcomes
+    /// @param netOutcomeTokensSold Net outcome tokens sold by market
+    /// @param funding Initial funding for market
+    /// @param outcomeIndex Index of exponential term to extract (for use by marginal price function)
+    /// @return A result structure composed of the sum, the offset used, and the summand associated with the supplied index
+    function sumExpOffset(int logN, int[] netOutcomeTokensSold, uint funding, uint8 outcomeIndex)
+        private
+        constant
+        returns (uint sum, int offset, uint outcomeExpTerm)
+    {
+        // Naive calculation of this causes an overflow
+        // since anything above a bit over 133*ONE supplied to exp will explode
+        // as exp(133) just about fits into 192 bits of whole number data.
+
+        // The choice of this offset is subject to another limit:
+        // computing the inner sum successfully.
+        // Since the index is 8 bits, there has to be 8 bits of headroom for
+        // each summand, meaning q/b - offset <= exponential_limit,
+        // where that limit can be found with `mp.floor(mp.log((2**248 - 1) / ONE) * ONE)`
+        // That is what EXP_LIMIT is set to: it is about 127.5
+
+        // finally, if the distribution looks like [BIG, tiny, tiny...], using a
+        // BIG offset will cause the tiny quantities to go really negative
+        // causing the associated exponentials to vanish.
+
+        int maxQuantity = Math.max(netOutcomeTokensSold);
+        require(logN >= 0 && int(funding) >= 0);
+        offset = maxQuantity.mul(logN) / int(funding);
+        offset = offset.sub(EXP_LIMIT);
+        uint term;
+        for (uint8 i = 0; i < netOutcomeTokensSold.length; i++) {
+            term = Math.exp((netOutcomeTokensSold[i].mul(logN) / int(funding)).sub(offset));
+            if (i == outcomeIndex)
+                outcomeExpTerm = term;
+            sum = sum.add(term);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Gets net outcome tokens sold by market. Since all sets of outcome tokens are backed by
+    ///      corresponding collateral tokens, the net quantity of a token sold by the market is the
+    ///      number of collateral tokens (which is the same as the number of outcome tokens the
+    ///      market created) subtracted by the quantity of that token held by the market.
+    /// @param market Market contract
+    /// @return Net outcome tokens sold by market
+    function getNetOutcomeTokensSold(Market market)
+        private
+        constant
+        returns (int[] quantities)
+    {
+        quantities = new int[](market.eventContract().getOutcomeCount());
+        for (uint8 i = 0; i < quantities.length; i++)
+            quantities[i] = market.netOutcomeTokensSold(i);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/MarketMakers/MarketMaker.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/MarketMakers/MarketMaker.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3162ce64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/MarketMakers/MarketMaker.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Markets/Market.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Abstract market maker contract - Functions to be implemented by market maker contracts
+contract MarketMaker {
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    function calcCost(Market market, uint8 outcomeTokenIndex, uint outcomeTokenCount) public constant returns (uint);
+    function calcProfit(Market market, uint8 outcomeTokenIndex, uint outcomeTokenCount) public constant returns (uint);
+    function calcMarginalPrice(Market market, uint8 outcomeTokenIndex) public constant returns (uint);
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/Campaign.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/Campaign.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9aee1033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/Campaign.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Events/Event.sol";
+import "../Markets/StandardMarketFactory.sol";
+import "../Utils/Math.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Campaign contract - Allows to crowdfund a market
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract Campaign {
+    using Math for *;
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event CampaignFunding(address indexed sender, uint funding);
+    event CampaignRefund(address indexed sender, uint refund);
+    event MarketCreation(Market indexed market);
+    event MarketClosing();
+    event FeeWithdrawal(address indexed receiver, uint fees);
+
+     /*
+     *  Constants
+     */
+    uint24 public constant FEE_RANGE = 1000000; // 100%
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    Event public eventContract;
+    MarketFactory public marketFactory;
+    MarketMaker public marketMaker;
+    Market public market;
+    uint24 public fee;
+    uint public funding;
+    uint public deadline;
+    uint public finalBalance;
+    mapping (address => uint) public contributions;
+    Stages public stage;
+
+    enum Stages {
+        AuctionStarted,
+        AuctionSuccessful,
+        AuctionFailed,
+        MarketCreated,
+        MarketClosed
+    }
+
+    /*
+     *  Modifiers
+     */
+    modifier atStage(Stages _stage) {
+        // Contract has to be in given stage
+        require(stage == _stage);
+        _;
+    }
+
+    modifier timedTransitions() {
+        if (stage == Stages.AuctionStarted && deadline < now)
+            stage = Stages.AuctionFailed;
+        _;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Constructor validates and sets campaign properties
+    /// @param _eventContract Event contract
+    /// @param _marketFactory Market factory contract
+    /// @param _marketMaker Market maker contract
+    /// @param _fee Market fee
+    /// @param _funding Initial funding for market
+    /// @param _deadline Campaign deadline
+    function Campaign(
+        Event _eventContract,
+        MarketFactory _marketFactory,
+        MarketMaker _marketMaker,
+        uint24 _fee,
+        uint _funding,
+        uint _deadline
+    )
+        public
+    {
+        // Validate input
+        require(   address(_eventContract) != 0
+                && address(_marketFactory) != 0
+                && address(_marketMaker) != 0
+                && _fee < FEE_RANGE
+                && _funding > 0
+                && now < _deadline);
+        eventContract = _eventContract;
+        marketFactory = _marketFactory;
+        marketMaker = _marketMaker;
+        fee = _fee;
+        funding = _funding;
+        deadline = _deadline;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows to contribute to required market funding
+    /// @param amount Amount of collateral tokens
+    function fund(uint amount)
+        public
+        timedTransitions
+        atStage(Stages.AuctionStarted)
+    {
+        uint raisedAmount = eventContract.collateralToken().balanceOf(this);
+        uint maxAmount = funding.sub(raisedAmount);
+        if (maxAmount < amount)
+            amount = maxAmount;
+        // Collect collateral tokens
+        require(eventContract.collateralToken().transferFrom(msg.sender, this, amount));
+        contributions[msg.sender] = contributions[msg.sender].add(amount);
+        if (amount == maxAmount)
+            stage = Stages.AuctionSuccessful;
+        CampaignFunding(msg.sender, amount);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Withdraws refund amount
+    /// @return Refund amount
+    function refund()
+        public
+        timedTransitions
+        atStage(Stages.AuctionFailed)
+        returns (uint refundAmount)
+    {
+        refundAmount = contributions[msg.sender];
+        contributions[msg.sender] = 0;
+        // Refund collateral tokens
+        require(eventContract.collateralToken().transfer(msg.sender, refundAmount));
+        CampaignRefund(msg.sender, refundAmount);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows to create market after successful funding
+    /// @return Market address
+    function createMarket()
+        public
+        timedTransitions
+        atStage(Stages.AuctionSuccessful)
+        returns (Market)
+    {
+        market = marketFactory.createMarket(eventContract, marketMaker, fee);
+        require(eventContract.collateralToken().approve(market, funding));
+        market.fund(funding);
+        stage = Stages.MarketCreated;
+        MarketCreation(market);
+        return market;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows to withdraw fees from market contract to campaign contract
+    /// @return Fee amount
+    function closeMarket()
+        public
+        atStage(Stages.MarketCreated)
+    {
+        // Winning outcome should be set
+        require(eventContract.isOutcomeSet());
+        market.close();
+        market.withdrawFees();
+        eventContract.redeemWinnings();
+        finalBalance = eventContract.collateralToken().balanceOf(this);
+        stage = Stages.MarketClosed;
+        MarketClosing();
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows to withdraw fees from campaign contract to contributor
+    /// @return Fee amount
+    function withdrawFees()
+        public
+        atStage(Stages.MarketClosed)
+        returns (uint fees)
+    {
+        fees = finalBalance.mul(contributions[msg.sender]) / funding;
+        contributions[msg.sender] = 0;
+        // Send fee share to contributor
+        require(eventContract.collateralToken().transfer(msg.sender, fees));
+        FeeWithdrawal(msg.sender, fees);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/CampaignFactory.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/CampaignFactory.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..930ec2e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/CampaignFactory.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Markets/Campaign.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Campaign factory contract - Allows to create campaign contracts
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract CampaignFactory {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event CampaignCreation(address indexed creator, Campaign campaign, Event eventContract, MarketFactory marketFactory, MarketMaker marketMaker, uint24 fee, uint funding, uint deadline);
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Creates a new campaign contract
+    /// @param eventContract Event contract
+    /// @param marketFactory Market factory contract
+    /// @param marketMaker Market maker contract
+    /// @param fee Market fee
+    /// @param funding Initial funding for market
+    /// @param deadline Campaign deadline
+    /// @return Market contract
+    function createCampaigns(
+        Event eventContract,
+        MarketFactory marketFactory,
+        MarketMaker marketMaker,
+        uint24 fee,
+        uint funding,
+        uint deadline
+    )
+        public
+        returns (Campaign campaign)
+    {
+        campaign = new Campaign(eventContract, marketFactory, marketMaker, fee, funding, deadline);
+        CampaignCreation(msg.sender, campaign, eventContract, marketFactory, marketMaker, fee, funding, deadline);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/Market.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/Market.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..635b14db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/Market.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Events/Event.sol";
+import "../MarketMakers/MarketMaker.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Abstract market contract - Functions to be implemented by market contracts
+contract Market {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event MarketFunding(uint funding);
+    event MarketClosing();
+    event FeeWithdrawal(uint fees);
+    event OutcomeTokenPurchase(address indexed buyer, uint8 outcomeTokenIndex, uint outcomeTokenCount, uint cost);
+    event OutcomeTokenSale(address indexed seller, uint8 outcomeTokenIndex, uint outcomeTokenCount, uint profit);
+    event OutcomeTokenShortSale(address indexed buyer, uint8 outcomeTokenIndex, uint outcomeTokenCount, uint cost);
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    address public creator;
+    uint public createdAtBlock;
+    Event public eventContract;
+    MarketMaker public marketMaker;
+    uint24 public fee;
+    uint public funding;
+    int[] public netOutcomeTokensSold;
+    Stages public stage;
+
+    enum Stages {
+        MarketCreated,
+        MarketFunded,
+        MarketClosed
+    }
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    function fund(uint _funding) public;
+    function close() public;
+    function withdrawFees() public returns (uint);
+    function buy(uint8 outcomeTokenIndex, uint outcomeTokenCount, uint maxCost) public returns (uint);
+    function sell(uint8 outcomeTokenIndex, uint outcomeTokenCount, uint minProfit) public returns (uint);
+    function shortSell(uint8 outcomeTokenIndex, uint outcomeTokenCount, uint minProfit) public returns (uint);
+    function calcMarketFee(uint outcomeTokenCost) public constant returns (uint);
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/MarketFactory.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/MarketFactory.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d368e8db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/MarketFactory.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Events/Event.sol";
+import "../MarketMakers/MarketMaker.sol";
+import "../Markets/Market.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Abstract market factory contract - Functions to be implemented by market factories
+contract MarketFactory {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event MarketCreation(address indexed creator, Market market, Event eventContract, MarketMaker marketMaker, uint24 fee);
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    function createMarket(Event eventContract, MarketMaker marketMaker, uint24 fee) public returns (Market);
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/StandardMarket.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/StandardMarket.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b973119a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/StandardMarket.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Markets/Market.sol";
+import "../Tokens/Token.sol";
+import "../Events/Event.sol";
+import "../MarketMakers/MarketMaker.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Market factory contract - Allows to create market contracts
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract StandardMarket is Market {
+    using Math for *;
+
+    /*
+     *  Constants
+     */
+    uint24 public constant FEE_RANGE = 1000000; // 100%
+
+    /*
+     *  Modifiers
+     */
+    modifier isCreator () {
+        // Only creator is allowed to proceed
+        require(msg.sender == creator);
+        _;
+    }
+
+    modifier atStage(Stages _stage) {
+        // Contract has to be in given stage
+        require(stage == _stage);
+        _;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Constructor validates and sets market properties
+    /// @param _creator Market creator
+    /// @param _eventContract Event contract
+    /// @param _marketMaker Market maker contract
+    /// @param _fee Market fee
+    function StandardMarket(address _creator, Event _eventContract, MarketMaker _marketMaker, uint24 _fee)
+        public
+    {
+        // Validate inputs
+        require(address(_eventContract) != 0 && address(_marketMaker) != 0 && _fee < FEE_RANGE);
+        creator = _creator;
+        createdAtBlock = block.number;
+        eventContract = _eventContract;
+        netOutcomeTokensSold = new int[](eventContract.getOutcomeCount());
+        fee = _fee;
+        marketMaker = _marketMaker;
+        stage = Stages.MarketCreated;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows to fund the market with collateral tokens converting them into outcome tokens
+    /// @param _funding Funding amount
+    function fund(uint _funding)
+        public
+        isCreator
+        atStage(Stages.MarketCreated)
+    {
+        // Request collateral tokens and allow event contract to transfer them to buy all outcomes
+        require(   eventContract.collateralToken().transferFrom(msg.sender, this, _funding)
+                && eventContract.collateralToken().approve(eventContract, _funding));
+        eventContract.buyAllOutcomes(_funding);
+        funding = _funding;
+        stage = Stages.MarketFunded;
+        MarketFunding(funding);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows market creator to close the markets by transferring all remaining outcome tokens to the creator
+    function close()
+        public
+        isCreator
+        atStage(Stages.MarketFunded)
+    {
+        uint8 outcomeCount = eventContract.getOutcomeCount();
+        for (uint8 i = 0; i < outcomeCount; i++)
+            require(eventContract.outcomeTokens(i).transfer(creator, eventContract.outcomeTokens(i).balanceOf(this)));
+        stage = Stages.MarketClosed;
+        MarketClosing();
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows market creator to withdraw fees generated by trades
+    /// @return Fee amount
+    function withdrawFees()
+        public
+        isCreator
+        returns (uint fees)
+    {
+        fees = eventContract.collateralToken().balanceOf(this);
+        // Transfer fees
+        require(eventContract.collateralToken().transfer(creator, fees));
+        FeeWithdrawal(fees);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows to buy outcome tokens from market maker
+    /// @param outcomeTokenIndex Index of the outcome token to buy
+    /// @param outcomeTokenCount Amount of outcome tokens to buy
+    /// @param maxCost The maximum cost in collateral tokens to pay for outcome tokens
+    /// @return Cost in collateral tokens
+    function buy(uint8 outcomeTokenIndex, uint outcomeTokenCount, uint maxCost)
+        public
+        atStage(Stages.MarketFunded)
+        returns (uint cost)
+    {
+        // Calculate cost to buy outcome tokens
+        uint outcomeTokenCost = marketMaker.calcCost(this, outcomeTokenIndex, outcomeTokenCount);
+        // Calculate fees charged by market
+        uint fees = calcMarketFee(outcomeTokenCost);
+        cost = outcomeTokenCost.add(fees);
+        // Check cost doesn't exceed max cost
+        require(cost > 0 && cost <= maxCost);
+        // Transfer tokens to markets contract and buy all outcomes
+        require(   eventContract.collateralToken().transferFrom(msg.sender, this, cost)
+                && eventContract.collateralToken().approve(eventContract, outcomeTokenCost));
+        // Buy all outcomes
+        eventContract.buyAllOutcomes(outcomeTokenCost);
+        // Transfer outcome tokens to buyer
+        require(eventContract.outcomeTokens(outcomeTokenIndex).transfer(msg.sender, outcomeTokenCount));
+        // Add outcome token count to market maker net balance
+        require(int(outcomeTokenCount) >= 0);
+        netOutcomeTokensSold[outcomeTokenIndex] = netOutcomeTokensSold[outcomeTokenIndex].add(int(outcomeTokenCount));
+        OutcomeTokenPurchase(msg.sender, outcomeTokenIndex, outcomeTokenCount, cost);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows to sell outcome tokens to market maker
+    /// @param outcomeTokenIndex Index of the outcome token to sell
+    /// @param outcomeTokenCount Amount of outcome tokens to sell
+    /// @param minProfit The minimum profit in collateral tokens to earn for outcome tokens
+    /// @return Profit in collateral tokens
+    function sell(uint8 outcomeTokenIndex, uint outcomeTokenCount, uint minProfit)
+        public
+        atStage(Stages.MarketFunded)
+        returns (uint profit)
+    {
+        // Calculate profit for selling outcome tokens
+        uint outcomeTokenProfit = marketMaker.calcProfit(this, outcomeTokenIndex, outcomeTokenCount);
+        // Calculate fee charged by market
+        uint fees = calcMarketFee(outcomeTokenProfit);
+        profit = outcomeTokenProfit.sub(fees);
+        // Check profit is not too low
+        require(profit > 0 && profit >= minProfit);
+        // Transfer outcome tokens to markets contract to sell all outcomes
+        require(eventContract.outcomeTokens(outcomeTokenIndex).transferFrom(msg.sender, this, outcomeTokenCount));
+        // Sell all outcomes
+        eventContract.sellAllOutcomes(outcomeTokenProfit);
+        // Transfer profit to seller
+        require(eventContract.collateralToken().transfer(msg.sender, profit));
+        // Subtract outcome token count from market maker net balance
+        require(int(outcomeTokenCount) >= 0);
+        netOutcomeTokensSold[outcomeTokenIndex] = netOutcomeTokensSold[outcomeTokenIndex].sub(int(outcomeTokenCount));
+        OutcomeTokenSale(msg.sender, outcomeTokenIndex, outcomeTokenCount, profit);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Buys all outcomes, then sells all shares of selected outcome which were bought, keeping
+    ///      shares of all other outcome tokens.
+    /// @param outcomeTokenIndex Index of the outcome token to short sell
+    /// @param outcomeTokenCount Amount of outcome tokens to short sell
+    /// @param minProfit The minimum profit in collateral tokens to earn for short sold outcome tokens
+    /// @return Cost to short sell outcome in collateral tokens
+    function shortSell(uint8 outcomeTokenIndex, uint outcomeTokenCount, uint minProfit)
+        public
+        returns (uint cost)
+    {
+        // Buy all outcomes
+        require(   eventContract.collateralToken().transferFrom(msg.sender, this, outcomeTokenCount)
+                && eventContract.collateralToken().approve(eventContract, outcomeTokenCount));
+        eventContract.buyAllOutcomes(outcomeTokenCount);
+        // Short sell selected outcome
+        eventContract.outcomeTokens(outcomeTokenIndex).approve(this, outcomeTokenCount);
+        uint profit = this.sell(outcomeTokenIndex, outcomeTokenCount, minProfit);
+        cost = outcomeTokenCount - profit;
+        // Transfer outcome tokens to buyer
+        uint8 outcomeCount = eventContract.getOutcomeCount();
+        for (uint8 i = 0; i < outcomeCount; i++)
+            if (i != outcomeTokenIndex)
+                require(eventContract.outcomeTokens(i).transfer(msg.sender, outcomeTokenCount));
+        // Send change back to buyer
+        require(eventContract.collateralToken().transfer(msg.sender, profit));
+        OutcomeTokenShortSale(msg.sender, outcomeTokenIndex, outcomeTokenCount, cost);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Calculates fee to be paid to market maker
+    /// @param outcomeTokenCost Cost for buying outcome tokens
+    /// @return Fee for trade
+    function calcMarketFee(uint outcomeTokenCost)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (uint)
+    {
+        return outcomeTokenCost * fee / FEE_RANGE;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/StandardMarketFactory.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/StandardMarketFactory.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..101c37a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Markets/StandardMarketFactory.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Markets/MarketFactory.sol";
+import "../Markets/StandardMarket.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Market factory contract - Allows to create market contracts
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract StandardMarketFactory is MarketFactory {
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Creates a new market contract
+    /// @param eventContract Event contract
+    /// @param marketMaker Market maker contract
+    /// @param fee Market fee
+    /// @return Market contract
+    function createMarket(Event eventContract, MarketMaker marketMaker, uint24 fee)
+        public
+        returns (Market market)
+    {
+        market = new StandardMarket(msg.sender, eventContract, marketMaker, fee);
+        MarketCreation(msg.sender, market, eventContract, marketMaker, fee);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Migrations.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Migrations.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7e7fe8d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Migrations.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.4;
+
+contract Migrations {
+  address public owner;
+  uint public last_completed_migration;
+
+  modifier restricted() {
+    if (msg.sender == owner) _;
+  }
+
+  function Migrations() {
+    owner = msg.sender;
+  }
+
+  function setCompleted(uint completed) restricted {
+    last_completed_migration = completed;
+  }
+
+  function upgrade(address new_address) restricted {
+    Migrations upgraded = Migrations(new_address);
+    upgraded.setCompleted(last_completed_migration);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/CentralizedOracle.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/CentralizedOracle.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..26acf526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/CentralizedOracle.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Oracles/Oracle.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Centralized oracle contract - Allows the contract owner to set an outcome
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract CentralizedOracle is Oracle {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event OwnerReplacement(address indexed newOwner);
+    event OutcomeAssignment(int outcome);
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    address public owner;
+    bytes public ipfsHash;
+    bool public isSet;
+    int public outcome;
+
+    /*
+     *  Modifiers
+     */
+    modifier isOwner () {
+        // Only owner is allowed to proceed
+        require(msg.sender == owner);
+        _;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Constructor sets owner address and IPFS hash
+    /// @param _ipfsHash Hash identifying off chain event description
+    function CentralizedOracle(address _owner, bytes _ipfsHash)
+        public
+    {
+        // Description hash cannot be null
+        require(_ipfsHash.length == 46);
+        owner = _owner;
+        ipfsHash = _ipfsHash;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Replaces owner
+    /// @param newOwner New owner
+    function replaceOwner(address newOwner)
+        public
+        isOwner
+    {
+        // Result is not set yet
+        require(!isSet);
+        owner = newOwner;
+        OwnerReplacement(newOwner);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Sets event outcome
+    /// @param _outcome Event outcome
+    function setOutcome(int _outcome)
+        public
+        isOwner
+    {
+        // Result is not set yet
+        require(!isSet);
+        isSet = true;
+        outcome = _outcome;
+        OutcomeAssignment(_outcome);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns if winning outcome is set
+    /// @return Is outcome set?
+    function isOutcomeSet()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        return isSet;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns outcome
+    /// @return Outcome
+    function getOutcome()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (int)
+    {
+        return outcome;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/CentralizedOracleFactory.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/CentralizedOracleFactory.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62a12cf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/CentralizedOracleFactory.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Oracles/CentralizedOracle.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Centralized oracle factory contract - Allows to create centralized oracle contracts
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract CentralizedOracleFactory {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event CentralizedOracleCreation(address indexed creator, CentralizedOracle centralizedOracle, bytes ipfsHash);
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Creates a new centralized oracle contract
+    /// @param ipfsHash Hash identifying off chain event description
+    /// @return Oracle contract
+    function createCentralizedOracle(bytes ipfsHash)
+        public
+        returns (CentralizedOracle centralizedOracle)
+    {
+        centralizedOracle = new CentralizedOracle(msg.sender, ipfsHash);
+        CentralizedOracleCreation(msg.sender, centralizedOracle, ipfsHash);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/DifficultyOracle.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/DifficultyOracle.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87351dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/DifficultyOracle.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Oracles/Oracle.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Difficulty oracle contract - Oracle to resolve difficulty events at given block
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract DifficultyOracle is Oracle {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event OutcomeAssignment(uint difficulty);
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    uint public blockNumber;
+    uint public difficulty;
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Contract constructor validates and sets target block number
+    /// @param _blockNumber Target block number
+    function DifficultyOracle(uint _blockNumber)
+        public
+    {
+        // Block has to be in the future
+        require(_blockNumber > block.number);
+        blockNumber = _blockNumber;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Sets difficulty as winning outcome for specified block
+    function setOutcome()
+        public
+    {
+        // Block number was reached and outcome was not set yet
+        require(block.number >= blockNumber && difficulty == 0);
+        difficulty = block.difficulty;
+        OutcomeAssignment(difficulty);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns if difficulty is set
+    /// @return Is outcome set?
+    function isOutcomeSet()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        // Difficulty is always bigger than 0
+        return difficulty > 0;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns difficulty
+    /// @return Outcome
+    function getOutcome()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (int)
+    {
+        return int(difficulty);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/DifficultyOracleFactory.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/DifficultyOracleFactory.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e97362c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/DifficultyOracleFactory.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Oracles/DifficultyOracle.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Difficulty oracle factory contract - Allows to create difficulty oracle contracts
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract DifficultyOracleFactory {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event DifficultyOracleCreation(address indexed creator, DifficultyOracle difficultyOracle, uint blockNumber);
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Creates a new difficulty oracle contract
+    /// @param blockNumber Target block number
+    /// @return Oracle contract
+    function createDifficultyOracle(uint blockNumber)
+        public
+        returns (DifficultyOracle difficultyOracle)
+    {
+        difficultyOracle = new DifficultyOracle(blockNumber);
+        DifficultyOracleCreation(msg.sender, difficultyOracle, blockNumber);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/FutarchyOracle.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/FutarchyOracle.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..524103d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/FutarchyOracle.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Oracles/Oracle.sol";
+import "../Events/EventFactory.sol";
+import "../Markets/MarketFactory.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Futarchy oracle contract - Allows to create an oracle based on market behaviour
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract FutarchyOracle is Oracle {
+    using Math for *;
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event FutarchyFunding(uint funding);
+    event FutarchyClosing();
+    event OutcomeAssignment(uint winningMarketIndex);
+
+    /*
+     *  Constants
+     */
+    uint8 public constant LONG = 1;
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    address creator;
+    Market[] public markets;
+    CategoricalEvent public categoricalEvent;
+    uint public deadline;
+    uint public winningMarketIndex;
+    bool public isSet;
+
+    /*
+     *  Modifiers
+     */
+    modifier isCreator () {
+        // Only creator is allowed to proceed
+        require(msg.sender == creator);
+        _;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Constructor creates events and markets for futarchy oracle
+    /// @param _creator Oracle creator
+    /// @param eventFactory Event factory contract
+    /// @param collateralToken Tokens used as collateral in exchange for outcome tokens
+    /// @param oracle Oracle contract used to resolve the event
+    /// @param outcomeCount Number of event outcomes
+    /// @param lowerBound Lower bound for event outcome
+    /// @param upperBound Lower bound for event outcome
+    /// @param marketFactory Market factory contract
+    /// @param marketMaker Market maker contract
+    /// @param fee Market fee
+    /// @param _deadline Decision deadline
+    function FutarchyOracle(
+        address _creator,
+        EventFactory eventFactory,
+        Token collateralToken,
+        Oracle oracle,
+        uint8 outcomeCount,
+        int lowerBound,
+        int upperBound,
+        MarketFactory marketFactory,
+        MarketMaker marketMaker,
+        uint24 fee,
+        uint _deadline
+    )
+        public
+    {
+        // Deadline is in the future
+        require(_deadline > now);
+        // Create decision event
+        categoricalEvent = eventFactory.createCategoricalEvent(collateralToken, this, outcomeCount);
+        // Create outcome events
+        for (uint8 i = 0; i < categoricalEvent.getOutcomeCount(); i++) {
+            ScalarEvent scalarEvent = eventFactory.createScalarEvent(
+                categoricalEvent.outcomeTokens(i),
+                oracle,
+                lowerBound,
+                upperBound
+            );
+            markets.push(marketFactory.createMarket(scalarEvent, marketMaker, fee));
+        }
+        creator = _creator;
+        deadline = _deadline;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Funds all markets with equal amount of funding
+    /// @param funding Amount of funding
+    function fund(uint funding)
+        public
+        isCreator
+    {
+        // Buy all outcomes
+        require(   categoricalEvent.collateralToken().transferFrom(creator, this, funding)
+                && categoricalEvent.collateralToken().approve(categoricalEvent, funding));
+        categoricalEvent.buyAllOutcomes(funding);
+        // Fund each market with outcome tokens from categorical event
+        for (uint8 i = 0; i < markets.length; i++) {
+            Market market = markets[i];
+            // Approve funding for market
+            require(market.eventContract().collateralToken().approve(market, funding));
+            market.fund(funding);
+        }
+        FutarchyFunding(funding);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Closes market for winning outcome and redeems winnings and sends all collateral tokens to creator
+    function close()
+        public
+        isCreator
+    {
+        // Winning outcome has to be set
+        Market market = markets[uint(getOutcome())];
+        require(categoricalEvent.isOutcomeSet() && market.eventContract().isOutcomeSet());
+        // Close market and transfer all outcome tokens from winning outcome to this contract
+        market.close();
+        market.eventContract().redeemWinnings();
+        market.withdrawFees();
+        // Redeem collateral token for winning outcome tokens and transfer collateral tokens to creator
+        categoricalEvent.redeemWinnings();
+        require(categoricalEvent.collateralToken().transfer(creator, categoricalEvent.collateralToken().balanceOf(this)));
+        FutarchyClosing();
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows to set the oracle outcome based on the market with largest long position
+    function setOutcome()
+        public
+    {
+        // Outcome is not set yet and deadline has passed
+        require(!isSet && deadline <= now);
+        // Find market with highest marginal price for long outcome tokens
+        uint highestMarginalPrice = markets[0].marketMaker().calcMarginalPrice(markets[0], LONG);
+        uint highestIndex = 0;
+        for (uint8 i = 1; i < markets.length; i++) {
+            uint marginalPrice = markets[i].marketMaker().calcMarginalPrice(markets[i], LONG);
+            if (marginalPrice > highestMarginalPrice) {
+                highestMarginalPrice = marginalPrice;
+                highestIndex = i;
+            }
+        }
+        winningMarketIndex = highestIndex;
+        isSet = true;
+        OutcomeAssignment(winningMarketIndex);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns if winning outcome is set
+    /// @return Is outcome set?
+    function isOutcomeSet()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        return isSet;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns winning outcome
+    /// @return Outcome
+    function getOutcome()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (int)
+    {
+        return int(winningMarketIndex);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/FutarchyOracleFactory.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/FutarchyOracleFactory.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62eab4f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/FutarchyOracleFactory.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Oracles/FutarchyOracle.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Futarchy oracle factory contract - Allows to create Futarchy oracle contracts
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract FutarchyOracleFactory {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event FutarchyOracleCreation(
+        address indexed creator,
+        FutarchyOracle futarchyOracle,
+        Token collateralToken,
+        Oracle oracle,
+        uint8 outcomeCount,
+        int lowerBound,
+        int upperBound,
+        MarketFactory marketFactory,
+        MarketMaker marketMaker,
+        uint24 fee,
+        uint deadline
+    );
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    EventFactory eventFactory;
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Constructor sets event factory contract
+    /// @param _eventFactory Event factory contract
+    function FutarchyOracleFactory(EventFactory _eventFactory)
+        public
+    {
+        require(address(_eventFactory) != 0);
+        eventFactory = _eventFactory;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Creates a new Futarchy oracle contract
+    /// @param collateralToken Tokens used as collateral in exchange for outcome tokens
+    /// @param oracle Oracle contract used to resolve the event
+    /// @param outcomeCount Number of event outcomes
+    /// @param lowerBound Lower bound for event outcome
+    /// @param upperBound Lower bound for event outcome
+    /// @param marketFactory Market factory contract
+    /// @param marketMaker Market maker contract
+    /// @param fee Market fee
+    /// @param deadline Decision deadline
+    /// @return Oracle contract
+    function createFutarchyOracle(
+        Token collateralToken,
+        Oracle oracle,
+        uint8 outcomeCount,
+        int lowerBound,
+        int upperBound,
+        MarketFactory marketFactory,
+        MarketMaker marketMaker,
+        uint24 fee,
+        uint deadline
+    )
+        public
+        returns (FutarchyOracle futarchyOracle)
+    {
+        futarchyOracle = new FutarchyOracle(
+            msg.sender,
+            eventFactory,
+            collateralToken,
+            oracle,
+            outcomeCount,
+            lowerBound,
+            upperBound,
+            marketFactory,
+            marketMaker,
+            fee,
+            deadline
+        );
+        FutarchyOracleCreation(
+            msg.sender,
+            futarchyOracle,
+            collateralToken,
+            oracle,
+            outcomeCount,
+            lowerBound,
+            upperBound,
+            marketFactory,
+            marketMaker,
+            fee,
+            deadline
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/MajorityOracle.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/MajorityOracle.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1562ce48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/MajorityOracle.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Oracles/Oracle.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Majority oracle contract - Allows to resolve an event based on multiple oracles with majority vote
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract MajorityOracle is Oracle {
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    Oracle[] public oracles;
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Allows to create an oracle for a majority vote based on other oracles
+    /// @param _oracles List of oracles taking part in the majority vote
+    function MajorityOracle(Oracle[] _oracles)
+        public
+    {
+        // At least 2 oracles should be defined
+        require(_oracles.length > 2);
+        for (uint i = 0; i < _oracles.length; i++)
+            // Oracle address cannot be null
+            require(address(_oracles[i]) != 0);
+        oracles = _oracles;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows to registers oracles for a majority vote
+    /// @return Is outcome set?
+    /// @return Outcome
+    function getStatusAndOutcome()
+        public
+        returns (bool outcomeSet, int outcome)
+    {
+        uint i;
+        int[] memory outcomes = new int[](oracles.length);
+        uint[] memory validations = new uint[](oracles.length);
+        for (i = 0; i < oracles.length; i++)
+            if (oracles[i].isOutcomeSet()) {
+                int _outcome = oracles[i].getOutcome();
+                for (uint j = 0; j <= i; j++)
+                    if (_outcome == outcomes[j]) {
+                        validations[j] += 1;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    else if (validations[j] == 0) {
+                        outcomes[j] = _outcome;
+                        validations[j] = 1;
+                        break;
+                    }
+            }
+        uint outcomeValidations = 0;
+        uint outcomeIndex = 0;
+        for (i = 0; i < oracles.length; i++)
+            if (validations[i] > outcomeValidations) {
+                outcomeValidations = validations[i];
+                outcomeIndex = i;
+            }
+        // There is a majority vote
+        if (outcomeValidations * 2 > oracles.length) {
+            outcomeSet = true;
+            outcome = outcomes[outcomeIndex];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns if winning outcome is set
+    /// @return Is outcome set?
+    function isOutcomeSet()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        var (outcomeSet, ) = getStatusAndOutcome();
+        return outcomeSet;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns winning outcome
+    /// @return Outcome
+    function getOutcome()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (int)
+    {
+        var (, winningOutcome) = getStatusAndOutcome();
+        return winningOutcome;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/MajorityOracleFactory.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/MajorityOracleFactory.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0024516a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/MajorityOracleFactory.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Oracles/MajorityOracle.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Majority oracle factory contract - Allows to create majority oracle contracts
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract MajorityOracleFactory {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event MajorityOracleCreation(address indexed creator, MajorityOracle majorityOracle, Oracle[] oracles);
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Creates a new majority oracle contract
+    /// @param oracles List of oracles taking part in the majority vote
+    /// @return Oracle contract
+    function createMajorityOracle(Oracle[] oracles)
+        public
+        returns (MajorityOracle majorityOracle)
+    {
+        majorityOracle = new MajorityOracle(oracles);
+        MajorityOracleCreation(msg.sender, majorityOracle, oracles);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/Oracle.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/Oracle.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf96eb9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/Oracle.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+
+
+/// @title Abstract oracle contract - Functions to be implemented by oracles
+contract Oracle {
+
+    function isOutcomeSet() public constant returns (bool);
+    function getOutcome() public constant returns (int);
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/SignedMessageOracle.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/SignedMessageOracle.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d541ab46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/SignedMessageOracle.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Oracles/Oracle.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Signed message oracle contract - Allows to set an outcome with a signed message
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract SignedMessageOracle is Oracle {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event SignerReplacement(address indexed newSigner);
+    event OutcomeAssignment(int outcome);
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    address public signer;
+    bytes32 public descriptionHash;
+    uint nonce;
+    bool public isSet;
+    int public outcome;
+
+    /*
+     *  Modifiers
+     */
+    modifier isSigner () {
+        // Only signer is allowed to proceed
+        require(msg.sender == signer);
+        _;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Constructor sets signer address based on signature
+    /// @param _descriptionHash Hash identifying off chain event description
+    /// @param v Signature parameter
+    /// @param r Signature parameter
+    /// @param s Signature parameter
+    function SignedMessageOracle(bytes32 _descriptionHash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s)
+        public
+    {
+        signer = ecrecover(_descriptionHash, v, r, s);
+        descriptionHash = _descriptionHash;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Replaces signer
+    /// @param newSigner New signer
+    /// @param _nonce Unique nonce to prevent replay attacks
+    /// @param v Signature parameter
+    /// @param r Signature parameter
+    /// @param s Signature parameter
+    function replaceSigner(address newSigner, uint _nonce, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s)
+        public
+        isSigner
+    {
+        // Result is not set yet and nonce and signer are valid
+        require(   !isSet
+                && _nonce > nonce
+                && signer == ecrecover(keccak256(descriptionHash, newSigner, _nonce), v, r, s));
+        nonce = _nonce;
+        signer = newSigner;
+        SignerReplacement(newSigner);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Sets outcome based on signed message
+    /// @param _outcome Signed event outcome
+    /// @param v Signature parameter
+    /// @param r Signature parameter
+    /// @param s Signature parameter
+    function setOutcome(int _outcome, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s)
+        public
+    {
+        // Result is not set yet and signer is valid
+        require(   !isSet
+                && signer == ecrecover(keccak256(descriptionHash, _outcome), v, r, s));
+        isSet = true;
+        outcome = _outcome;
+        OutcomeAssignment(_outcome);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns if winning outcome
+    /// @return Is outcome set?
+    function isOutcomeSet()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        return isSet;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns winning outcome
+    /// @return Outcome
+    function getOutcome()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (int)
+    {
+        return outcome;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/SignedMessageOracleFactory.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/SignedMessageOracleFactory.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0884d8ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/SignedMessageOracleFactory.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Oracles/SignedMessageOracle.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Signed message oracle factory contract - Allows to create signed message oracle contracts
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract SignedMessageOracleFactory {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event SignedMessageOracleCreation(address indexed creator, SignedMessageOracle signedMessageOracle, address oracle);
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Creates a new signed message oracle contract
+    /// @param descriptionHash Hash identifying off chain event description
+    /// @param v Signature parameter
+    /// @param r Signature parameter
+    /// @param s Signature parameter
+    /// @return Oracle contract
+    function createSignedMessageOracle(bytes32 descriptionHash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s)
+        public
+        returns (SignedMessageOracle signedMessageOracle)
+    {
+        signedMessageOracle = new SignedMessageOracle(descriptionHash, v, r, s);
+        address oracle = ecrecover(descriptionHash, v, r, s);
+        SignedMessageOracleCreation(msg.sender, signedMessageOracle, oracle);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/UltimateOracle.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/UltimateOracle.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fe8b4ec7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/UltimateOracle.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Oracles/Oracle.sol";
+import "../Tokens/Token.sol";
+import "../Utils/Math.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Ultimate oracle contract - Allows to swap oracle result for ultimate oracle result
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract UltimateOracle is Oracle {
+    using Math for *;
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event ForwardedOracleOutcomeAssignment(int outcome);
+    event OutcomeChallenge(address indexed sender, int outcome);
+    event OutcomeVote(address indexed sender, int outcome, uint amount);
+    event Withdrawal(address indexed sender, uint amount);
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    Oracle public forwardedOracle;
+    Token public collateralToken;
+    uint8 public spreadMultiplier;
+    uint public challengePeriod;
+    uint public challengeAmount;
+    uint public frontRunnerPeriod;
+
+    int public forwardedOutcome;
+    uint public forwardedOutcomeSetTimestamp;
+    int public frontRunner;
+    uint public frontRunnerSetTimestamp;
+
+    uint public totalAmount;
+    mapping (int => uint) public totalOutcomeAmounts;
+    mapping (address => mapping (int => uint)) public outcomeAmounts;
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Constructor sets ultimate oracle properties
+    /// @param _forwardedOracle Oracle address
+    /// @param _collateralToken Collateral token address
+    /// @param _spreadMultiplier Defines the spread as a multiple of the money bet on other outcomes
+    /// @param _challengePeriod Time to challenge oracle outcome
+    /// @param _challengeAmount Amount to challenge the outcome
+    /// @param _frontRunnerPeriod Time to overbid the front-runner
+    function UltimateOracle(
+        Oracle _forwardedOracle,
+        Token _collateralToken,
+        uint8 _spreadMultiplier,
+        uint _challengePeriod,
+        uint _challengeAmount,
+        uint _frontRunnerPeriod
+    )
+        public
+    {
+        // Validate inputs
+        require(   address(_forwardedOracle) != 0
+                && address(_collateralToken) != 0
+                && _spreadMultiplier >= 2
+                && _challengePeriod > 0
+                && _challengeAmount > 0
+                && _frontRunnerPeriod > 0);
+        forwardedOracle = _forwardedOracle;
+        collateralToken = _collateralToken;
+        spreadMultiplier = _spreadMultiplier;
+        challengePeriod = _challengePeriod;
+        challengeAmount = _challengeAmount;
+        frontRunnerPeriod = _frontRunnerPeriod;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows to set oracle outcome
+    function setForwardedOutcome()
+        public
+    {
+        // There was no challenge and the outcome was not set yet in the ultimate oracle but in the forwarded oracle
+        require(   !isChallenged()
+                && forwardedOutcomeSetTimestamp == 0
+                && forwardedOracle.isOutcomeSet());
+        forwardedOutcome = forwardedOracle.getOutcome();
+        forwardedOutcomeSetTimestamp = now;
+        ForwardedOracleOutcomeAssignment(forwardedOutcome);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows to challenge the oracle outcome
+    /// @param _outcome Outcome to bid on
+    function challengeOutcome(int _outcome)
+        public
+    {
+        // There was no challenge yet or the challenge period expired
+        require(   !isChallenged()
+                && !isChallengePeriodOver()
+                && collateralToken.transferFrom(msg.sender, this, challengeAmount));
+        outcomeAmounts[msg.sender][_outcome] = challengeAmount;
+        totalOutcomeAmounts[_outcome] = challengeAmount;
+        totalAmount = challengeAmount;
+        frontRunner = _outcome;
+        frontRunnerSetTimestamp = now;
+        OutcomeChallenge(msg.sender, _outcome);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows to challenge the oracle outcome
+    /// @param _outcome Outcome to bid on
+    /// @param amount Amount to bid
+    function voteForOutcome(int _outcome, uint amount)
+        public
+    {
+        uint maxAmount = (totalAmount - totalOutcomeAmounts[_outcome]).mul(spreadMultiplier);
+        if (amount > maxAmount)
+            amount = maxAmount;
+        // Outcome is challenged and front runner period is not over yet and tokens can be transferred
+        require(   isChallenged()
+                && !isFrontRunnerPeriodOver()
+                && collateralToken.transferFrom(msg.sender, this, amount));
+        outcomeAmounts[msg.sender][_outcome] = outcomeAmounts[msg.sender][_outcome].add(amount);
+        totalOutcomeAmounts[_outcome] = totalOutcomeAmounts[_outcome].add(amount);
+        totalAmount = totalAmount.add(amount);
+        if (_outcome != frontRunner && totalOutcomeAmounts[_outcome] > totalOutcomeAmounts[frontRunner])
+        {
+            frontRunner = _outcome;
+            frontRunnerSetTimestamp = now;
+        }
+        OutcomeVote(msg.sender, _outcome, amount);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Withdraws winnings for user
+    /// @return Winnings
+    function withdraw()
+        public
+        returns (uint amount)
+    {
+        // Outcome was challenged and ultimate outcome decided
+        require(isFrontRunnerPeriodOver());
+        amount = totalAmount.mul(outcomeAmounts[msg.sender][frontRunner]) / totalOutcomeAmounts[frontRunner];
+        outcomeAmounts[msg.sender][frontRunner] = 0;
+        // Transfer earnings to contributor
+        require(collateralToken.transfer(msg.sender, amount));
+        Withdrawal(msg.sender, amount);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Checks if time to challenge the outcome is over
+    /// @return Is challenge period over?
+    function isChallengePeriodOver()
+        public
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        return forwardedOutcomeSetTimestamp != 0 && now.sub(forwardedOutcomeSetTimestamp) > challengePeriod;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Checks if time to overbid the front runner is over
+    /// @return Is front runner period over?
+    function isFrontRunnerPeriodOver()
+        public
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        return frontRunnerSetTimestamp != 0 && now.sub(frontRunnerSetTimestamp) > frontRunnerPeriod;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Checks if outcome was challenged
+    /// @return Is challenged?
+    function isChallenged()
+        public
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        return frontRunnerSetTimestamp != 0;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns if winning outcome is set
+    /// @return Is outcome set?
+    function isOutcomeSet()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        return    isChallengePeriodOver() && !isChallenged()
+               || isFrontRunnerPeriodOver();
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns winning outcome
+    /// @return Outcome
+    function getOutcome()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (int)
+    {
+        if (isFrontRunnerPeriodOver())
+            return frontRunner;
+        return forwardedOutcome;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/UltimateOracleFactory.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/UltimateOracleFactory.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..67f8a96e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Oracles/UltimateOracleFactory.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Oracles/UltimateOracle.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Ultimate oracle factory contract - Allows to create ultimate oracle contracts
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract UltimateOracleFactory {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event UltimateOracleCreation(
+        address indexed creator,
+        UltimateOracle ultimateOracle,
+        Oracle oracle,
+        Token collateralToken,
+        uint8 spreadMultiplier,
+        uint challengePeriod,
+        uint challengeAmount,
+        uint frontRunnerPeriod
+    );
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Creates a new ultimate Oracle contract
+    /// @param oracle Oracle address
+    /// @param collateralToken Collateral token address
+    /// @param spreadMultiplier Defines the spread as a multiple of the money bet on other outcomes
+    /// @param challengePeriod Time to challenge oracle outcome
+    /// @param challengeAmount Amount to challenge the outcome
+    /// @param frontRunnerPeriod Time to overbid the front-runner
+    /// @return Oracle contract
+    function createUltimateOracle(
+        Oracle oracle,
+        Token collateralToken,
+        uint8 spreadMultiplier,
+        uint challengePeriod,
+        uint challengeAmount,
+        uint frontRunnerPeriod
+    )
+        public
+        returns (UltimateOracle ultimateOracle)
+    {
+        ultimateOracle = new UltimateOracle(
+            oracle,
+            collateralToken,
+            spreadMultiplier,
+            challengePeriod,
+            challengeAmount,
+            frontRunnerPeriod
+        );
+        UltimateOracleCreation(
+            msg.sender,
+            ultimateOracle,
+            oracle,
+            collateralToken,
+            spreadMultiplier,
+            challengePeriod,
+            challengeAmount,
+            frontRunnerPeriod
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/README.md b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e939cd26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Gnosis contracts, originally from
+
+https://github.com/gnosis/gnosis-contracts
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Tokens/EtherToken.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Tokens/EtherToken.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f6e73e5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Tokens/EtherToken.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Tokens/StandardToken.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Token contract - Token exchanging Ether 1:1
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract EtherToken is StandardToken {
+    using Math for *;
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event Deposit(address indexed sender, uint value);
+    event Withdrawal(address indexed receiver, uint value);
+
+    /*
+     *  Constants
+     */
+    string public constant name = "Ether Token";
+    string public constant symbol = "ETH";
+    uint8 public constant decimals = 18;
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Buys tokens with Ether, exchanging them 1:1
+    function deposit()
+        public
+        payable
+    {
+        balances[msg.sender] = balances[msg.sender].add(msg.value);
+        totalTokens = totalTokens.add(msg.value);
+        Deposit(msg.sender, msg.value);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Sells tokens in exchange for Ether, exchanging them 1:1
+    /// @param value Number of tokens to sell
+    function withdraw(uint value)
+        public
+    {
+        // Balance covers value
+        balances[msg.sender] = balances[msg.sender].sub(value);
+        totalTokens = totalTokens.sub(value);
+        msg.sender.transfer(value);
+        Withdrawal(msg.sender, value);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Tokens/OutcomeToken.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Tokens/OutcomeToken.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd1fa590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Tokens/OutcomeToken.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Tokens/StandardToken.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Outcome token contract - Issuing and revoking outcome tokens
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+contract OutcomeToken is StandardToken {
+    using Math for *;
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event Issuance(address indexed owner, uint amount);
+    event Revocation(address indexed owner, uint amount);
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    address public eventContract;
+
+    /*
+     *  Modifiers
+     */
+    modifier isEventContract () {
+        // Only event contract is allowed to proceed
+        require(msg.sender == eventContract);
+        _;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Constructor sets events contract address
+    function OutcomeToken()
+        public
+    {
+        eventContract = msg.sender;
+    }
+    
+    /// @dev Events contract issues new tokens for address. Returns success
+    /// @param _for Address of receiver
+    /// @param outcomeTokenCount Number of tokens to issue
+    function issue(address _for, uint outcomeTokenCount)
+        public
+        isEventContract
+    {
+        balances[_for] = balances[_for].add(outcomeTokenCount);
+        totalTokens = totalTokens.add(outcomeTokenCount);
+        Issuance(_for, outcomeTokenCount);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Events contract revokes tokens for address. Returns success
+    /// @param _for Address of token holder
+    /// @param outcomeTokenCount Number of tokens to revoke
+    function revoke(address _for, uint outcomeTokenCount)
+        public
+        isEventContract
+    {
+        balances[_for] = balances[_for].sub(outcomeTokenCount);
+        totalTokens = totalTokens.sub(outcomeTokenCount);
+        Revocation(_for, outcomeTokenCount);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Tokens/StandardToken.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Tokens/StandardToken.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc899ca6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Tokens/StandardToken.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+import "../Tokens/Token.sol";
+import "../Utils/Math.sol";
+
+
+/// @title Standard token contract with overflow protection
+contract StandardToken is Token {
+    using Math for *;
+
+    /*
+     *  Storage
+     */
+    mapping (address => uint) balances;
+    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint)) allowances;
+    uint totalTokens;
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Transfers sender's tokens to a given address. Returns success
+    /// @param to Address of token receiver
+    /// @param value Number of tokens to transfer
+    /// @return Was transfer successful?
+    function transfer(address to, uint value)
+        public
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        if (   !balances[msg.sender].safeToSub(value)
+            || !balances[to].safeToAdd(value))
+            return false;
+        balances[msg.sender] -= value;
+        balances[to] += value;
+        Transfer(msg.sender, to, value);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Allows allowed third party to transfer tokens from one address to another. Returns success
+    /// @param from Address from where tokens are withdrawn
+    /// @param to Address to where tokens are sent
+    /// @param value Number of tokens to transfer
+    /// @return Was transfer successful?
+    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value)
+        public
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        if (   !balances[from].safeToSub(value)
+            || !allowances[from][msg.sender].safeToSub(value)
+            || !balances[to].safeToAdd(value))
+            return false;
+        balances[from] -= value;
+        allowances[from][msg.sender] -= value;
+        balances[to] += value;
+        Transfer(from, to, value);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Sets approved amount of tokens for spender. Returns success
+    /// @param spender Address of allowed account
+    /// @param value Number of approved tokens
+    /// @return Was approval successful?
+    function approve(address spender, uint value)
+        public
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        allowances[msg.sender][spender] = value;
+        Approval(msg.sender, spender, value);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns number of allowed tokens for given address
+    /// @param owner Address of token owner
+    /// @param spender Address of token spender
+    /// @return Remaining allowance for spender
+    function allowance(address owner, address spender)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (uint)
+    {
+        return allowances[owner][spender];
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns number of tokens owned by given address
+    /// @param owner Address of token owner
+    /// @return Balance of owner
+    function balanceOf(address owner)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (uint)
+    {
+        return balances[owner];
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns total supply of tokens
+    /// @return Total supply
+    function totalSupply()
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (uint)
+    {
+        return totalTokens;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Tokens/Token.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Tokens/Token.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19bb618b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Tokens/Token.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/// Implements ERC 20 Token standard: https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+
+
+/// @title Abstract token contract - Functions to be implemented by token contracts
+contract Token {
+
+    /*
+     *  Events
+     */
+    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint value);
+    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint value);
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    function transfer(address to, uint value) public returns (bool);
+    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint value) public returns (bool);
+    function approve(address spender, uint value) public returns (bool);
+    function balanceOf(address owner) public constant returns (uint);
+    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public constant returns (uint);
+    function totalSupply() public constant returns (uint);
+}
diff --git a/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Utils/Math.sol b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Utils/Math.sol
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..95d95346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/compilationTests/gnosis/Utils/Math.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
+
+
+/// @title Math library - Allows calculation of logarithmic and exponential functions
+/// @author Alan Lu - <alan.lu@gnosis.pm>
+/// @author Stefan George - <stefan@gnosis.pm>
+library Math {
+
+    /*
+     *  Constants
+     */
+    // This is equal to 1 in our calculations
+    uint public constant ONE =  0x10000000000000000;
+    uint public constant LN2 = 0xb17217f7d1cf79ac;
+    uint public constant LOG2_E = 0x171547652b82fe177;
+
+    /*
+     *  Public functions
+     */
+    /// @dev Returns natural exponential function value of given x
+    /// @param x x
+    /// @return e**x
+    function exp(int x)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (uint)
+    {
+        // revert if x is > MAX_POWER, where
+        // MAX_POWER = int(mp.floor(mp.log(mpf(2**256 - 1) / ONE) * ONE))
+        require(x <= 2454971259878909886679);
+        // return 0 if exp(x) is tiny, using
+        // MIN_POWER = int(mp.floor(mp.log(mpf(1) / ONE) * ONE))
+        if (x < -818323753292969962227)
+            return 0;
+        // Transform so that e^x -> 2^x
+        x = x * int(ONE) / int(LN2);
+        // 2^x = 2^whole(x) * 2^frac(x)
+        //       ^^^^^^^^^^ is a bit shift
+        // so Taylor expand on z = frac(x)
+        int shift;
+        uint z;
+        if (x >= 0) {
+            shift = x / int(ONE);
+            z = uint(x % int(ONE));
+        }
+        else {
+            shift = x / int(ONE) - 1;
+            z = ONE - uint(-x % int(ONE));
+        }
+        // 2^x = 1 + (ln 2) x + (ln 2)^2/2! x^2 + ...
+        //
+        // Can generate the z coefficients using mpmath and the following lines
+        // >>> from mpmath import mp
+        // >>> mp.dps = 100
+        // >>> ONE =  0x10000000000000000
+        // >>> print('\n'.join(hex(int(mp.log(2)**i / mp.factorial(i) * ONE)) for i in range(1, 7)))
+        // 0xb17217f7d1cf79ab
+        // 0x3d7f7bff058b1d50
+        // 0xe35846b82505fc5
+        // 0x276556df749cee5
+        // 0x5761ff9e299cc4
+        // 0xa184897c363c3
+        uint zpow = z;
+        uint result = ONE;
+        result += 0xb17217f7d1cf79ab * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0x3d7f7bff058b1d50 * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0xe35846b82505fc5 * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0x276556df749cee5 * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0x5761ff9e299cc4 * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0xa184897c363c3 * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0xffe5fe2c4586 * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0x162c0223a5c8 * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0x1b5253d395e * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0x1e4cf5158b * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0x1e8cac735 * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0x1c3bd650 * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0x1816193 * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0x131496 * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0xe1b7 * zpow / ONE;
+        zpow = zpow * z / ONE;
+        result += 0x9c7 * zpow / ONE;
+        if (shift >= 0) {
+            if (result >> (256-shift) > 0)
+                return (2**256-1);
+            return result << shift;
+        }
+        else
+            return result >> (-shift);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns natural logarithm value of given x
+    /// @param x x
+    /// @return ln(x)
+    function ln(uint x)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (int)
+    {
+        require(x > 0);
+        // binary search for floor(log2(x))
+        int ilog2 = floorLog2(x);
+        int z;
+        if (ilog2 < 0)
+            z = int(x << uint(-ilog2));
+        else
+            z = int(x >> uint(ilog2));
+        // z = x * 2^-⌊log₂x⌋
+        // so 1 <= z < 2
+        // and ln z = ln x - ⌊log₂x⌋/log₂e
+        // so just compute ln z using artanh series
+        // and calculate ln x from that
+        int term = (z - int(ONE)) * int(ONE) / (z + int(ONE));
+        int halflnz = term;
+        int termpow = term * term / int(ONE) * term / int(ONE);
+        halflnz += termpow / 3;
+        termpow = termpow * term / int(ONE) * term / int(ONE);
+        halflnz += termpow / 5;
+        termpow = termpow * term / int(ONE) * term / int(ONE);
+        halflnz += termpow / 7;
+        termpow = termpow * term / int(ONE) * term / int(ONE);
+        halflnz += termpow / 9;
+        termpow = termpow * term / int(ONE) * term / int(ONE);
+        halflnz += termpow / 11;
+        termpow = termpow * term / int(ONE) * term / int(ONE);
+        halflnz += termpow / 13;
+        termpow = termpow * term / int(ONE) * term / int(ONE);
+        halflnz += termpow / 15;
+        termpow = termpow * term / int(ONE) * term / int(ONE);
+        halflnz += termpow / 17;
+        termpow = termpow * term / int(ONE) * term / int(ONE);
+        halflnz += termpow / 19;
+        termpow = termpow * term / int(ONE) * term / int(ONE);
+        halflnz += termpow / 21;
+        termpow = termpow * term / int(ONE) * term / int(ONE);
+        halflnz += termpow / 23;
+        termpow = termpow * term / int(ONE) * term / int(ONE);
+        halflnz += termpow / 25;
+        return (ilog2 * int(ONE)) * int(ONE) / int(LOG2_E) + 2 * halflnz;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns base 2 logarithm value of given x
+    /// @param x x
+    /// @return logarithmic value
+    function floorLog2(uint x)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (int lo)
+    {
+        lo = -64;
+        int hi = 193;
+        // I use a shift here instead of / 2 because it floors instead of rounding towards 0
+        int mid = (hi + lo) >> 1;
+        while((lo + 1) < hi) {
+            if (mid < 0 && x << uint(-mid) < ONE || mid >= 0 && x >> uint(mid) < ONE)
+                hi = mid;
+            else
+                lo = mid;
+            mid = (hi + lo) >> 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns maximum of an array
+    /// @param nums Numbers to look through
+    /// @return Maximum number
+    function max(int[] nums)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (int max)
+    {
+        require(nums.length > 0);
+        max = -2**255;
+        for (uint i = 0; i < nums.length; i++)
+            if (nums[i] > max)
+                max = nums[i];
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns whether an add operation causes an overflow
+    /// @param a First addend
+    /// @param b Second addend
+    /// @return Did no overflow occur?
+    function safeToAdd(uint a, uint b)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        return a + b >= a;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns whether a subtraction operation causes an underflow
+    /// @param a Minuend
+    /// @param b Subtrahend
+    /// @return Did no underflow occur?
+    function safeToSub(uint a, uint b)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        return a >= b;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns whether a multiply operation causes an overflow
+    /// @param a First factor
+    /// @param b Second factor
+    /// @return Did no overflow occur?
+    function safeToMul(uint a, uint b)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        return b == 0 || a * b / b == a;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns sum if no overflow occurred
+    /// @param a First addend
+    /// @param b Second addend
+    /// @return Sum
+    function add(uint a, uint b)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (uint)
+    {
+        require(safeToAdd(a, b));
+        return a + b;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns difference if no overflow occurred
+    /// @param a Minuend
+    /// @param b Subtrahend
+    /// @return Difference
+    function sub(uint a, uint b)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (uint)
+    {
+        require(safeToSub(a, b));
+        return a - b;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns product if no overflow occurred
+    /// @param a First factor
+    /// @param b Second factor
+    /// @return Product
+    function mul(uint a, uint b)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (uint)
+    {
+        require(safeToMul(a, b));
+        return a * b;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns whether an add operation causes an overflow
+    /// @param a First addend
+    /// @param b Second addend
+    /// @return Did no overflow occur?
+    function safeToAdd(int a, int b)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        return (b >= 0 && a + b >= a) || (b < 0 && a + b < a);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns whether a subtraction operation causes an underflow
+    /// @param a Minuend
+    /// @param b Subtrahend
+    /// @return Did no underflow occur?
+    function safeToSub(int a, int b)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        return (b >= 0 && a - b <= a) || (b < 0 && a - b > a);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns whether a multiply operation causes an overflow
+    /// @param a First factor
+    /// @param b Second factor
+    /// @return Did no overflow occur?
+    function safeToMul(int a, int b)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        return (b == 0) || (a * b / b == a);
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns sum if no overflow occurred
+    /// @param a First addend
+    /// @param b Second addend
+    /// @return Sum
+    function add(int a, int b)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (int)
+    {
+        require(safeToAdd(a, b));
+        return a + b;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns difference if no overflow occurred
+    /// @param a Minuend
+    /// @param b Subtrahend
+    /// @return Difference
+    function sub(int a, int b)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (int)
+    {
+        require(safeToSub(a, b));
+        return a - b;
+    }
+
+    /// @dev Returns product if no overflow occurred
+    /// @param a First factor
+    /// @param b Second factor
+    /// @return Product
+    function mul(int a, int b)
+        public
+        constant
+        returns (int)
+    {
+        require(safeToMul(a, b));
+        return a * b;
+    }
+}