path: root/libsolidity/inlineasm/AsmCodeGen.cpp

/*
    This file is part of solidity.

    solidity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    solidity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with solidity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/**
 * @author Christian <c@ethdev.com>
 * @date 2016
 * Code-generating part of inline assembly.
 */

#include <libsolidity/inlineasm/AsmCodeGen.h>

#include <libsolidity/inlineasm/AsmParser.h>
#include <libsolidity/inlineasm/AsmData.h>
#include <libsolidity/inlineasm/AsmScope.h>
#include <libsolidity/inlineasm/AsmAnalysis.h>
#include <libsolidity/inlineasm/AsmAnalysisInfo.h>

#include <libevmasm/Assembly.h>
#include <libevmasm/SourceLocation.h>
#include <libevmasm/Instruction.h>

#include <libjulia/backends/AbstractAssembly.h>

#include <libdevcore/CommonIO.h>

#include <boost/range/adaptor/reversed.hpp>
#include <boost/range/adaptor/map.hpp>
#include <boost/range/algorithm/count_if.hpp>

#include <memory>
#include <functional>

using namespace std;
using namespace dev;
using namespace dev::solidity;
using namespace dev::solidity::assembly;

struct GeneratorState
{
    GeneratorState(ErrorList& _errors, AsmAnalysisInfo& _analysisInfo):
        errors(_errors), info(_analysisInfo) {}

    ErrorList& errors;
    AsmAnalysisInfo info;
};

class EthAssemblyAdapter: public julia::AbstractAssembly
{
public:
    EthAssemblyAdapter(eth::Assembly& _assembly):
        m_assembly(_assembly)
    {
    }
    virtual void setSourceLocation(SourceLocation const& _location) override
    {
        m_assembly.setSourceLocation(_location);
    }
    virtual int stackHeight() const override { return m_assembly.deposit(); }
    virtual void appendInstruction(solidity::Instruction _instruction) override
    {
        m_assembly.append(_instruction);
    }
    virtual void appendConstant(u256 const& _constant) override
    {
        m_assembly.append(_constant);
    }
    /// Append a label.
    virtual void appendLabel(size_t _labelId) override
    {
        m_assembly.append(eth::AssemblyItem(eth::Tag, _labelId));
    }
    /// Append a label reference.
    virtual void appendLabelReference(size_t _labelId) override
    {
        m_assembly.append(eth::AssemblyItem(eth::PushTag, _labelId));
    }
    virtual size_t newLabelId() override
    {
        return assemblyTagToIdentifier(m_assembly.newTag());
    }
    virtual void appendLinkerSymbol(std::string const& _linkerSymbol) override
    {
        m_assembly.appendLibraryAddress(_linkerSymbol);
    }

private:
    size_t assemblyTagToIdentifier(eth::AssemblyItem const& _tag) const
    {
        u256 id = _tag.data();
        solAssert(id <= std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max(), "Tag id too large.");
        return size_t(id);
    }

    eth::Assembly& m_assembly;
};

class CodeTransform: public boost::static_visitor<>
{
public:
    /// Create the code transformer which appends assembly to _state.assembly when called
    /// with parsed assembly data.
    /// @param _identifierAccess used to resolve identifiers external to the inline assembly
    explicit CodeTransform(
        GeneratorState& _state,
        julia::AbstractAssembly& _assembly,
        assembly::Block const& _block,
        assembly::ExternalIdentifierAccess const& _identifierAccess = assembly::ExternalIdentifierAccess()
    ): CodeTransform(_state, _assembly, _block, _identifierAccess, _assembly.stackHeight())
    {
    }

private:
    CodeTransform(
        GeneratorState& _state,
        julia::AbstractAssembly& _assembly,
        assembly::Block const& _block,
        assembly::ExternalIdentifierAccess const& _identifierAccess,
        int _initialStackHeight
    ):
        m_state(_state),
        m_assembly(_assembly),
        m_scope(*m_state.info.scopes.at(&_block)),
        m_identifierAccess(_identifierAccess),
        m_initialStackHeight(_initialStackHeight)
    {
        int blockStartStackHeight = m_assembly.stackHeight();
        std::for_each(_block.statements.begin(), _block.statements.end(), boost::apply_visitor(*this));

        m_assembly.setSourceLocation(_block.location);

        // pop variables
        for (auto const& identifier: m_scope.identifiers)
            if (identifier.second.type() == typeid(Scope::Variable))
                m_assembly.appendInstruction(solidity::Instruction::POP);

        int deposit = m_assembly.stackHeight() - blockStartStackHeight;
        solAssert(deposit == 0, "Invalid stack height at end of block.");
    }

public:
    void operator()(assembly::Instruction const& _instruction)
    {
        m_assembly.setSourceLocation(_instruction.location);
        m_assembly.appendInstruction(_instruction.instruction);
        checkStackHeight(&_instruction);
    }
    void operator()(assembly::Literal const& _literal)
    {
        m_assembly.setSourceLocation(_literal.location);
        if (_literal.kind == assembly::LiteralKind::Number)
            m_assembly.appendConstant(u256(_literal.value));
        else if (_literal.kind == assembly::LiteralKind::Boolean)
        {
            if (_literal.value == "true")
                m_assembly.appendConstant(u256(1));
            else
                m_assembly.appendConstant(u256(0));
        }
        else
        {
            solAssert(_literal.value.size() <= 32, "");
            m_assembly.appendConstant(u256(h256(_literal.value, h256::FromBinary, h256::AlignLeft)));
        }
        checkStackHeight(&_literal);
    }
    void operator()(assembly::Identifier const& _identifier)
    {
        m_assembly.setSourceLocation(_identifier.location);
        // First search internals, then externals.
        if (m_scope.lookup(_identifier.name, Scope::NonconstVisitor(
            [=](Scope::Variable& _var)
            {
                if (int heightDiff = variableHeightDiff(_var, _identifier.location, false))
                    m_assembly.appendInstruction(solidity::dupInstruction(heightDiff));
                else
                    // Store something to balance the stack
                    m_assembly.appendConstant(u256(0));
            },
            [=](Scope::Label& _label)
            {
                assignLabelIdIfUnset(_label);
                m_assembly.appendLabelReference(*_label.id);
            },
            [=](Scope::Function&)
            {
                solAssert(false, "Function not removed during desugaring.");
            }
        )))
        {
            return;
        }
        solAssert(
            m_identifierAccess.generateCode,
            "Identifier not found and no external access available."
        );
        m_identifierAccess.generateCode(_identifier, IdentifierContext::RValue, m_assembly);
        checkStackHeight(&_identifier);
    }
    void operator()(FunctionalInstruction const& _instr)
    {
        for (auto it = _instr.arguments.rbegin(); it != _instr.arguments.rend(); ++it)
        {
            int height = m_assembly.stackHeight();
            boost::apply_visitor(*this, *it);
            expectDeposit(1, height);
        }
        (*this)(_instr.instruction);
        checkStackHeight(&_instr);
    }
    void operator()(assembly::FunctionCall const&)
    {
        solAssert(false, "Function call not removed during desugaring phase.");
    }
    void operator()(Label const& _label)
    {
        m_assembly.setSourceLocation(_label.location);
        solAssert(m_scope.identifiers.count(_label.name), "");
        Scope::Label& label = boost::get<Scope::Label>(m_scope.identifiers.at(_label.name));
        assignLabelIdIfUnset(label);
        m_assembly.appendLabel(*label.id);
        checkStackHeight(&_label);
    }
    void operator()(assembly::StackAssignment const& _assignment)
    {
        m_assembly.setSourceLocation(_assignment.location);
        generateAssignment(_assignment.variableName, _assignment.location);
        checkStackHeight(&_assignment);
    }
    void operator()(assembly::Assignment const& _assignment)
    {
        int height = m_assembly.stackHeight();
        boost::apply_visitor(*this, *_assignment.value);
        expectDeposit(1, height);
        m_assembly.setSourceLocation(_assignment.location);
        generateAssignment(_assignment.variableName, _assignment.location);
        checkStackHeight(&_assignment);
    }
    void operator()(assembly::VariableDeclaration const& _varDecl)
    {
        int height = m_assembly.stackHeight();
        int expectedItems = _varDecl.variables.size();
        boost::apply_visitor(*this, *_varDecl.value);
        expectDeposit(expectedItems, height);
        for (auto const& variable: _varDecl.variables)
        {
            auto& var = boost::get<Scope::Variable>(m_scope.identifiers.at(variable.name));
            var.stackHeight = height++;
            var.active = true;
        }
    }
    void operator()(assembly::Block const& _block)
    {
        CodeTransform(m_state, m_assembly, _block, m_identifierAccess, m_initialStackHeight);
        checkStackHeight(&_block);
    }
    void operator()(assembly::FunctionDefinition const&)
    {
        solAssert(false, "Function definition not removed during desugaring phase.");
    }

private:
    void generateAssignment(assembly::Identifier const& _variableName, SourceLocation const& _location)
    {
        auto var = m_scope.lookup(_variableName.name);
        if (var)
        {
            Scope::Variable const& _var = boost::get<Scope::Variable>(*var);
            if (int heightDiff = variableHeightDiff(_var, _location, true))
                m_assembly.appendInstruction(solidity::swapInstruction(heightDiff - 1));
            m_assembly.appendInstruction(solidity::Instruction::POP);
        }
        else
        {
            solAssert(
                m_identifierAccess.generateCode,
                "Identifier not found and no external access available."
            );
            m_identifierAccess.generateCode(_variableName, IdentifierContext::LValue, m_assembly);
        }
    }

    /// Determines the stack height difference to the given variables. Automatically generates
    /// errors if it is not yet in scope or the height difference is too large. Returns 0 on
    /// errors and the (positive) stack height difference otherwise.
    int variableHeightDiff(Scope::Variable const& _var, SourceLocation const& _location, bool _forSwap)
    {
        int heightDiff = m_assembly.stackHeight() - _var.stackHeight;
        if (heightDiff <= (_forSwap ? 1 : 0) || heightDiff > (_forSwap ? 17 : 16))
        {
            //@TODO move this to analysis phase.
            m_state.errors.push_back(make_shared<Error>(
                Error::Type::TypeError,
                "Variable inaccessible, too deep inside stack (" + boost::lexical_cast<string>(heightDiff) + ")",
                _location
            ));
            return 0;
        }
        else
            return heightDiff;
    }

    void expectDeposit(int _deposit, int _oldHeight)
    {
        solAssert(m_assembly.stackHeight() == _oldHeight + _deposit, "Invalid stack deposit.");
    }

    void checkStackHeight(void const* _astElement)
    {
        solAssert(m_state.info.stackHeightInfo.count(_astElement), "Stack height for AST element not found.");
        solAssert(
            m_state.info.stackHeightInfo.at(_astElement) == m_assembly.stackHeight() - m_initialStackHeight,
            "Stack height mismatch between analysis and code generation phase."
        );
    }

    /// Assigns the label's id to a value taken from eth::Assembly if it has not yet been set.
    void assignLabelIdIfUnset(Scope::Label& _label)
    {
        if (!_label.id)
            _label.id.reset(m_assembly.newLabelId());
    }


    GeneratorState& m_state;
    julia::AbstractAssembly& m_assembly;
    Scope& m_scope;
    ExternalIdentifierAccess m_identifierAccess;
    int const m_initialStackHeight;
};

eth::Assembly assembly::CodeGenerator::assemble(
    Block const& _parsedData,
    AsmAnalysisInfo& _analysisInfo,
    ExternalIdentifierAccess const& _identifierAccess
)
{
    eth::Assembly assembly;
    GeneratorState state(m_errors, _analysisInfo);
    EthAssemblyAdapter assemblyAdapter(assembly);
    CodeTransform(state, assemblyAdapter, _parsedData, _identifierAccess);
    return assembly;
}

void assembly::CodeGenerator::assemble(
    Block const& _parsedData,
    AsmAnalysisInfo& _analysisInfo,
    eth::Assembly& _assembly,
    ExternalIdentifierAccess const& _identifierAccess
)
{
    GeneratorState state(m_errors, _analysisInfo);
    EthAssemblyAdapter assemblyAdapter(_assembly);
    CodeTransform(state, assemblyAdapter, _parsedData, _identifierAccess);
}