/*
This file is part of solidity.
solidity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
solidity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with solidity. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/** @file Instruction.h
* @author Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
* @date 2014
*/
#pragma once
#include <functional>
#include <libdevcore/Common.h>
#include <libdevcore/Assertions.h>
#include "Exceptions.h"
namespace dev
{
namespace solidity
{
DEV_SIMPLE_EXCEPTION(InvalidDeposit);
DEV_SIMPLE_EXCEPTION(InvalidOpcode);
/// Virtual machine bytecode instruction.
enum class Instruction: uint8_t
{
STOP = 0x00, ///< halts execution
ADD, ///< addition operation
MUL, ///< mulitplication operation
SUB, ///< subtraction operation
DIV, ///< integer division operation
SDIV, ///< signed integer division operation
MOD, ///< modulo remainder operation
SMOD, ///< signed modulo remainder operation
ADDMOD, ///< unsigned modular addition
MULMOD, ///< unsigned modular multiplication
EXP, ///< exponential operation
SIGNEXTEND, ///< extend length of signed integer
LT = 0x10, ///< less-than comparision
GT, ///< greater-than comparision
SLT, ///< signed less-than comparision
SGT, ///< signed greater-than comparision
EQ, ///< equality comparision
ISZERO, ///< simple not operator
AND, ///< bitwise AND operation
OR, ///< bitwise OR operation
XOR, ///< bitwise XOR operation
NOT, ///< bitwise NOT opertation
BYTE, ///< retrieve single byte from word
KECCAK256 = 0x20, ///< compute KECCAK-256 hash
ADDRESS = 0x30, ///< get address of currently executing account
BALANCE, ///< get balance of the given account
ORIGIN, ///< get execution origination address
CALLER, ///< get caller address
CALLVALUE, ///< get deposited value by the instruction/transaction responsible for this execution
CALLDATALOAD, ///< get input data of current environment
CALLDATASIZE, ///< get size of input data in current environment
CALLDATACOPY, ///< copy input data in current environment to memory
CODESIZE, ///< get size of code running in current environment
CODECOPY, ///< copy code running in current environment to memory
GASPRICE, ///< get price of gas in current environment
EXTCODESIZE, ///< get external code size (from another contract)
EXTCODECOPY, ///< copy external code (from another contract)
RETURNDATASIZE = 0x3d, ///< get size of return data buffer
RETURNDATACOPY = 0x3e, ///< copy return data in current environment to memory
BLOCKHASH = 0x40, ///< get hash of most recent complete block
COINBASE, ///< get the block's coinbase address
TIMESTAMP, ///< get the block's timestamp
NUMBER, ///< get the block's number
DIFFICULTY, ///< get the block's difficulty
GASLIMIT, ///< get the block's gas limit
JUMPTO = 0x4a, ///< alter the program counter to a jumpdest -- not part of Instructions.cpp
JUMPIF, ///< conditionally alter the program counter -- not part of Instructions.cpp
JUMPV, ///< alter the program counter to a jumpdest -- not part of Instructions.cpp
JUMPSUB, ///< alter the program counter to a beginsub -- not part of Instructions.cpp
JUMPSUBV, ///< alter the program counter to a beginsub -- not part of Instructions.cpp
RETURNSUB, ///< return to subroutine jumped from -- not part of Instructions.cpp
POP = 0x50, ///< remove item from stack
MLOAD, ///< load word from memory
MSTORE, ///< save word to memory
MSTORE8, ///< save byte to memory
SLOAD, ///< load word from storage
SSTORE, ///< save word to storage
JUMP, ///< alter the program counter
JUMPI, ///< conditionally alter the program counter
PC, ///< get the program counter
MSIZE, ///< get the size of active memory
GAS, ///< get the amount of available gas
JUMPDEST, ///< set a potential jump destination
BEGINSUB, ///< set a potential jumpsub destination -- not part of Instructions.cpp
BEGINDATA, ///< begine the data section -- not part of Instructions.cpp
PUSH1 = 0x60, ///< place 1 byte item on stack
PUSH2, ///< place 2 byte item on stack
PUSH3, ///< place 3 byte item on stack
PUSH4, ///< place 4 byte item on stack
PUSH5, ///< place 5 byte item on stack
PUSH6, ///< place 6 byte item on stack
PUSH7, ///< place 7 byte item on stack
PUSH8, ///< place 8 byte item on stack
PUSH9, ///< place 9 byte item on stack
PUSH10, ///< place 10 byte item on stack
PUSH11, ///< place 11 byte item on stack
PUSH12, ///< place 12 byte item on stack
PUSH13, ///< place 13 byte item on stack
PUSH14, ///< place 14 byte item on stack
PUSH15, ///< place 15 byte item on stack
PUSH16, ///< place 16 byte item on stack
PUSH17, ///< place 17 byte item on stack
PUSH18, ///< place 18 byte item on stack
PUSH19, ///< place 19 byte item on stack
PUSH20, ///< place 20 byte item on stack
PUSH21, ///< place 21 byte item on stack
PUSH22, ///< place 22 byte item on stack
PUSH23, ///< place 23 byte item on stack
PUSH24, ///< place 24 byte item on stack
PUSH25, ///< place 25 byte item on stack
PUSH26, ///< place 26 byte item on stack
PUSH27, ///< place 27 byte item on stack
PUSH28, ///< place 28 byte item on stack
PUSH29, ///< place 29 byte item on stack
PUSH30, ///< place 30 byte item on stack
PUSH31, ///< place 31 byte item on stack
PUSH32, ///< place 32 byte item on stack
DUP1 = 0x80, ///< copies the highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP2, ///< copies the second highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP3, ///< copies the third highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP4, ///< copies the 4th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP5, ///< copies the 5th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP6, ///< copies the 6th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP7, ///< copies the 7th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP8, ///< copies the 8th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP9, ///< copies the 9th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP10, ///< copies the 10th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP11, ///< copies the 11th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP12, ///< copies the 12th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP13, ///< copies the 13th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP14, ///< copies the 14th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP15, ///< copies the 15th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
DUP16, ///< copies the 16th highest item in the stack to the top of the stack
SWAP1 = 0x90, ///< swaps the highest and second highest value on the stack
SWAP2, ///< swaps the highest and third highest value on the stack
SWAP3, ///< swaps the highest and 4th highest value on the stack
SWAP4, ///< swaps the highest and 5th highest value on the stack
SWAP5, ///< swaps the highest and 6th highest value on the stack
SWAP6, ///< swaps the highest and 7th highest value on the stack
SWAP7, ///< swaps the highest and 8th highest value on the stack
SWAP8, ///< swaps the highest and 9th highest value on the stack
SWAP9, ///< swaps the highest and 10th highest value on the stack
SWAP10, ///< swaps the highest and 11th highest value on the stack
SWAP11, ///< swaps the highest and 12th highest value on the stack
SWAP12, ///< swaps the highest and 13th highest value on the stack
SWAP13, ///< swaps the highest and 14th highest value on the stack
SWAP14, ///< swaps the highest and 15th highest value on the stack
SWAP15, ///< swaps the highest and 16th highest value on the stack
SWAP16, ///< swaps the highest and 17th highest value on the stack
LOG0 = 0xa0, ///< Makes a log entry; no topics.
LOG1, ///< Makes a log entry; 1 topic.
LOG2, ///< Makes a log entry; 2 topics.
LOG3, ///< Makes a log entry; 3 topics.
LOG4, ///< Makes a log entry; 4 topics.
CREATE = 0xf0, ///< create a new account with associated code
CALL, ///< message-call into an account
CALLCODE, ///< message-call with another account's code only
RETURN, ///< halt execution returning output data
DELEGATECALL, ///< like CALLCODE but keeps caller's value and sender
STATICCALL = 0xfa, ///< like CALL but disallow state modifications
CREATE2 = 0xfb, ///< create new account with associated code at address `sha3(sender + salt + sha3(init code)) % 2**160`
REVERT = 0xfd, ///< halt execution, revert state and return output data
INVALID = 0xfe, ///< invalid instruction for expressing runtime errors (e.g., division-by-zero)
SELFDESTRUCT = 0xff ///< halt execution and register account for later deletion
};
/// @returns the number of PUSH Instruction _inst
inline unsigned getPushNumber(Instruction _inst)
{
return (byte)_inst - unsigned(Instruction::PUSH1) + 1;
}
/// @returns the number of DUP Instruction _inst
inline unsigned getDupNumber(Instruction _inst)
{
return (byte)_inst - unsigned(Instruction::DUP1) + 1;
}
/// @returns the number of SWAP Instruction _inst
inline unsigned getSwapNumber(Instruction _inst)
{
return (byte)_inst - unsigned(Instruction::SWAP1) + 1;
}
/// @returns the PUSH<_number> instruction
inline Instruction pushInstruction(unsigned _number)
{
assertThrow(1 <= _number && _number <= 32, InvalidOpcode, std::string("Invalid PUSH instruction requested (") + std::to_string(_number) + ").");
return Instruction(unsigned(Instruction::PUSH1) + _number - 1);
}
/// @returns the DUP<_number> instruction
inline Instruction dupInstruction(unsigned _number)
{
assertThrow(1 <= _number && _number <= 16, InvalidOpcode, std::string("Invalid DUP instruction requested (") + std::to_string(_number) + ").");
return Instruction(unsigned(Instruction::DUP1) + _number - 1);
}
/// @returns the SWAP<_number> instruction
inline Instruction swapInstruction(unsigned _number)
{
assertThrow(1 <= _number && _number <= 16, InvalidOpcode, std::string("Invalid SWAP instruction requested (") + std::to_string(_number) + ").");
return Instruction(unsigned(Instruction::SWAP1) + _number - 1);
}
/// @returns the LOG<_number> instruction
inline Instruction logInstruction(unsigned _number)
{
assertThrow(_number <= 4, InvalidOpcode, std::string("Invalid LOG instruction requested (") + std::to_string(_number) + ").");
return Instruction(unsigned(Instruction::LOG0) + _number);
}
enum class Tier : unsigned
{
Zero = 0, // 0, Zero
Base, // 2, Quick
VeryLow, // 3, Fastest
Low, // 5, Fast
Mid, // 8, Mid
High, // 10, Slow
Ext, // 20, Ext
ExtCode, // 700, Extcode
Balance, // 400, Balance
Special, // multiparam or otherwise special
Invalid // Invalid.
};
/// Information structure for a particular instruction.
struct InstructionInfo
{
std::string name; ///< The name of the instruction.
int additional; ///< Additional items required in memory for this instructions (only for PUSH).
int args; ///< Number of items required on the stack for this instruction (and, for the purposes of ret, the number taken from the stack).
int ret; ///< Number of items placed (back) on the stack by this instruction, assuming args items were removed.
bool sideEffects; ///< false if the only effect on the execution environment (apart from gas usage) is a change to a topmost segment of the stack
Tier gasPriceTier; ///< Tier for gas pricing.
};
/// Information on all the instructions.
InstructionInfo instructionInfo(Instruction _inst);
/// check whether instructions exists
bool isValidInstruction(Instruction _inst);
/// Convert from string mnemonic to Instruction type.
extern const std::map<std::string, Instruction> c_instructions;
/// Iterate through EVM code and call a function on each instruction.
void eachInstruction(bytes const& _mem, std::function<void(Instruction,u256 const&)> const& _onInstruction);
/// Convert from EVM code to simple EVM assembly language.
std::string disassemble(bytes const& _mem);
}
}
