path: root/p2p/enode/nodedb.go

// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package enode

import (
    "bytes"
    "crypto/rand"
    "encoding/binary"
    "fmt"
    "net"
    "os"
    "sync"
    "time"

    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
    "github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb"
    "github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/errors"
    "github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/iterator"
    "github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/opt"
    "github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/storage"
    "github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb/util"
)

// Keys in the node database.
const (
    dbVersionKey   = "version" // Version of the database to flush if changes
    dbNodePrefix   = "n:"      // Identifier to prefix node entries with
    dbLocalPrefix  = "local:"
    dbDiscoverRoot = "v4"

    // These fields are stored per ID and IP, the full key is "n:<ID>:v4:<IP>:findfail".
    // Use nodeItemKey to create those keys.
    dbNodeFindFails = "findfail"
    dbNodePing      = "lastping"
    dbNodePong      = "lastpong"
    dbNodeSeq       = "seq"

    // Local information is keyed by ID only, the full key is "local:<ID>:seq".
    // Use localItemKey to create those keys.
    dbLocalSeq = "seq"
)

const (
    dbNodeExpiration = 24 * time.Hour // Time after which an unseen node should be dropped.
    dbCleanupCycle   = time.Hour      // Time period for running the expiration task.
    dbVersion        = 8
)

var zeroIP = make(net.IP, 16)

// DB is the node database, storing previously seen nodes and any collected metadata about
// them for QoS purposes.
type DB struct {
    lvl    *leveldb.DB   // Interface to the database itself
    runner sync.Once     // Ensures we can start at most one expirer
    quit   chan struct{} // Channel to signal the expiring thread to stop
}

// OpenDB opens a node database for storing and retrieving infos about known peers in the
// network. If no path is given an in-memory, temporary database is constructed.
func OpenDB(path string) (*DB, error) {
    if path == "" {
        return newMemoryDB()
    }
    return newPersistentDB(path)
}

// newMemoryNodeDB creates a new in-memory node database without a persistent backend.
func newMemoryDB() (*DB, error) {
    db, err := leveldb.Open(storage.NewMemStorage(), nil)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    return &DB{lvl: db, quit: make(chan struct{})}, nil
}

// newPersistentNodeDB creates/opens a leveldb backed persistent node database,
// also flushing its contents in case of a version mismatch.
func newPersistentDB(path string) (*DB, error) {
    opts := &opt.Options{OpenFilesCacheCapacity: 5}
    db, err := leveldb.OpenFile(path, opts)
    if _, iscorrupted := err.(*errors.ErrCorrupted); iscorrupted {
        db, err = leveldb.RecoverFile(path, nil)
    }
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    // The nodes contained in the cache correspond to a certain protocol version.
    // Flush all nodes if the version doesn't match.
    currentVer := make([]byte, binary.MaxVarintLen64)
    currentVer = currentVer[:binary.PutVarint(currentVer, int64(dbVersion))]

    blob, err := db.Get([]byte(dbVersionKey), nil)
    switch err {
    case leveldb.ErrNotFound:
        // Version not found (i.e. empty cache), insert it
        if err := db.Put([]byte(dbVersionKey), currentVer, nil); err != nil {
            db.Close()
            return nil, err
        }

    case nil:
        // Version present, flush if different
        if !bytes.Equal(blob, currentVer) {
            db.Close()
            if err = os.RemoveAll(path); err != nil {
                return nil, err
            }
            return newPersistentDB(path)
        }
    }
    return &DB{lvl: db, quit: make(chan struct{})}, nil
}

// nodeKey returns the database key for a node record.
func nodeKey(id ID) []byte {
    key := append([]byte(dbNodePrefix), id[:]...)
    key = append(key, ':')
    key = append(key, dbDiscoverRoot...)
    return key
}

// splitNodeKey returns the node ID of a key created by nodeKey.
func splitNodeKey(key []byte) (id ID, rest []byte) {
    if !bytes.HasPrefix(key, []byte(dbNodePrefix)) {
        return ID{}, nil
    }
    item := key[len(dbNodePrefix):]
    copy(id[:], item[:len(id)])
    return id, item[len(id)+1:]
}

// nodeItemKey returns the database key for a node metadata field.
func nodeItemKey(id ID, ip net.IP, field string) []byte {
    ip16 := ip.To16()
    if ip16 == nil {
        panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid IP (length %d)", len(ip)))
    }
    return bytes.Join([][]byte{nodeKey(id), ip16, []byte(field)}, []byte{':'})
}

// splitNodeItemKey returns the components of a key created by nodeItemKey.
func splitNodeItemKey(key []byte) (id ID, ip net.IP, field string) {
    id, key = splitNodeKey(key)
    // Skip discover root.
    if string(key) == dbDiscoverRoot {
        return id, nil, ""
    }
    key = key[len(dbDiscoverRoot)+1:]
    // Split out the IP.
    ip = net.IP(key[:16])
    if ip4 := ip.To4(); ip4 != nil {
        ip = ip4
    }
    key = key[16+1:]
    // Field is the remainder of key.
    field = string(key)
    return id, ip, field
}

// localItemKey returns the key of a local node item.
func localItemKey(id ID, field string) []byte {
    key := append([]byte(dbLocalPrefix), id[:]...)
    key = append(key, ':')
    key = append(key, field...)
    return key
}

// fetchInt64 retrieves an integer associated with a particular key.
func (db *DB) fetchInt64(key []byte) int64 {
    blob, err := db.lvl.Get(key, nil)
    if err != nil {
        return 0
    }
    val, read := binary.Varint(blob)
    if read <= 0 {
        return 0
    }
    return val
}

// storeInt64 stores an integer in the given key.
func (db *DB) storeInt64(key []byte, n int64) error {
    blob := make([]byte, binary.MaxVarintLen64)
    blob = blob[:binary.PutVarint(blob, n)]
    return db.lvl.Put(key, blob, nil)
}

// fetchUint64 retrieves an integer associated with a particular key.
func (db *DB) fetchUint64(key []byte) uint64 {
    blob, err := db.lvl.Get(key, nil)
    if err != nil {
        return 0
    }
    val, _ := binary.Uvarint(blob)
    return val
}

// storeUint64 stores an integer in the given key.
func (db *DB) storeUint64(key []byte, n uint64) error {
    blob := make([]byte, binary.MaxVarintLen64)
    blob = blob[:binary.PutUvarint(blob, n)]
    return db.lvl.Put(key, blob, nil)
}

// Node retrieves a node with a given id from the database.
func (db *DB) Node(id ID) *Node {
    blob, err := db.lvl.Get(nodeKey(id), nil)
    if err != nil {
        return nil
    }
    return mustDecodeNode(id[:], blob)
}

func mustDecodeNode(id, data []byte) *Node {
    node := new(Node)
    if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(data, &node.r); err != nil {
        panic(fmt.Errorf("p2p/enode: can't decode node %x in DB: %v", id, err))
    }
    // Restore node id cache.
    copy(node.id[:], id)
    return node
}

// UpdateNode inserts - potentially overwriting - a node into the peer database.
func (db *DB) UpdateNode(node *Node) error {
    if node.Seq() < db.NodeSeq(node.ID()) {
        return nil
    }
    blob, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(&node.r)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    if err := db.lvl.Put(nodeKey(node.ID()), blob, nil); err != nil {
        return err
    }
    return db.storeUint64(nodeItemKey(node.ID(), zeroIP, dbNodeSeq), node.Seq())
}

// NodeSeq returns the stored record sequence number of the given node.
func (db *DB) NodeSeq(id ID) uint64 {
    return db.fetchUint64(nodeItemKey(id, zeroIP, dbNodeSeq))
}

// Resolve returns the stored record of the node if it has a larger sequence
// number than n.
func (db *DB) Resolve(n *Node) *Node {
    if n.Seq() > db.NodeSeq(n.ID()) {
        return n
    }
    return db.Node(n.ID())
}

// DeleteNode deletes all information associated with a node.
func (db *DB) DeleteNode(id ID) {
    deleteRange(db.lvl, nodeKey(id))
}

func deleteRange(db *leveldb.DB, prefix []byte) {
    it := db.NewIterator(util.BytesPrefix(prefix), nil)
    defer it.Release()
    for it.Next() {
        db.Delete(it.Key(), nil)
    }
}

// ensureExpirer is a small helper method ensuring that the data expiration
// mechanism is running. If the expiration goroutine is already running, this
// method simply returns.
//
// The goal is to start the data evacuation only after the network successfully
// bootstrapped itself (to prevent dumping potentially useful seed nodes). Since
// it would require significant overhead to exactly trace the first successful
// convergence, it's simpler to "ensure" the correct state when an appropriate
// condition occurs (i.e. a successful bonding), and discard further events.
func (db *DB) ensureExpirer() {
    db.runner.Do(func() { go db.expirer() })
}

// expirer should be started in a go routine, and is responsible for looping ad
// infinitum and dropping stale data from the database.
func (db *DB) expirer() {
    tick := time.NewTicker(dbCleanupCycle)
    defer tick.Stop()
    for {
        select {
        case <-tick.C:
            db.expireNodes()
        case <-db.quit:
            return
        }
    }
}

// expireNodes iterates over the database and deletes all nodes that have not
// been seen (i.e. received a pong from) for some time.
func (db *DB) expireNodes() {
    it := db.lvl.NewIterator(util.BytesPrefix([]byte(dbNodePrefix)), nil)
    defer it.Release()
    if !it.Next() {
        return
    }

    var (
        threshold    = time.Now().Add(-dbNodeExpiration).Unix()
        youngestPong int64
        atEnd        = false
    )
    for !atEnd {
        id, ip, field := splitNodeItemKey(it.Key())
        if field == dbNodePong {
            time, _ := binary.Varint(it.Value())
            if time > youngestPong {
                youngestPong = time
            }
            if time < threshold {
                // Last pong from this IP older than threshold, remove fields belonging to it.
                deleteRange(db.lvl, nodeItemKey(id, ip, ""))
            }
        }
        atEnd = !it.Next()
        nextID, _ := splitNodeKey(it.Key())
        if atEnd || nextID != id {
            // We've moved beyond the last entry of the current ID.
            // Remove everything if there was no recent enough pong.
            if youngestPong > 0 && youngestPong < threshold {
                deleteRange(db.lvl, nodeKey(id))
            }
            youngestPong = 0
        }
    }
}

// LastPingReceived retrieves the time of the last ping packet received from
// a remote node.
func (db *DB) LastPingReceived(id ID, ip net.IP) time.Time {
    return time.Unix(db.fetchInt64(nodeItemKey(id, ip, dbNodePing)), 0)
}

// UpdateLastPingReceived updates the last time we tried contacting a remote node.
func (db *DB) UpdateLastPingReceived(id ID, ip net.IP, instance time.Time) error {
    return db.storeInt64(nodeItemKey(id, ip, dbNodePing), instance.Unix())
}

// LastPongReceived retrieves the time of the last successful pong from remote node.
func (db *DB) LastPongReceived(id ID, ip net.IP) time.Time {
    // Launch expirer
    db.ensureExpirer()
    return time.Unix(db.fetchInt64(nodeItemKey(id, ip, dbNodePong)), 0)
}

// UpdateLastPongReceived updates the last pong time of a node.
func (db *DB) UpdateLastPongReceived(id ID, ip net.IP, instance time.Time) error {
    return db.storeInt64(nodeItemKey(id, ip, dbNodePong), instance.Unix())
}

// FindFails retrieves the number of findnode failures since bonding.
func (db *DB) FindFails(id ID, ip net.IP) int {
    return int(db.fetchInt64(nodeItemKey(id, ip, dbNodeFindFails)))
}

// UpdateFindFails updates the number of findnode failures since bonding.
func (db *DB) UpdateFindFails(id ID, ip net.IP, fails int) error {
    return db.storeInt64(nodeItemKey(id, ip, dbNodeFindFails), int64(fails))
}

// LocalSeq retrieves the local record sequence counter.
func (db *DB) localSeq(id ID) uint64 {
    return db.fetchUint64(nodeItemKey(id, zeroIP, dbLocalSeq))
}

// storeLocalSeq stores the local record sequence counter.
func (db *DB) storeLocalSeq(id ID, n uint64) {
    db.storeUint64(nodeItemKey(id, zeroIP, dbLocalSeq), n)
}

// QuerySeeds retrieves random nodes to be used as potential seed nodes
// for bootstrapping.
func (db *DB) QuerySeeds(n int, maxAge time.Duration) []*Node {
    var (
        now   = time.Now()
        nodes = make([]*Node, 0, n)
        it    = db.lvl.NewIterator(nil, nil)
        id    ID
    )
    defer it.Release()

seek:
    for seeks := 0; len(nodes) < n && seeks < n*5; seeks++ {
        // Seek to a random entry. The first byte is incremented by a
        // random amount each time in order to increase the likelihood
        // of hitting all existing nodes in very small databases.
        ctr := id[0]
        rand.Read(id[:])
        id[0] = ctr + id[0]%16
        it.Seek(nodeKey(id))

        n := nextNode(it)
        if n == nil {
            id[0] = 0
            continue seek // iterator exhausted
        }
        if now.Sub(db.LastPongReceived(n.ID(), n.IP())) > maxAge {
            continue seek
        }
        for i := range nodes {
            if nodes[i].ID() == n.ID() {
                continue seek // duplicate
            }
        }
        nodes = append(nodes, n)
    }
    return nodes
}

// reads the next node record from the iterator, skipping over other
// database entries.
func nextNode(it iterator.Iterator) *Node {
    for end := false; !end; end = !it.Next() {
        id, rest := splitNodeKey(it.Key())
        if string(rest) != dbDiscoverRoot {
            continue
        }
        return mustDecodeNode(id[:], it.Value())
    }
    return nil
}

// close flushes and closes the database files.
func (db *DB) Close() {
    close(db.quit)
    db.lvl.Close()
}