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-rw-r--r--ethchain/dagger.go5
-rw-r--r--ethchain/state_manager.go3
-rw-r--r--ethereum.go11
-rw-r--r--ethlog/loggers.go57
-rw-r--r--ethlog/loggers_test.go23
-rw-r--r--ethminer/miner.go12
-rw-r--r--ethreact/README.md40
-rw-r--r--ethreact/reactor.go181
-rw-r--r--ethreact/reactor_test.go63
-rw-r--r--ethutil/reactor.go87
-rw-r--r--ethutil/reactor_test.go30
11 files changed, 353 insertions, 159 deletions
diff --git a/ethchain/dagger.go b/ethchain/dagger.go
index 4dda21ff5..adf1c2f05 100644
--- a/ethchain/dagger.go
+++ b/ethchain/dagger.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package ethchain
import (
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethcrypto"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethlog"
+ "github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethreact"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethutil"
"github.com/obscuren/sha3"
"hash"
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ import (
var powlogger = ethlog.NewLogger("POW")
type PoW interface {
- Search(block *Block, reactChan chan ethutil.React) []byte
+ Search(block *Block, reactChan chan ethreact.Event) []byte
Verify(hash []byte, diff *big.Int, nonce []byte) bool
}
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ type EasyPow struct {
hash *big.Int
}
-func (pow *EasyPow) Search(block *Block, reactChan chan ethutil.React) []byte {
+func (pow *EasyPow) Search(block *Block, reactChan chan ethreact.Event) []byte {
r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
hash := block.HashNoNonce()
diff := block.Difficulty
diff --git a/ethchain/state_manager.go b/ethchain/state_manager.go
index f3fd92913..52a73beb8 100644
--- a/ethchain/state_manager.go
+++ b/ethchain/state_manager.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
"fmt"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethcrypto"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethlog"
+ "github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethreact"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethtrie"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethutil"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethwire"
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ type EthManager interface {
BlockChain() *BlockChain
TxPool() *TxPool
Broadcast(msgType ethwire.MsgType, data []interface{})
- Reactor() *ethutil.ReactorEngine
+ Reactor() *ethreact.ReactorEngine
PeerCount() int
IsMining() bool
IsListening() bool
diff --git a/ethereum.go b/ethereum.go
index 35d98e831..de4e915a1 100644
--- a/ethereum.go
+++ b/ethereum.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethchain"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethcrypto"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethlog"
+ "github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethreact"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethrpc"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethutil"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethwire"
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ type Ethereum struct {
listening bool
- reactor *ethutil.ReactorEngine
+ reactor *ethreact.ReactorEngine
RpcServer *ethrpc.JsonRpcServer
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ func New(db ethutil.Database, clientIdentity ethwire.ClientIdentity, keyManager
keyManager: keyManager,
clientIdentity: clientIdentity,
}
- ethereum.reactor = ethutil.NewReactorEngine()
+ ethereum.reactor = ethreact.New()
ethereum.txPool = ethchain.NewTxPool(ethereum)
ethereum.blockChain = ethchain.NewBlockChain(ethereum)
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ func New(db ethutil.Database, clientIdentity ethwire.ClientIdentity, keyManager
return ethereum, nil
}
-func (s *Ethereum) Reactor() *ethutil.ReactorEngine {
+func (s *Ethereum) Reactor() *ethreact.ReactorEngine {
return s.reactor
}
@@ -350,6 +351,7 @@ func (s *Ethereum) ReapDeadPeerHandler() {
// Start the ethereum
func (s *Ethereum) Start(seed bool) {
+ s.reactor.Start()
// Bind to addr and port
ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":"+s.Port)
if err != nil {
@@ -461,6 +463,9 @@ func (s *Ethereum) Stop() {
s.txPool.Stop()
s.stateManager.Stop()
+ s.reactor.Flush()
+ s.reactor.Stop()
+
ethlogger.Infoln("Server stopped")
close(s.shutdownChan)
}
diff --git a/ethlog/loggers.go b/ethlog/loggers.go
index 219c78240..d7707cf9e 100644
--- a/ethlog/loggers.go
+++ b/ethlog/loggers.go
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ func (msg *logMessage) send(logger LogSystem) {
var logMessages chan (*logMessage)
var logSystems []LogSystem
var quit chan bool
+var drained chan bool
+var shutdown chan bool
+var mutex = sync.Mutex{}
type LogLevel uint8
@@ -57,29 +60,41 @@ func start() {
out:
for {
select {
+ case <-quit:
+ break out
case msg := <-logMessages:
for _, logSystem := range logSystems {
if logSystem.GetLogLevel() >= msg.LogLevel {
msg.send(logSystem)
}
}
- case <-quit:
- break out
+ case drained <- true:
+ default:
+ drained <- true // this blocks until a message is sent to the queu
}
}
+ close(shutdown)
}
-// waits until log messages are drained (dispatched to log writers)
-func Flush() {
- quit <- true
-
-done:
- for {
+func Reset() {
+ mutex.Lock()
+ defer mutex.Unlock()
+ if logSystems != nil {
+ quit <- true
select {
- case <-logMessages:
- default:
- break done
+ case <-drained:
}
+ <-shutdown
+ }
+ logSystems = nil
+}
+
+// waits until log messages are drained (dispatched to log writers)
+func Flush() {
+ mutex.Lock()
+ defer mutex.Unlock()
+ if logSystems != nil {
+ <-drained
}
}
@@ -92,28 +107,34 @@ func NewLogger(tag string) *Logger {
}
func AddLogSystem(logSystem LogSystem) {
- var mutex = &sync.Mutex{}
mutex.Lock()
defer mutex.Unlock()
if logSystems == nil {
logMessages = make(chan *logMessage)
quit = make(chan bool)
+ drained = make(chan bool, 1)
+ shutdown = make(chan bool, 1)
go start()
}
logSystems = append(logSystems, logSystem)
}
+func send(msg *logMessage) {
+ select {
+ case <-drained:
+ }
+ logMessages <- msg
+}
+
func (logger *Logger) sendln(level LogLevel, v ...interface{}) {
- if logMessages != nil {
- msg := newPrintlnLogMessage(level, logger.tag, v...)
- logMessages <- msg
+ if logSystems != nil {
+ send(newPrintlnLogMessage(level, logger.tag, v...))
}
}
func (logger *Logger) sendf(level LogLevel, format string, v ...interface{}) {
- if logMessages != nil {
- msg := newPrintfLogMessage(level, logger.tag, format, v...)
- logMessages <- msg
+ if logSystems != nil {
+ send(newPrintfLogMessage(level, logger.tag, format, v...))
}
}
diff --git a/ethlog/loggers_test.go b/ethlog/loggers_test.go
index 89f416681..9fff471c1 100644
--- a/ethlog/loggers_test.go
+++ b/ethlog/loggers_test.go
@@ -28,10 +28,6 @@ func (t *TestLogSystem) GetLogLevel() LogLevel {
return t.level
}
-func quote(s string) string {
- return fmt.Sprintf("'%s'", s)
-}
-
func TestLoggerPrintln(t *testing.T) {
logger := NewLogger("TEST")
testLogSystem := &TestLogSystem{level: WarnLevel}
@@ -41,10 +37,10 @@ func TestLoggerPrintln(t *testing.T) {
logger.Infoln("info")
logger.Debugln("debug")
Flush()
+ Reset()
output := testLogSystem.Output
- fmt.Println(quote(output))
if output != "[TEST] error\n[TEST] warn\n" {
- t.Error("Expected logger output '[TEST] error\\n[TEST] warn\\n', got ", quote(testLogSystem.Output))
+ t.Error("Expected logger output '[TEST] error\\n[TEST] warn\\n', got ", testLogSystem.Output)
}
}
@@ -57,10 +53,10 @@ func TestLoggerPrintf(t *testing.T) {
logger.Infof("info")
logger.Debugf("debug")
Flush()
+ Reset()
output := testLogSystem.Output
- fmt.Println(quote(output))
if output != "[TEST] error to { 2}\n[TEST] warn" {
- t.Error("Expected logger output '[TEST] error to { 2}\\n[TEST] warn', got ", quote(testLogSystem.Output))
+ t.Error("Expected logger output '[TEST] error to { 2}\\n[TEST] warn', got ", testLogSystem.Output)
}
}
@@ -73,13 +69,14 @@ func TestMultipleLogSystems(t *testing.T) {
logger.Errorln("error")
logger.Warnln("warn")
Flush()
+ Reset()
output0 := testLogSystem0.Output
output1 := testLogSystem1.Output
if output0 != "[TEST] error\n" {
- t.Error("Expected logger 0 output '[TEST] error\\n', got ", quote(testLogSystem0.Output))
+ t.Error("Expected logger 0 output '[TEST] error\\n', got ", testLogSystem0.Output)
}
if output1 != "[TEST] error\n[TEST] warn\n" {
- t.Error("Expected logger 1 output '[TEST] error\\n[TEST] warn\\n', got ", quote(testLogSystem1.Output))
+ t.Error("Expected logger 1 output '[TEST] error\\n[TEST] warn\\n', got ", testLogSystem1.Output)
}
}
@@ -92,11 +89,11 @@ func TestFileLogSystem(t *testing.T) {
logger.Errorf("error to %s\n", filename)
logger.Warnln("warn")
Flush()
+ Reset()
contents, _ := ioutil.ReadFile(filename)
output := string(contents)
- fmt.Println(quote(output))
if output != "[TEST] error to test.log\n[TEST] warn\n" {
- t.Error("Expected contents of file 'test.log': '[TEST] error to test.log\\n[TEST] warn\\n', got ", quote(output))
+ t.Error("Expected contents of file 'test.log': '[TEST] error to test.log\\n[TEST] warn\\n', got ", output)
} else {
os.Remove(filename)
}
@@ -105,5 +102,7 @@ func TestFileLogSystem(t *testing.T) {
func TestNoLogSystem(t *testing.T) {
logger := NewLogger("TEST")
logger.Warnln("warn")
+ fmt.Println("1")
Flush()
+ Reset()
}
diff --git a/ethminer/miner.go b/ethminer/miner.go
index 71d4b2428..8224c5441 100644
--- a/ethminer/miner.go
+++ b/ethminer/miner.go
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
"bytes"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethchain"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethlog"
- "github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethutil"
+ "github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethreact"
"github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethwire"
"sort"
)
@@ -15,19 +15,19 @@ type Miner struct {
pow ethchain.PoW
ethereum ethchain.EthManager
coinbase []byte
- reactChan chan ethutil.React
+ reactChan chan ethreact.Event
txs ethchain.Transactions
uncles []*ethchain.Block
block *ethchain.Block
powChan chan []byte
- powQuitChan chan ethutil.React
+ powQuitChan chan ethreact.Event
quitChan chan bool
}
func NewDefaultMiner(coinbase []byte, ethereum ethchain.EthManager) Miner {
- reactChan := make(chan ethutil.React, 1) // This is the channel that receives 'updates' when ever a new transaction or block comes in
- powChan := make(chan []byte, 1) // This is the channel that receives valid sha hases for a given block
- powQuitChan := make(chan ethutil.React, 1) // This is the channel that can exit the miner thread
+ reactChan := make(chan ethreact.Event, 1) // This is the channel that receives 'updates' when ever a new transaction or block comes in
+ powChan := make(chan []byte, 1) // This is the channel that receives valid sha hases for a given block
+ powQuitChan := make(chan ethreact.Event, 1) // This is the channel that can exit the miner thread
quitChan := make(chan bool, 1)
ethereum.Reactor().Subscribe("newBlock", reactChan)
diff --git a/ethreact/README.md b/ethreact/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..592b50b96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ethreact/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# ethreact
+
+ethereum event reactor. Component of the ethereum stack.
+various events like state change on an account or new block found are broadcast to subscribers.
+Broadcasting to subscribers is running on its own routine and globally order preserving.
+
+## Clients
+### subscribe
+
+ eventChannel := make(chan ethreact.Event)
+ reactor.Subscribe(event, eventChannel)
+
+The same channel can be subscribed to multiple events but only once for each event. In order to allow order of events to be preserved, broadcast of events is synchronous within the main broadcast loop. Therefore any blocking subscriber channels will be skipped, i.e. missing broadcasting events while they are blocked.
+
+### unsubscribe
+
+ reactor.Unsubscribe(event, eventChannel)
+
+### Processing events
+
+event.Resource is of type interface{}. The actual type of event.Resource depends on event.Name and may need to be cast for processing.
+
+ var event ethreact.Event
+ for {
+ select {
+ case event = <-eventChannel:
+ processTransaction(event.Resource.(Transaction))
+ }
+ }
+
+## Broadcast
+
+ reactor := ethreact.New()
+ reactor.Start()
+ reactor.Post(name, resource)
+ reactor.Flush() // wait till all broadcast messages are dispatched
+ reactor.Stop() // stop the main broadcast loop immediately (even if there are unbroadcast events left)
+
+
+
diff --git a/ethreact/reactor.go b/ethreact/reactor.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f42f71202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ethreact/reactor.go
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+package ethreact
+
+import (
+ "github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethlog"
+ "sync"
+)
+
+var logger = ethlog.NewLogger("REACTOR")
+
+type EventHandler struct {
+ lock sync.RWMutex
+ name string
+ chans []chan Event
+}
+
+// Post the Event with the reactor resource on the channels
+// currently subscribed to the event
+func (e *EventHandler) Post(event Event) {
+ e.lock.RLock()
+ defer e.lock.RUnlock()
+
+ // if we want to preserve order pushing to subscibed channels
+ // dispatching should be syncrounous
+ // this means if subscribed event channel is blocked (closed or has fixed capacity)
+ // the reactor dispatch will be blocked, so we need to mitigate by skipping
+ // rogue blocking subscribers
+ for i, ch := range e.chans {
+ select {
+ case ch <- event:
+ default:
+ logger.Warnf("subscribing channel %d to event %s blocked. skipping\n", i, event.Name)
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// Add a subscriber to this event
+func (e *EventHandler) Add(ch chan Event) {
+ e.lock.Lock()
+ defer e.lock.Unlock()
+
+ e.chans = append(e.chans, ch)
+}
+
+// Remove a subscriber
+func (e *EventHandler) Remove(ch chan Event) int {
+ e.lock.Lock()
+ defer e.lock.Unlock()
+
+ for i, c := range e.chans {
+ if c == ch {
+ e.chans = append(e.chans[:i], e.chans[i+1:]...)
+ }
+ }
+ return len(e.chans)
+}
+
+// Basic reactor resource
+type Event struct {
+ Resource interface{}
+ Name string
+}
+
+// The reactor basic engine. Acts as bridge
+// between the events and the subscribers/posters
+type ReactorEngine struct {
+ lock sync.RWMutex
+ eventChannel chan Event
+ eventHandlers map[string]*EventHandler
+ quit chan bool
+ shutdownChannel chan bool
+ running bool
+ drained chan bool
+}
+
+func New() *ReactorEngine {
+ return &ReactorEngine{
+ eventHandlers: make(map[string]*EventHandler),
+ eventChannel: make(chan Event),
+ quit: make(chan bool, 1),
+ drained: make(chan bool, 1),
+ shutdownChannel: make(chan bool, 1),
+ }
+}
+
+func (reactor *ReactorEngine) Start() {
+ reactor.lock.Lock()
+ defer reactor.lock.Unlock()
+ if !reactor.running {
+ go func() {
+ out:
+ for {
+ select {
+ case <-reactor.quit:
+ break out
+ case event := <-reactor.eventChannel:
+ // needs to be called syncronously to keep order of events
+ reactor.dispatch(event)
+ case reactor.drained <- true:
+ default:
+ reactor.drained <- true // blocking till message is coming in
+ }
+ }
+ reactor.lock.Lock()
+ defer reactor.lock.Unlock()
+ reactor.running = false
+ logger.Infoln("stopped")
+ close(reactor.shutdownChannel)
+ }()
+ reactor.running = true
+ logger.Infoln("started")
+ }
+}
+
+func (reactor *ReactorEngine) Stop() {
+ reactor.lock.RLock()
+ if reactor.running {
+ reactor.quit <- true
+ select {
+ case <-reactor.drained:
+ }
+ }
+ reactor.lock.RUnlock()
+ <-reactor.shutdownChannel
+}
+
+func (reactor *ReactorEngine) Flush() {
+ <-reactor.drained
+}
+
+// Subscribe a channel to the specified event
+func (reactor *ReactorEngine) Subscribe(event string, eventChannel chan Event) {
+ reactor.lock.Lock()
+ defer reactor.lock.Unlock()
+
+ eventHandler := reactor.eventHandlers[event]
+ // Create a new event handler if one isn't available
+ if eventHandler == nil {
+ eventHandler = &EventHandler{name: event}
+ reactor.eventHandlers[event] = eventHandler
+ }
+ // Add the events channel to reactor event handler
+ eventHandler.Add(eventChannel)
+ logger.Debugf("added new subscription to %s", event)
+}
+
+func (reactor *ReactorEngine) Unsubscribe(event string, eventChannel chan Event) {
+ reactor.lock.Lock()
+ defer reactor.lock.Unlock()
+
+ eventHandler := reactor.eventHandlers[event]
+ if eventHandler != nil {
+ len := eventHandler.Remove(eventChannel)
+ if len == 0 {
+ reactor.eventHandlers[event] = nil
+ }
+ logger.Debugf("removed subscription to %s", event)
+ }
+}
+
+func (reactor *ReactorEngine) Post(event string, resource interface{}) {
+ reactor.lock.Lock()
+ defer reactor.lock.Unlock()
+
+ if reactor.running {
+ reactor.eventChannel <- Event{Resource: resource, Name: event}
+ select {
+ case <-reactor.drained:
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+func (reactor *ReactorEngine) dispatch(event Event) {
+ name := event.Name
+ eventHandler := reactor.eventHandlers[name]
+ // if no subscriptions to this event type - no event handler created
+ // then noone to notify
+ if eventHandler != nil {
+ // needs to be called syncronously
+ eventHandler.Post(event)
+ }
+}
diff --git a/ethreact/reactor_test.go b/ethreact/reactor_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..801a8abd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ethreact/reactor_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package ethreact
+
+import (
+ "fmt"
+ "testing"
+)
+
+func TestReactorAdd(t *testing.T) {
+ reactor := New()
+ ch := make(chan Event)
+ reactor.Subscribe("test", ch)
+ if reactor.eventHandlers["test"] == nil {
+ t.Error("Expected new eventHandler to be created")
+ }
+ reactor.Unsubscribe("test", ch)
+ if reactor.eventHandlers["test"] != nil {
+ t.Error("Expected eventHandler to be removed")
+ }
+}
+
+func TestReactorEvent(t *testing.T) {
+ var name string
+ reactor := New()
+ // Buffer the channel, so it doesn't block for this test
+ cap := 20
+ ch := make(chan Event, cap)
+ reactor.Subscribe("even", ch)
+ reactor.Subscribe("odd", ch)
+ reactor.Post("even", "disappears") // should not broadcast if engine not started
+ reactor.Start()
+ for i := 0; i < cap; i++ {
+ if i%2 == 0 {
+ name = "even"
+ } else {
+ name = "odd"
+ }
+ reactor.Post(name, i)
+ }
+ reactor.Post("test", cap) // this should not block
+ i := 0
+ reactor.Flush()
+ close(ch)
+ for event := range ch {
+ fmt.Printf("%d: %v", i, event)
+ if i%2 == 0 {
+ name = "even"
+ } else {
+ name = "odd"
+ }
+ if val, ok := event.Resource.(int); ok {
+ if i != val || event.Name != name {
+ t.Error("Expected event %d to be of type %s and resource %d, got ", i, name, i, val)
+ }
+ } else {
+ t.Error("Unable to cast")
+ }
+ i++
+ }
+ if i != cap {
+ t.Error("excpected exactly %d events, got ", i)
+ }
+ reactor.Stop()
+}
diff --git a/ethutil/reactor.go b/ethutil/reactor.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 7cf145245..000000000
--- a/ethutil/reactor.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-package ethutil
-
-import (
- "sync"
-)
-
-type ReactorEvent struct {
- mut sync.Mutex
- event string
- chans []chan React
-}
-
-// Post the specified reactor resource on the channels
-// currently subscribed
-func (e *ReactorEvent) Post(react React) {
- e.mut.Lock()
- defer e.mut.Unlock()
-
- for _, ch := range e.chans {
- go func(ch chan React) {
- ch <- react
- }(ch)
- }
-}
-
-// Add a subscriber to this event
-func (e *ReactorEvent) Add(ch chan React) {
- e.mut.Lock()
- defer e.mut.Unlock()
-
- e.chans = append(e.chans, ch)
-}
-
-// Remove a subscriber
-func (e *ReactorEvent) Remove(ch chan React) {
- e.mut.Lock()
- defer e.mut.Unlock()
-
- for i, c := range e.chans {
- if c == ch {
- e.chans = append(e.chans[:i], e.chans[i+1:]...)
- }
- }
-}
-
-// Basic reactor resource
-type React struct {
- Resource interface{}
- Event string
-}
-
-// The reactor basic engine. Acts as bridge
-// between the events and the subscribers/posters
-type ReactorEngine struct {
- patterns map[string]*ReactorEvent
-}
-
-func NewReactorEngine() *ReactorEngine {
- return &ReactorEngine{patterns: make(map[string]*ReactorEvent)}
-}
-
-// Subscribe a channel to the specified event
-func (reactor *ReactorEngine) Subscribe(event string, ch chan React) {
- ev := reactor.patterns[event]
- // Create a new event if one isn't available
- if ev == nil {
- ev = &ReactorEvent{event: event}
- reactor.patterns[event] = ev
- }
-
- // Add the channel to reactor event handler
- ev.Add(ch)
-}
-
-func (reactor *ReactorEngine) Unsubscribe(event string, ch chan React) {
- ev := reactor.patterns[event]
- if ev != nil {
- ev.Remove(ch)
- }
-}
-
-func (reactor *ReactorEngine) Post(event string, resource interface{}) {
- ev := reactor.patterns[event]
- if ev != nil {
- ev.Post(React{Resource: resource, Event: event})
- }
-}
diff --git a/ethutil/reactor_test.go b/ethutil/reactor_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 48c2f0df3..000000000
--- a/ethutil/reactor_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-package ethutil
-
-import "testing"
-
-func TestReactorAdd(t *testing.T) {
- engine := NewReactorEngine()
- ch := make(chan React)
- engine.Subscribe("test", ch)
- if len(engine.patterns) != 1 {
- t.Error("Expected patterns to be 1, got", len(engine.patterns))
- }
-}
-
-func TestReactorEvent(t *testing.T) {
- engine := NewReactorEngine()
-
- // Buffer 1, so it doesn't block for this test
- ch := make(chan React, 1)
- engine.Subscribe("test", ch)
- engine.Post("test", "hello")
-
- value := <-ch
- if val, ok := value.Resource.(string); ok {
- if val != "hello" {
- t.Error("Expected Resource to be 'hello', got", val)
- }
- } else {
- t.Error("Unable to cast")
- }
-}