p2p: add network simulation framework (#14982)

This commit introduces a network simulation framework which
can be used to run simulated networks of devp2p nodes. The
intention is to use this for testing protocols, performing
benchmarks and visualising emergent network behaviour.

4 files changed, 1215 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/p2p/simulations/adapters/docker.go b/p2p/simulations/adapters/docker.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..022314b3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/p2p/simulations/adapters/docker.go
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package adapters
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/reexec"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/discover"
+)
+
+// DockerAdapter is a NodeAdapter which runs simulation nodes inside Docker
+// containers.
+//
+// A Docker image is built which contains the current binary at /bin/p2p-node
+// which when executed runs the underlying service (see the description
+// of the execP2PNode function for more details)
+type DockerAdapter struct {
+	ExecAdapter
+}
+
+// NewDockerAdapter builds the p2p-node Docker image containing the current
+// binary and returns a DockerAdapter
+func NewDockerAdapter() (*DockerAdapter, error) {
+	// Since Docker containers run on Linux and this adapter runs the
+	// current binary in the container, it must be compiled for Linux.
+	//
+	// It is reasonable to require this because the caller can just
+	// compile the current binary in a Docker container.
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+		return nil, errors.New("DockerAdapter can only be used on Linux as it uses the current binary (which must be a Linux binary)")
+	}
+
+	if err := buildDockerImage(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &DockerAdapter{
+		ExecAdapter{
+			nodes: make(map[discover.NodeID]*ExecNode),
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Name returns the name of the adapter for logging purposes
+func (d *DockerAdapter) Name() string {
+	return "docker-adapter"
+}
+
+// NewNode returns a new DockerNode using the given config
+func (d *DockerAdapter) NewNode(config *NodeConfig) (Node, error) {
+	if len(config.Services) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("node must have at least one service")
+	}
+	for _, service := range config.Services {
+		if _, exists := serviceFuncs[service]; !exists {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown node service %q", service)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// generate the config
+	conf := &execNodeConfig{
+		Stack: node.DefaultConfig,
+		Node:  config,
+	}
+	conf.Stack.DataDir = "/data"
+	conf.Stack.WSHost = "0.0.0.0"
+	conf.Stack.WSOrigins = []string{"*"}
+	conf.Stack.WSExposeAll = true
+	conf.Stack.P2P.EnableMsgEvents = false
+	conf.Stack.P2P.NoDiscovery = true
+	conf.Stack.P2P.NAT = nil
+	conf.Stack.NoUSB = true
+
+	node := &DockerNode{
+		ExecNode: ExecNode{
+			ID:      config.ID,
+			Config:  conf,
+			adapter: &d.ExecAdapter,
+		},
+	}
+	node.newCmd = node.dockerCommand
+	d.ExecAdapter.nodes[node.ID] = &node.ExecNode
+	return node, nil
+}
+
+// DockerNode wraps an ExecNode but exec's the current binary in a docker
+// container rather than locally
+type DockerNode struct {
+	ExecNode
+}
+
+// dockerCommand returns a command which exec's the binary in a Docker
+// container.
+//
+// It uses a shell so that we can pass the _P2P_NODE_CONFIG environment
+// variable to the container using the --env flag.
+func (n *DockerNode) dockerCommand() *exec.Cmd {
+	return exec.Command(
+		"sh", "-c",
+		fmt.Sprintf(
+			`exec docker run --interactive --env _P2P_NODE_CONFIG="${_P2P_NODE_CONFIG}" %s p2p-node %s %s`,
+			dockerImage, strings.Join(n.Config.Node.Services, ","), n.ID.String(),
+		),
+	)
+}
+
+// dockerImage is the name of the Docker image which gets built to run the
+// simulation node
+const dockerImage = "p2p-node"
+
+// buildDockerImage builds the Docker image which is used to run the simulation
+// node in a Docker container.
+//
+// It adds the current binary as "p2p-node" so that it runs execP2PNode
+// when executed.
+func buildDockerImage() error {
+	// create a directory to use as the build context
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "p2p-docker")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	// copy the current binary into the build context
+	bin, err := os.Open(reexec.Self())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer bin.Close()
+	dst, err := os.OpenFile(filepath.Join(dir, "self.bin"), os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE, 0755)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer dst.Close()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(dst, bin); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// create the Dockerfile
+	dockerfile := []byte(`
+FROM ubuntu:16.04
+RUN mkdir /data
+ADD self.bin /bin/p2p-node
+	`)
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "Dockerfile"), dockerfile, 0644); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// run 'docker build'
+	cmd := exec.Command("docker", "build", "-t", dockerImage, dir)
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error building docker image: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/p2p/simulations/adapters/exec.go b/p2p/simulations/adapters/exec.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdb92cc1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/p2p/simulations/adapters/exec.go
@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package adapters
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/signal"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/reexec"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/discover"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+	"golang.org/x/net/websocket"
+)
+
+// ExecAdapter is a NodeAdapter which runs simulation nodes by executing the
+// current binary as a child process.
+//
+// An init hook is used so that the child process executes the node services
+// (rather than whataver the main() function would normally do), see the
+// execP2PNode function for more information.
+type ExecAdapter struct {
+	// BaseDir is the directory under which the data directories for each
+	// simulation node are created.
+	BaseDir string
+
+	nodes map[discover.NodeID]*ExecNode
+}
+
+// NewExecAdapter returns an ExecAdapter which stores node data in
+// subdirectories of the given base directory
+func NewExecAdapter(baseDir string) *ExecAdapter {
+	return &ExecAdapter{
+		BaseDir: baseDir,
+		nodes:   make(map[discover.NodeID]*ExecNode),
+	}
+}
+
+// Name returns the name of the adapter for logging purposes
+func (e *ExecAdapter) Name() string {
+	return "exec-adapter"
+}
+
+// NewNode returns a new ExecNode using the given config
+func (e *ExecAdapter) NewNode(config *NodeConfig) (Node, error) {
+	if len(config.Services) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("node must have at least one service")
+	}
+	for _, service := range config.Services {
+		if _, exists := serviceFuncs[service]; !exists {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown node service %q", service)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// create the node directory using the first 12 characters of the ID
+	// as Unix socket paths cannot be longer than 256 characters
+	dir := filepath.Join(e.BaseDir, config.ID.String()[:12])
+	if err := os.Mkdir(dir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating node directory: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// generate the config
+	conf := &execNodeConfig{
+		Stack: node.DefaultConfig,
+		Node:  config,
+	}
+	conf.Stack.DataDir = filepath.Join(dir, "data")
+	conf.Stack.WSHost = "127.0.0.1"
+	conf.Stack.WSPort = 0
+	conf.Stack.WSOrigins = []string{"*"}
+	conf.Stack.WSExposeAll = true
+	conf.Stack.P2P.EnableMsgEvents = false
+	conf.Stack.P2P.NoDiscovery = true
+	conf.Stack.P2P.NAT = nil
+	conf.Stack.NoUSB = true
+
+	// listen on a random localhost port (we'll get the actual port after
+	// starting the node through the RPC admin.nodeInfo method)
+	conf.Stack.P2P.ListenAddr = "127.0.0.1:0"
+
+	node := &ExecNode{
+		ID:      config.ID,
+		Dir:     dir,
+		Config:  conf,
+		adapter: e,
+	}
+	node.newCmd = node.execCommand
+	e.nodes[node.ID] = node
+	return node, nil
+}
+
+// ExecNode starts a simulation node by exec'ing the current binary and
+// running the configured services
+type ExecNode struct {
+	ID     discover.NodeID
+	Dir    string
+	Config *execNodeConfig
+	Cmd    *exec.Cmd
+	Info   *p2p.NodeInfo
+
+	adapter *ExecAdapter
+	client  *rpc.Client
+	wsAddr  string
+	newCmd  func() *exec.Cmd
+	key     *ecdsa.PrivateKey
+}
+
+// Addr returns the node's enode URL
+func (n *ExecNode) Addr() []byte {
+	if n.Info == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return []byte(n.Info.Enode)
+}
+
+// Client returns an rpc.Client which can be used to communicate with the
+// underlying services (it is set once the node has started)
+func (n *ExecNode) Client() (*rpc.Client, error) {
+	return n.client, nil
+}
+
+// wsAddrPattern is a regex used to read the WebSocket address from the node's
+// log
+var wsAddrPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`ws://[\d.:]+`)
+
+// Start exec's the node passing the ID and service as command line arguments
+// and the node config encoded as JSON in the _P2P_NODE_CONFIG environment
+// variable
+func (n *ExecNode) Start(snapshots map[string][]byte) (err error) {
+	if n.Cmd != nil {
+		return errors.New("already started")
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("node failed to start", "err", err)
+			n.Stop()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// encode a copy of the config containing the snapshot
+	confCopy := *n.Config
+	confCopy.Snapshots = snapshots
+	confCopy.PeerAddrs = make(map[string]string)
+	for id, node := range n.adapter.nodes {
+		confCopy.PeerAddrs[id.String()] = node.wsAddr
+	}
+	confData, err := json.Marshal(confCopy)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error generating node config: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// use a pipe for stderr so we can both copy the node's stderr to
+	// os.Stderr and read the WebSocket address from the logs
+	stderrR, stderrW := io.Pipe()
+	stderr := io.MultiWriter(os.Stderr, stderrW)
+
+	// start the node
+	cmd := n.newCmd()
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = stderr
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("_P2P_NODE_CONFIG=%s", confData))
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error starting node: %s", err)
+	}
+	n.Cmd = cmd
+
+	// read the WebSocket address from the stderr logs
+	var wsAddr string
+	wsAddrC := make(chan string)
+	go func() {
+		s := bufio.NewScanner(stderrR)
+		for s.Scan() {
+			if strings.Contains(s.Text(), "WebSocket endpoint opened:") {
+				wsAddrC <- wsAddrPattern.FindString(s.Text())
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	select {
+	case wsAddr = <-wsAddrC:
+		if wsAddr == "" {
+			return errors.New("failed to read WebSocket address from stderr")
+		}
+	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+		return errors.New("timed out waiting for WebSocket address on stderr")
+	}
+
+	// create the RPC client and load the node info
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	client, err := rpc.DialWebsocket(ctx, wsAddr, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error dialing rpc websocket: %s", err)
+	}
+	var info p2p.NodeInfo
+	if err := client.CallContext(ctx, &info, "admin_nodeInfo"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error getting node info: %s", err)
+	}
+	n.client = client
+	n.wsAddr = wsAddr
+	n.Info = &info
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// execCommand returns a command which runs the node locally by exec'ing
+// the current binary but setting argv[0] to "p2p-node" so that the child
+// runs execP2PNode
+func (n *ExecNode) execCommand() *exec.Cmd {
+	return &exec.Cmd{
+		Path: reexec.Self(),
+		Args: []string{"p2p-node", strings.Join(n.Config.Node.Services, ","), n.ID.String()},
+	}
+}
+
+// Stop stops the node by first sending SIGTERM and then SIGKILL if the node
+// doesn't stop within 5s
+func (n *ExecNode) Stop() error {
+	if n.Cmd == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		n.Cmd = nil
+	}()
+
+	if n.client != nil {
+		n.client.Close()
+		n.client = nil
+		n.wsAddr = ""
+		n.Info = nil
+	}
+
+	if err := n.Cmd.Process.Signal(syscall.SIGTERM); err != nil {
+		return n.Cmd.Process.Kill()
+	}
+	waitErr := make(chan error)
+	go func() {
+		waitErr <- n.Cmd.Wait()
+	}()
+	select {
+	case err := <-waitErr:
+		return err
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		return n.Cmd.Process.Kill()
+	}
+}
+
+// NodeInfo returns information about the node
+func (n *ExecNode) NodeInfo() *p2p.NodeInfo {
+	info := &p2p.NodeInfo{
+		ID: n.ID.String(),
+	}
+	if n.client != nil {
+		n.client.Call(&info, "admin_nodeInfo")
+	}
+	return info
+}
+
+// ServeRPC serves RPC requests over the given connection by dialling the
+// node's WebSocket address and joining the two connections
+func (n *ExecNode) ServeRPC(clientConn net.Conn) error {
+	conn, err := websocket.Dial(n.wsAddr, "", "http://localhost")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+	join := func(src, dst net.Conn) {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		io.Copy(dst, src)
+		// close the write end of the destination connection
+		if cw, ok := dst.(interface {
+			CloseWrite() error
+		}); ok {
+			cw.CloseWrite()
+		} else {
+			dst.Close()
+		}
+	}
+	go join(conn, clientConn)
+	go join(clientConn, conn)
+	wg.Wait()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Snapshots creates snapshots of the services by calling the
+// simulation_snapshot RPC method
+func (n *ExecNode) Snapshots() (map[string][]byte, error) {
+	if n.client == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("RPC not started")
+	}
+	var snapshots map[string][]byte
+	return snapshots, n.client.Call(&snapshots, "simulation_snapshot")
+}
+
+func init() {
+	// register a reexec function to start a devp2p node when the current
+	// binary is executed as "p2p-node"
+	reexec.Register("p2p-node", execP2PNode)
+}
+
+// execNodeConfig is used to serialize the node configuration so it can be
+// passed to the child process as a JSON encoded environment variable
+type execNodeConfig struct {
+	Stack     node.Config       `json:"stack"`
+	Node      *NodeConfig       `json:"node"`
+	Snapshots map[string][]byte `json:"snapshots,omitempty"`
+	PeerAddrs map[string]string `json:"peer_addrs,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// execP2PNode starts a devp2p node when the current binary is executed with
+// argv[0] being "p2p-node", reading the service / ID from argv[1] / argv[2]
+// and the node config from the _P2P_NODE_CONFIG environment variable
+func execP2PNode() {
+	glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.LogfmtFormat()))
+	glogger.Verbosity(log.LvlInfo)
+	log.Root().SetHandler(glogger)
+
+	// read the services from argv
+	serviceNames := strings.Split(os.Args[1], ",")
+
+	// decode the config
+	confEnv := os.Getenv("_P2P_NODE_CONFIG")
+	if confEnv == "" {
+		log.Crit("missing _P2P_NODE_CONFIG")
+	}
+	var conf execNodeConfig
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(confEnv), &conf); err != nil {
+		log.Crit("error decoding _P2P_NODE_CONFIG", "err", err)
+	}
+	conf.Stack.P2P.PrivateKey = conf.Node.PrivateKey
+
+	// use explicit IP address in ListenAddr so that Enode URL is usable
+	externalIP := func() string {
+		addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Crit("error getting IP address", "err", err)
+		}
+		for _, addr := range addrs {
+			if ip, ok := addr.(*net.IPNet); ok && !ip.IP.IsLoopback() {
+				return ip.IP.String()
+			}
+		}
+		log.Crit("unable to determine explicit IP address")
+		return ""
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(conf.Stack.P2P.ListenAddr, ":") {
+		conf.Stack.P2P.ListenAddr = externalIP() + conf.Stack.P2P.ListenAddr
+	}
+	if conf.Stack.WSHost == "0.0.0.0" {
+		conf.Stack.WSHost = externalIP()
+	}
+
+	// initialize the devp2p stack
+	stack, err := node.New(&conf.Stack)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Crit("error creating node stack", "err", err)
+	}
+
+	// register the services, collecting them into a map so we can wrap
+	// them in a snapshot service
+	services := make(map[string]node.Service, len(serviceNames))
+	for _, name := range serviceNames {
+		serviceFunc, exists := serviceFuncs[name]
+		if !exists {
+			log.Crit("unknown node service", "name", name)
+		}
+		constructor := func(nodeCtx *node.ServiceContext) (node.Service, error) {
+			ctx := &ServiceContext{
+				RPCDialer:   &wsRPCDialer{addrs: conf.PeerAddrs},
+				NodeContext: nodeCtx,
+				Config:      conf.Node,
+			}
+			if conf.Snapshots != nil {
+				ctx.Snapshot = conf.Snapshots[name]
+			}
+			service, err := serviceFunc(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			services[name] = service
+			return service, nil
+		}
+		if err := stack.Register(constructor); err != nil {
+			log.Crit("error starting service", "name", name, "err", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// register the snapshot service
+	if err := stack.Register(func(ctx *node.ServiceContext) (node.Service, error) {
+		return &snapshotService{services}, nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		log.Crit("error starting snapshot service", "err", err)
+	}
+
+	// start the stack
+	if err := stack.Start(); err != nil {
+		log.Crit("error stating node stack", "err", err)
+	}
+
+	// stop the stack if we get a SIGTERM signal
+	go func() {
+		sigc := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+		signal.Notify(sigc, syscall.SIGTERM)
+		defer signal.Stop(sigc)
+		<-sigc
+		log.Info("Received SIGTERM, shutting down...")
+		stack.Stop()
+	}()
+
+	// wait for the stack to exit
+	stack.Wait()
+}
+
+// snapshotService is a node.Service which wraps a list of services and
+// exposes an API to generate a snapshot of those services
+type snapshotService struct {
+	services map[string]node.Service
+}
+
+func (s *snapshotService) APIs() []rpc.API {
+	return []rpc.API{{
+		Namespace: "simulation",
+		Version:   "1.0",
+		Service:   SnapshotAPI{s.services},
+	}}
+}
+
+func (s *snapshotService) Protocols() []p2p.Protocol {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *snapshotService) Start(*p2p.Server) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *snapshotService) Stop() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SnapshotAPI provides an RPC method to create snapshots of services
+type SnapshotAPI struct {
+	services map[string]node.Service
+}
+
+func (api SnapshotAPI) Snapshot() (map[string][]byte, error) {
+	snapshots := make(map[string][]byte)
+	for name, service := range api.services {
+		if s, ok := service.(interface {
+			Snapshot() ([]byte, error)
+		}); ok {
+			snap, err := s.Snapshot()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			snapshots[name] = snap
+		}
+	}
+	return snapshots, nil
+}
+
+type wsRPCDialer struct {
+	addrs map[string]string
+}
+
+// DialRPC implements the RPCDialer interface by creating a WebSocket RPC
+// client of the given node
+func (w *wsRPCDialer) DialRPC(id discover.NodeID) (*rpc.Client, error) {
+	addr, ok := w.addrs[id.String()]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown node: %s", id)
+	}
+	return rpc.DialWebsocket(context.Background(), addr, "http://localhost")
+}
diff --git a/p2p/simulations/adapters/inproc.go b/p2p/simulations/adapters/inproc.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c97188def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/p2p/simulations/adapters/inproc.go
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package adapters
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/discover"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+)
+
+// SimAdapter is a NodeAdapter which creates in-memory simulation nodes and
+// connects them using in-memory net.Pipe connections
+type SimAdapter struct {
+	mtx      sync.RWMutex
+	nodes    map[discover.NodeID]*SimNode
+	services map[string]ServiceFunc
+}
+
+// NewSimAdapter creates a SimAdapter which is capable of running in-memory
+// simulation nodes running any of the given services (the services to run on a
+// particular node are passed to the NewNode function in the NodeConfig)
+func NewSimAdapter(services map[string]ServiceFunc) *SimAdapter {
+	return &SimAdapter{
+		nodes:    make(map[discover.NodeID]*SimNode),
+		services: services,
+	}
+}
+
+// Name returns the name of the adapter for logging purposes
+func (s *SimAdapter) Name() string {
+	return "sim-adapter"
+}
+
+// NewNode returns a new SimNode using the given config
+func (s *SimAdapter) NewNode(config *NodeConfig) (Node, error) {
+	s.mtx.Lock()
+	defer s.mtx.Unlock()
+
+	// check a node with the ID doesn't already exist
+	id := config.ID
+	if _, exists := s.nodes[id]; exists {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("node already exists: %s", id)
+	}
+
+	// check the services are valid
+	if len(config.Services) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("node must have at least one service")
+	}
+	for _, service := range config.Services {
+		if _, exists := s.services[service]; !exists {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown node service %q", service)
+		}
+	}
+
+	n, err := node.New(&node.Config{
+		P2P: p2p.Config{
+			PrivateKey:      config.PrivateKey,
+			MaxPeers:        math.MaxInt32,
+			NoDiscovery:     true,
+			Dialer:          s,
+			EnableMsgEvents: true,
+		},
+		NoUSB: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	simNode := &SimNode{
+		ID:      id,
+		config:  config,
+		node:    n,
+		adapter: s,
+		running: make(map[string]node.Service),
+	}
+	s.nodes[id] = simNode
+	return simNode, nil
+}
+
+// Dial implements the p2p.NodeDialer interface by connecting to the node using
+// an in-memory net.Pipe connection
+func (s *SimAdapter) Dial(dest *discover.Node) (conn net.Conn, err error) {
+	node, ok := s.GetNode(dest.ID)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown node: %s", dest.ID)
+	}
+	srv := node.Server()
+	if srv == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("node not running: %s", dest.ID)
+	}
+	pipe1, pipe2 := net.Pipe()
+	go srv.SetupConn(pipe1, 0, nil)
+	return pipe2, nil
+}
+
+// DialRPC implements the RPCDialer interface by creating an in-memory RPC
+// client of the given node
+func (s *SimAdapter) DialRPC(id discover.NodeID) (*rpc.Client, error) {
+	node, ok := s.GetNode(id)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown node: %s", id)
+	}
+	handler, err := node.node.RPCHandler()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return rpc.DialInProc(handler), nil
+}
+
+// GetNode returns the node with the given ID if it exists
+func (s *SimAdapter) GetNode(id discover.NodeID) (*SimNode, bool) {
+	s.mtx.RLock()
+	defer s.mtx.RUnlock()
+	node, ok := s.nodes[id]
+	return node, ok
+}
+
+// SimNode is an in-memory simulation node which connects to other nodes using
+// an in-memory net.Pipe connection (see SimAdapter.Dial), running devp2p
+// protocols directly over that pipe
+type SimNode struct {
+	lock         sync.RWMutex
+	ID           discover.NodeID
+	config       *NodeConfig
+	adapter      *SimAdapter
+	node         *node.Node
+	running      map[string]node.Service
+	client       *rpc.Client
+	registerOnce sync.Once
+}
+
+// Addr returns the node's discovery address
+func (self *SimNode) Addr() []byte {
+	return []byte(self.Node().String())
+}
+
+// Node returns a discover.Node representing the SimNode
+func (self *SimNode) Node() *discover.Node {
+	return discover.NewNode(self.ID, net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1}, 30303, 30303)
+}
+
+// Client returns an rpc.Client which can be used to communicate with the
+// underlying services (it is set once the node has started)
+func (self *SimNode) Client() (*rpc.Client, error) {
+	self.lock.RLock()
+	defer self.lock.RUnlock()
+	if self.client == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("node not started")
+	}
+	return self.client, nil
+}
+
+// ServeRPC serves RPC requests over the given connection by creating an
+// in-memory client to the node's RPC server
+func (self *SimNode) ServeRPC(conn net.Conn) error {
+	handler, err := self.node.RPCHandler()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	handler.ServeCodec(rpc.NewJSONCodec(conn), rpc.OptionMethodInvocation|rpc.OptionSubscriptions)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Snapshots creates snapshots of the services by calling the
+// simulation_snapshot RPC method
+func (self *SimNode) Snapshots() (map[string][]byte, error) {
+	self.lock.RLock()
+	services := make(map[string]node.Service, len(self.running))
+	for name, service := range self.running {
+		services[name] = service
+	}
+	self.lock.RUnlock()
+	if len(services) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("no running services")
+	}
+	snapshots := make(map[string][]byte)
+	for name, service := range services {
+		if s, ok := service.(interface {
+			Snapshot() ([]byte, error)
+		}); ok {
+			snap, err := s.Snapshot()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			snapshots[name] = snap
+		}
+	}
+	return snapshots, nil
+}
+
+// Start registers the services and starts the underlying devp2p node
+func (self *SimNode) Start(snapshots map[string][]byte) error {
+	newService := func(name string) func(ctx *node.ServiceContext) (node.Service, error) {
+		return func(nodeCtx *node.ServiceContext) (node.Service, error) {
+			ctx := &ServiceContext{
+				RPCDialer:   self.adapter,
+				NodeContext: nodeCtx,
+				Config:      self.config,
+			}
+			if snapshots != nil {
+				ctx.Snapshot = snapshots[name]
+			}
+			serviceFunc := self.adapter.services[name]
+			service, err := serviceFunc(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			self.running[name] = service
+			return service, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// ensure we only register the services once in the case of the node
+	// being stopped and then started again
+	var regErr error
+	self.registerOnce.Do(func() {
+		for _, name := range self.config.Services {
+			if err := self.node.Register(newService(name)); err != nil {
+				regErr = err
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	if regErr != nil {
+		return regErr
+	}
+
+	if err := self.node.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// create an in-process RPC client
+	handler, err := self.node.RPCHandler()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	self.lock.Lock()
+	self.client = rpc.DialInProc(handler)
+	self.lock.Unlock()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Stop closes the RPC client and stops the underlying devp2p node
+func (self *SimNode) Stop() error {
+	self.lock.Lock()
+	if self.client != nil {
+		self.client.Close()
+		self.client = nil
+	}
+	self.lock.Unlock()
+	return self.node.Stop()
+}
+
+// Services returns a copy of the underlying services
+func (self *SimNode) Services() []node.Service {
+	self.lock.RLock()
+	defer self.lock.RUnlock()
+	services := make([]node.Service, 0, len(self.running))
+	for _, service := range self.running {
+		services = append(services, service)
+	}
+	return services
+}
+
+// Server returns the underlying p2p.Server
+func (self *SimNode) Server() *p2p.Server {
+	return self.node.Server()
+}
+
+// SubscribeEvents subscribes the given channel to peer events from the
+// underlying p2p.Server
+func (self *SimNode) SubscribeEvents(ch chan *p2p.PeerEvent) event.Subscription {
+	srv := self.Server()
+	if srv == nil {
+		panic("node not running")
+	}
+	return srv.SubscribeEvents(ch)
+}
+
+// NodeInfo returns information about the node
+func (self *SimNode) NodeInfo() *p2p.NodeInfo {
+	server := self.Server()
+	if server == nil {
+		return &p2p.NodeInfo{
+			ID:    self.ID.String(),
+			Enode: self.Node().String(),
+		}
+	}
+	return server.NodeInfo()
+}
diff --git a/p2p/simulations/adapters/types.go b/p2p/simulations/adapters/types.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed6cfc504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/p2p/simulations/adapters/types.go
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package adapters
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/reexec"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/discover"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+)
+
+// Node represents a node in a simulation network which is created by a
+// NodeAdapter, for example:
+//
+// * SimNode    - An in-memory node
+// * ExecNode   - A child process node
+// * DockerNode - A Docker container node
+//
+type Node interface {
+	// Addr returns the node's address (e.g. an Enode URL)
+	Addr() []byte
+
+	// Client returns the RPC client which is created once the node is
+	// up and running
+	Client() (*rpc.Client, error)
+
+	// ServeRPC serves RPC requests over the given connection
+	ServeRPC(net.Conn) error
+
+	// Start starts the node with the given snapshots
+	Start(snapshots map[string][]byte) error
+
+	// Stop stops the node
+	Stop() error
+
+	// NodeInfo returns information about the node
+	NodeInfo() *p2p.NodeInfo
+
+	// Snapshots creates snapshots of the running services
+	Snapshots() (map[string][]byte, error)
+}
+
+// NodeAdapter is used to create Nodes in a simulation network
+type NodeAdapter interface {
+	// Name returns the name of the adapter for logging purposes
+	Name() string
+
+	// NewNode creates a new node with the given configuration
+	NewNode(config *NodeConfig) (Node, error)
+}
+
+// NodeConfig is the configuration used to start a node in a simulation
+// network
+type NodeConfig struct {
+	// ID is the node's ID which is used to identify the node in the
+	// simulation network
+	ID discover.NodeID
+
+	// PrivateKey is the node's private key which is used by the devp2p
+	// stack to encrypt communications
+	PrivateKey *ecdsa.PrivateKey
+
+	// Name is a human friendly name for the node like "node01"
+	Name string
+
+	// Services are the names of the services which should be run when
+	// starting the node (for SimNodes it should be the names of services
+	// contained in SimAdapter.services, for other nodes it should be
+	// services registered by calling the RegisterService function)
+	Services []string
+}
+
+// nodeConfigJSON is used to encode and decode NodeConfig as JSON by encoding
+// all fields as strings
+type nodeConfigJSON struct {
+	ID         string   `json:"id"`
+	PrivateKey string   `json:"private_key"`
+	Name       string   `json:"name"`
+	Services   []string `json:"services"`
+}
+
+// MarshalJSON implements the json.Marshaler interface by encoding the config
+// fields as strings
+func (n *NodeConfig) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	confJSON := nodeConfigJSON{
+		ID:       n.ID.String(),
+		Name:     n.Name,
+		Services: n.Services,
+	}
+	if n.PrivateKey != nil {
+		confJSON.PrivateKey = hex.EncodeToString(crypto.FromECDSA(n.PrivateKey))
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(confJSON)
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON implements the json.Unmarshaler interface by decoding the json
+// string values into the config fields
+func (n *NodeConfig) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var confJSON nodeConfigJSON
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &confJSON); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if confJSON.ID != "" {
+		nodeID, err := discover.HexID(confJSON.ID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		n.ID = nodeID
+	}
+
+	if confJSON.PrivateKey != "" {
+		key, err := hex.DecodeString(confJSON.PrivateKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		privKey, err := crypto.ToECDSA(key)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		n.PrivateKey = privKey
+	}
+
+	n.Name = confJSON.Name
+	n.Services = confJSON.Services
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RandomNodeConfig returns node configuration with a randomly generated ID and
+// PrivateKey
+func RandomNodeConfig() *NodeConfig {
+	key, err := crypto.GenerateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic("unable to generate key")
+	}
+	var id discover.NodeID
+	pubkey := crypto.FromECDSAPub(&key.PublicKey)
+	copy(id[:], pubkey[1:])
+	return &NodeConfig{
+		ID:         id,
+		PrivateKey: key,
+	}
+}
+
+// ServiceContext is a collection of options and methods which can be utilised
+// when starting services
+type ServiceContext struct {
+	RPCDialer
+
+	NodeContext *node.ServiceContext
+	Config      *NodeConfig
+	Snapshot    []byte
+}
+
+// RPCDialer is used when initialising services which need to connect to
+// other nodes in the network (for example a simulated Swarm node which needs
+// to connect to a Geth node to resolve ENS names)
+type RPCDialer interface {
+	DialRPC(id discover.NodeID) (*rpc.Client, error)
+}
+
+// Services is a collection of services which can be run in a simulation
+type Services map[string]ServiceFunc
+
+// ServiceFunc returns a node.Service which can be used to boot a devp2p node
+type ServiceFunc func(ctx *ServiceContext) (node.Service, error)
+
+// serviceFuncs is a map of registered services which are used to boot devp2p
+// nodes
+var serviceFuncs = make(Services)
+
+// RegisterServices registers the given Services which can then be used to
+// start devp2p nodes using either the Exec or Docker adapters.
+//
+// It should be called in an init function so that it has the opportunity to
+// execute the services before main() is called.
+func RegisterServices(services Services) {
+	for name, f := range services {
+		if _, exists := serviceFuncs[name]; exists {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("node service already exists: %q", name))
+		}
+		serviceFuncs[name] = f
+	}
+
+	// now we have registered the services, run reexec.Init() which will
+	// potentially start one of the services if the current binary has
+	// been exec'd with argv[0] set to "p2p-node"
+	if reexec.Init() {
+		os.Exit(0)
+	}
+}