Merge branch 'release/0.9.36'

63 files changed, 1506 insertions, 368 deletions

diff --git a/core/asm.go b/core/asm.go
index f40c07904..071663992 100644
--- a/core/asm.go
+++ b/core/asm.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/bad_block.go b/core/bad_block.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55c114645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/bad_block.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package core
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+)
+
+// DisabledBadBlockReporting can be set to prevent blocks being reported.
+var DisableBadBlockReporting = true
+
+// ReportBlock reports the block to the block reporting tool found at
+// badblocks.ethdev.com
+func ReportBlock(block *types.Block, err error) {
+	if DisableBadBlockReporting {
+		return
+	}
+
+	const url = "https://badblocks.ethdev.com"
+
+	blockRlp, _ := rlp.EncodeToBytes(block)
+	data := map[string]interface{}{
+		"block":     common.Bytes2Hex(blockRlp),
+		"errortype": err.Error(),
+		"hints": map[string]interface{}{
+			"receipts": "NYI",
+			"vmtrace":  "NYI",
+		},
+	}
+	jsonStr, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{"method": "eth_badBlock", "params": []interface{}{data}, "id": "1", "jsonrpc": "2.0"})
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", url, bytes.NewBuffer(jsonStr))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	client := &http.Client{}
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln("POST err:", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if glog.V(logger.Debug) {
+		glog.Infoln("response Status:", resp.Status)
+		glog.Infoln("response Headers:", resp.Header)
+		body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		glog.Infoln("response Body:", string(body))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/core/bench_test.go b/core/bench_test.go
index 6d851febd..645df48c2 100644
--- a/core/bench_test.go
+++ b/core/bench_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -152,7 +168,7 @@ func benchInsertChain(b *testing.B, disk bool, gen func(int, *BlockGen)) {
 	// Time the insertion of the new chain.
 	// State and blocks are stored in the same DB.
 	evmux := new(event.TypeMux)
-	chainman, _ := NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, FakePow{}, evmux)
+	chainman, _ := NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, db, FakePow{}, evmux)
 	chainman.SetProcessor(NewBlockProcessor(db, db, FakePow{}, chainman, evmux))
 	defer chainman.Stop()
 	b.ReportAllocs()
diff --git a/core/block_cache.go b/core/block_cache.go
index 0c747d37c..655f6c24b 100644
--- a/core/block_cache.go
+++ b/core/block_cache.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/block_cache_test.go b/core/block_cache_test.go
index 80d118599..abea0a654 100644
--- a/core/block_cache_test.go
+++ b/core/block_cache_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/block_processor.go b/core/block_processor.go
index 22d4c7c27..e912c0b6e 100644
--- a/core/block_processor.go
+++ b/core/block_processor.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -9,12 +25,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"gopkg.in/fatih/set.v0"
 )
 
@@ -24,8 +40,6 @@ const (
 	BlockChainVersion = 3
 )
 
-var receiptsPre = []byte("receipts-")
-
 type BlockProcessor struct {
 	db      common.Database
 	extraDb common.Database
@@ -74,15 +88,22 @@ func (self *BlockProcessor) ApplyTransaction(coinbase *state.StateObject, stated
 
 	cb := statedb.GetStateObject(coinbase.Address())
 	_, gas, err := ApplyMessage(NewEnv(statedb, self.bc, tx, header), tx, cb)
-	if err != nil && (IsNonceErr(err) || state.IsGasLimitErr(err) || IsInvalidTxErr(err)) {
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
 	// Update the state with pending changes
-	statedb.Update()
+	statedb.SyncIntermediate()
 
 	usedGas.Add(usedGas, gas)
 	receipt := types.NewReceipt(statedb.Root().Bytes(), usedGas)
+	receipt.TxHash = tx.Hash()
+	receipt.GasUsed = new(big.Int).Set(gas)
+	if MessageCreatesContract(tx) {
+		from, _ := tx.From()
+		receipt.ContractAddress = crypto.CreateAddress(from, tx.Nonce())
+	}
+
 	logs := statedb.GetLogs(tx.Hash())
 	receipt.SetLogs(logs)
 	receipt.Bloom = types.CreateBloom(types.Receipts{receipt})
@@ -114,7 +135,7 @@ func (self *BlockProcessor) ApplyTransactions(coinbase *state.StateObject, state
 		statedb.StartRecord(tx.Hash(), block.Hash(), i)
 
 		receipt, txGas, err := self.ApplyTransaction(coinbase, statedb, header, tx, totalUsedGas, transientProcess)
-		if err != nil && (IsNonceErr(err) || state.IsGasLimitErr(err) || IsInvalidTxErr(err)) {
+		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
@@ -151,7 +172,7 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) RetryProcess(block *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, err
 	errch := make(chan bool)
 	go func() { errch <- sm.Pow.Verify(block) }()
 
-	logs, err = sm.processWithParent(block, parent)
+	logs, _, err = sm.processWithParent(block, parent)
 	if !<-errch {
 		return nil, ValidationError("Block's nonce is invalid (= %x)", block.Nonce)
 	}
@@ -162,23 +183,23 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) RetryProcess(block *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, err
 // Process block will attempt to process the given block's transactions and applies them
 // on top of the block's parent state (given it exists) and will return wether it was
 // successful or not.
-func (sm *BlockProcessor) Process(block *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, err error) {
+func (sm *BlockProcessor) Process(block *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, receipts types.Receipts, err error) {
 	// Processing a blocks may never happen simultaneously
 	sm.mutex.Lock()
 	defer sm.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	if sm.bc.HasBlock(block.Hash()) {
-		return nil, &KnownBlockError{block.Number(), block.Hash()}
+		return nil, nil, &KnownBlockError{block.Number(), block.Hash()}
 	}
 
 	if !sm.bc.HasBlock(block.ParentHash()) {
-		return nil, ParentError(block.ParentHash())
+		return nil, nil, ParentError(block.ParentHash())
 	}
 	parent := sm.bc.GetBlock(block.ParentHash())
 	return sm.processWithParent(block, parent)
 }
 
-func (sm *BlockProcessor) processWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, err error) {
+func (sm *BlockProcessor) processWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, receipts types.Receipts, err error) {
 	// Create a new state based on the parent's root (e.g., create copy)
 	state := state.New(parent.Root(), sm.db)
 	header := block.Header()
@@ -192,10 +213,10 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) processWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (logs st
 
 	// There can be at most two uncles
 	if len(uncles) > 2 {
-		return nil, ValidationError("Block can only contain maximum 2 uncles (contained %v)", len(uncles))
+		return nil, nil, ValidationError("Block can only contain maximum 2 uncles (contained %v)", len(uncles))
 	}
 
-	receipts, err := sm.TransitionState(state, parent, block, false)
+	receipts, err = sm.TransitionState(state, parent, block, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -239,7 +260,7 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) processWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (logs st
 
 	// Commit state objects/accounts to a temporary trie (does not save)
 	// used to calculate the state root.
-	state.Update()
+	state.SyncObjects()
 	if header.Root != state.Root() {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("invalid merkle root. received=%x got=%x", header.Root, state.Root())
 		return
@@ -248,15 +269,7 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) processWithParent(block, parent *types.Block) (logs st
 	// Sync the current block's state to the database
 	state.Sync()
 
-	// This puts transactions in a extra db for rpc
-	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
-		putTx(sm.extraDb, tx, block, uint64(i))
-	}
-
-	// store the receipts
-	putReceipts(sm.extraDb, block.Hash(), receipts)
-
-	return state.Logs(), nil
+	return state.Logs(), receipts, nil
 }
 
 var (
@@ -327,16 +340,20 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) VerifyUncles(statedb *state.StateDB, block, parent *ty
 }
 
 // GetBlockReceipts returns the receipts beloniging to the block hash
-func (sm *BlockProcessor) GetBlockReceipts(bhash common.Hash) (receipts types.Receipts, err error) {
-	return getBlockReceipts(sm.extraDb, bhash)
+func (sm *BlockProcessor) GetBlockReceipts(bhash common.Hash) types.Receipts {
+	if block := sm.ChainManager().GetBlock(bhash); block != nil {
+		return GetReceiptsFromBlock(sm.extraDb, block)
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // GetLogs returns the logs of the given block. This method is using a two step approach
 // where it tries to get it from the (updated) method which gets them from the receipts or
 // the depricated way by re-processing the block.
 func (sm *BlockProcessor) GetLogs(block *types.Block) (logs state.Logs, err error) {
-	receipts, err := sm.GetBlockReceipts(block.Hash())
-	if err == nil && len(receipts) > 0 {
+	receipts := GetReceiptsFromBlock(sm.extraDb, block)
+	if len(receipts) > 0 {
 		// coalesce logs
 		for _, receipt := range receipts {
 			logs = append(logs, receipt.Logs()...)
@@ -362,6 +379,13 @@ func ValidateHeader(pow pow.PoW, block *types.Header, parent *types.Block, check
 		return fmt.Errorf("Block extra data too long (%d)", len(block.Extra))
 	}
 
+	if block.Time > uint64(time.Now().Unix()) {
+		return BlockFutureErr
+	}
+	if block.Time <= parent.Time() {
+		return BlockEqualTSErr
+	}
+
 	expd := CalcDifficulty(int64(block.Time), int64(parent.Time()), parent.Difficulty())
 	if expd.Cmp(block.Difficulty) != 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Difficulty check failed for block %v, %v", block.Difficulty, expd)
@@ -377,20 +401,12 @@ func ValidateHeader(pow pow.PoW, block *types.Header, parent *types.Block, check
 		return fmt.Errorf("GasLimit check failed for block %v (%v > %v)", block.GasLimit, a, b)
 	}
 
-	if int64(block.Time) > time.Now().Unix() {
-		return BlockFutureErr
-	}
-
 	num := parent.Number()
 	num.Sub(block.Number, num)
 	if num.Cmp(big.NewInt(1)) != 0 {
 		return BlockNumberErr
 	}
 
-	if block.Time <= uint64(parent.Time()) {
-		return BlockEqualTSErr //ValidationError("Block timestamp equal or less than previous block (%v - %v)", block.Time, parent.Time)
-	}
-
 	if checkPow {
 		// Verify the nonce of the block. Return an error if it's not valid
 		if !pow.Verify(types.NewBlockWithHeader(block)) {
@@ -400,55 +416,3 @@ func ValidateHeader(pow pow.PoW, block *types.Header, parent *types.Block, check
 
 	return nil
 }
-
-func getBlockReceipts(db common.Database, bhash common.Hash) (receipts types.Receipts, err error) {
-	var rdata []byte
-	rdata, err = db.Get(append(receiptsPre, bhash[:]...))
-
-	if err == nil {
-		err = rlp.DecodeBytes(rdata, &receipts)
-	} else {
-		glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("getBlockReceipts error %v\n", err)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-func putTx(db common.Database, tx *types.Transaction, block *types.Block, i uint64) {
-	rlpEnc, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(tx)
-	if err != nil {
-		glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln("Failed encoding tx", err)
-		return
-	}
-	db.Put(tx.Hash().Bytes(), rlpEnc)
-
-	var txExtra struct {
-		BlockHash  common.Hash
-		BlockIndex uint64
-		Index      uint64
-	}
-	txExtra.BlockHash = block.Hash()
-	txExtra.BlockIndex = block.NumberU64()
-	txExtra.Index = i
-	rlpMeta, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(txExtra)
-	if err != nil {
-		glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln("Failed encoding tx meta data", err)
-		return
-	}
-	db.Put(append(tx.Hash().Bytes(), 0x0001), rlpMeta)
-}
-
-func putReceipts(db common.Database, hash common.Hash, receipts types.Receipts) error {
-	storageReceipts := make([]*types.ReceiptForStorage, len(receipts))
-	for i, receipt := range receipts {
-		storageReceipts[i] = (*types.ReceiptForStorage)(receipt)
-	}
-
-	bytes, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(storageReceipts)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	db.Put(append(receiptsPre, hash[:]...), bytes)
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/core/block_processor_test.go b/core/block_processor_test.go
index dc328a3ea..4250b897b 100644
--- a/core/block_processor_test.go
+++ b/core/block_processor_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -18,7 +34,7 @@ func proc() (*BlockProcessor, *ChainManager) {
 	var mux event.TypeMux
 
 	genesis := GenesisBlock(0, db)
-	chainMan, err := NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, thePow(), &mux)
+	chainMan, err := NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, db, thePow(), &mux)
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Println(err)
 	}
@@ -64,12 +80,9 @@ func TestPutReceipt(t *testing.T) {
 		Index:     0,
 	}})
 
-	putReceipts(db, hash, types.Receipts{receipt})
-	receipts, err := getBlockReceipts(db, hash)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Error("got err:", err)
-	}
-	if len(receipts) != 1 {
-		t.Error("expected to get 1 receipt, got", len(receipts))
+	PutReceipts(db, types.Receipts{receipt})
+	receipt = GetReceipt(db, common.Hash{})
+	if receipt == nil {
+		t.Error("expected to get 1 receipt, got none.")
 	}
 }
diff --git a/core/blocks.go b/core/blocks.go
index f0d39e1e1..b3a559279 100644
--- a/core/blocks.go
+++ b/core/blocks.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
diff --git a/core/canary.go b/core/canary.go
index de77c4bba..710e31530 100644
--- a/core/canary.go
+++ b/core/canary.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -8,10 +24,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	jeff      = common.HexToAddress("9d38997c624a71b21278389ea2fdc460d000e4b2")
-	vitalik   = common.HexToAddress("b1e570be07eaa673e4fd0c8265b64ef739385709")
-	christoph = common.HexToAddress("529bc43a5d93789fa28de1961db6a07e752204ae")
-	gav       = common.HexToAddress("e3e942b2aa524293c84ff6c7f87a6635790ad5e4")
+	jeff      = common.HexToAddress("a8edb1ac2c86d3d9d78f96cd18001f60df29e52c")
+	vitalik   = common.HexToAddress("1baf27b88c48dd02b744999cf3522766929d2b2a")
+	christoph = common.HexToAddress("60d11b58744784dc97f878f7e3749c0f1381a004")
+	gav       = common.HexToAddress("4bb7e8ae99b645c2b7860b8f3a2328aae28bd80a")
 )
 
 // Canary will check the 0'd address of the 4 contracts above.
diff --git a/core/chain_makers.go b/core/chain_makers.go
index 72ae7970e..07670608a 100644
--- a/core/chain_makers.go
+++ b/core/chain_makers.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -77,7 +93,7 @@ func (b *BlockGen) AddTx(tx *types.Transaction) {
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
-	b.statedb.Update()
+	b.statedb.SyncIntermediate()
 	b.header.GasUsed.Add(b.header.GasUsed, gas)
 	receipt := types.NewReceipt(b.statedb.Root().Bytes(), b.header.GasUsed)
 	logs := b.statedb.GetLogs(tx.Hash())
@@ -135,7 +151,7 @@ func GenerateChain(parent *types.Block, db common.Database, n int, gen func(int,
 			gen(i, b)
 		}
 		AccumulateRewards(statedb, h, b.uncles)
-		statedb.Update()
+		statedb.SyncIntermediate()
 		h.Root = statedb.Root()
 		return types.NewBlock(h, b.txs, b.uncles, b.receipts)
 	}
@@ -155,7 +171,7 @@ func makeHeader(parent *types.Block, state *state.StateDB) *types.Header {
 		Root:       state.Root(),
 		ParentHash: parent.Hash(),
 		Coinbase:   parent.Coinbase(),
-		Difficulty: CalcDifficulty(time, parent.Time(), parent.Difficulty()),
+		Difficulty: CalcDifficulty(int64(time), int64(parent.Time()), parent.Difficulty()),
 		GasLimit:   CalcGasLimit(parent),
 		GasUsed:    new(big.Int),
 		Number:     new(big.Int).Add(parent.Number(), common.Big1),
@@ -167,7 +183,7 @@ func makeHeader(parent *types.Block, state *state.StateDB) *types.Header {
 // InsertChain on the result of makeChain.
 func newCanonical(n int, db common.Database) (*BlockProcessor, error) {
 	evmux := &event.TypeMux{}
-	chainman, _ := NewChainManager(GenesisBlock(0, db), db, db, FakePow{}, evmux)
+	chainman, _ := NewChainManager(GenesisBlock(0, db), db, db, db, FakePow{}, evmux)
 	bman := NewBlockProcessor(db, db, FakePow{}, chainman, evmux)
 	bman.bc.SetProcessor(bman)
 	parent := bman.bc.CurrentBlock()
diff --git a/core/chain_makers_test.go b/core/chain_makers_test.go
index d5125e1c3..2f001be9b 100644
--- a/core/chain_makers_test.go
+++ b/core/chain_makers_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -58,7 +74,7 @@ func ExampleGenerateChain() {
 
 	// Import the chain. This runs all block validation rules.
 	evmux := &event.TypeMux{}
-	chainman, _ := NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, FakePow{}, evmux)
+	chainman, _ := NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, db, FakePow{}, evmux)
 	chainman.SetProcessor(NewBlockProcessor(db, db, FakePow{}, chainman, evmux))
 	if i, err := chainman.InsertChain(chain); err != nil {
 		fmt.Printf("insert error (block %d): %v\n", i, err)
diff --git a/core/chain_manager.go b/core/chain_manager.go
index 808ccd201..bd49bafc2 100644
--- a/core/chain_manager.go
+++ b/core/chain_manager.go
@@ -1,7 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Package core implements the Ethereum consensus protocol.
 package core
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math/big"
@@ -11,19 +27,15 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/compression/rle"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
-	"github.com/syndtr/goleveldb/leveldb"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -40,59 +52,14 @@ const (
 	blockCacheLimit     = 256
 	maxFutureBlocks     = 256
 	maxTimeFutureBlocks = 30
+	checkpointLimit     = 200
 )
 
-// CalcDifficulty is the difficulty adjustment algorithm. It returns
-// the difficulty that a new block b should have when created at time
-// given the parent block's time and difficulty.
-func CalcDifficulty(time int64, parentTime int64, parentDiff *big.Int) *big.Int {
-	diff := new(big.Int)
-	adjust := new(big.Int).Div(parentDiff, params.DifficultyBoundDivisor)
-	if big.NewInt(time-parentTime).Cmp(params.DurationLimit) < 0 {
-		diff.Add(parentDiff, adjust)
-	} else {
-		diff.Sub(parentDiff, adjust)
-	}
-	if diff.Cmp(params.MinimumDifficulty) < 0 {
-		return params.MinimumDifficulty
-	}
-	return diff
-}
-
-// CalcTD computes the total difficulty of block.
-func CalcTD(block, parent *types.Block) *big.Int {
-	if parent == nil {
-		return block.Difficulty()
-	}
-	d := block.Difficulty()
-	d.Add(d, parent.Td)
-	return d
-}
-
-// CalcGasLimit computes the gas limit of the next block after parent.
-// The result may be modified by the caller.
-func CalcGasLimit(parent *types.Block) *big.Int {
-	decay := new(big.Int).Div(parent.GasLimit(), params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)
-	contrib := new(big.Int).Mul(parent.GasUsed(), big.NewInt(3))
-	contrib = contrib.Div(contrib, big.NewInt(2))
-	contrib = contrib.Div(contrib, params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)
-
-	gl := new(big.Int).Sub(parent.GasLimit(), decay)
-	gl = gl.Add(gl, contrib)
-	gl = gl.Add(gl, big.NewInt(1))
-	gl.Set(common.BigMax(gl, params.MinGasLimit))
-
-	if gl.Cmp(params.GenesisGasLimit) < 0 {
-		gl.Add(parent.GasLimit(), decay)
-		gl.Set(common.BigMin(gl, params.GenesisGasLimit))
-	}
-	return gl
-}
-
 type ChainManager struct {
 	//eth          EthManager
 	blockDb      common.Database
 	stateDb      common.Database
+	extraDb      common.Database
 	processor    types.BlockProcessor
 	eventMux     *event.TypeMux
 	genesisBlock *types.Block
@@ -101,6 +68,7 @@ type ChainManager struct {
 	chainmu sync.RWMutex
 	tsmu    sync.RWMutex
 
+	checkpoint      int // checkpoint counts towards the new checkpoint
 	td              *big.Int
 	currentBlock    *types.Block
 	lastBlockHash   common.Hash
@@ -109,9 +77,8 @@ type ChainManager struct {
 	transState *state.StateDB
 	txState    *state.ManagedState
 
-	cache         *lru.Cache // cache is the LRU caching
-	futureBlocks  *lru.Cache // future blocks are blocks added for later processing
-	pendingBlocks *lru.Cache // pending blocks contain blocks not yet written to the db
+	cache        *lru.Cache // cache is the LRU caching
+	futureBlocks *lru.Cache // future blocks are blocks added for later processing
 
 	quit chan struct{}
 	// procInterrupt must be atomically called
@@ -121,11 +88,12 @@ type ChainManager struct {
 	pow pow.PoW
 }
 
-func NewChainManager(genesis *types.Block, blockDb, stateDb common.Database, pow pow.PoW, mux *event.TypeMux) (*ChainManager, error) {
+func NewChainManager(genesis *types.Block, blockDb, stateDb, extraDb common.Database, pow pow.PoW, mux *event.TypeMux) (*ChainManager, error) {
 	cache, _ := lru.New(blockCacheLimit)
 	bc := &ChainManager{
 		blockDb:      blockDb,
 		stateDb:      stateDb,
+		extraDb:      extraDb,
 		genesisBlock: GenesisBlock(42, stateDb),
 		eventMux:     mux,
 		quit:         make(chan struct{}),
@@ -240,6 +208,24 @@ func (self *ChainManager) setTransState(statedb *state.StateDB) {
 	self.transState = statedb
 }
 
+func (bc *ChainManager) recover() bool {
+	data, _ := bc.blockDb.Get([]byte("checkpoint"))
+	if len(data) != 0 {
+		block := bc.GetBlock(common.BytesToHash(data))
+		if block != nil {
+			err := bc.blockDb.Put([]byte("LastBlock"), block.Hash().Bytes())
+			if err != nil {
+				glog.Fatalln("db write err:", err)
+			}
+
+			bc.currentBlock = block
+			bc.lastBlockHash = block.Hash()
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func (bc *ChainManager) setLastState() {
 	data, _ := bc.blockDb.Get([]byte("LastBlock"))
 	if len(data) != 0 {
@@ -248,7 +234,12 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) setLastState() {
 			bc.currentBlock = block
 			bc.lastBlockHash = block.Hash()
 		} else {
-			glog.Fatalf("Fatal. LastBlock not found. Please run removedb and resync")
+			glog.Infof("LastBlock (%x) not found. Recovering...\n", data)
+			if bc.recover() {
+				glog.Infof("Recover successful")
+			} else {
+				glog.Fatalf("Recover failed. Please report")
+			}
 		}
 	} else {
 		bc.Reset()
@@ -347,14 +338,19 @@ func (self *ChainManager) ExportN(w io.Writer, first uint64, last uint64) error
 // insert injects a block into the current chain block chain. Note, this function
 // assumes that the `mu` mutex is held!
 func (bc *ChainManager) insert(block *types.Block) {
-	key := append(blockNumPre, block.Number().Bytes()...)
-	err := bc.blockDb.Put(key, block.Hash().Bytes())
+	err := WriteHead(bc.blockDb, block)
 	if err != nil {
 		glog.Fatal("db write fail:", err)
 	}
-	err = bc.blockDb.Put([]byte("LastBlock"), block.Hash().Bytes())
-	if err != nil {
-		glog.Fatal("db write fail:", err)
+
+	bc.checkpoint++
+	if bc.checkpoint > checkpointLimit {
+		err = bc.blockDb.Put([]byte("checkpoint"), block.Hash().Bytes())
+		if err != nil {
+			glog.Fatal("db write fail:", err)
+		}
+
+		bc.checkpoint = 0
 	}
 
 	bc.currentBlock = block
@@ -387,12 +383,6 @@ func (bc *ChainManager) HasBlock(hash common.Hash) bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	if bc.pendingBlocks != nil {
-		if _, exist := bc.pendingBlocks.Get(hash); exist {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
 	data, _ := bc.blockDb.Get(append(blockHashPre, hash[:]...))
 	return len(data) != 0
 }
@@ -423,26 +413,15 @@ func (self *ChainManager) GetBlock(hash common.Hash) *types.Block {
 		return block.(*types.Block)
 	}
 
-	if self.pendingBlocks != nil {
-		if block, _ := self.pendingBlocks.Get(hash); block != nil {
-			return block.(*types.Block)
-		}
-	}
-
-	data, _ := self.blockDb.Get(append(blockHashPre, hash[:]...))
-	if len(data) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	var block types.StorageBlock
-	if err := rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data), &block); err != nil {
-		glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("invalid block RLP for hash %x: %v", hash, err)
+	block := GetBlockByHash(self.blockDb, hash)
+	if block == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	// Add the block to the cache
-	self.cache.Add(hash, (*types.Block)(&block))
+	self.cache.Add(hash, (*types.Block)(block))
 
-	return (*types.Block)(&block)
+	return (*types.Block)(block)
 }
 
 func (self *ChainManager) GetBlockByNumber(num uint64) *types.Block {
@@ -468,12 +447,7 @@ func (self *ChainManager) GetBlocksFromHash(hash common.Hash, n int) (blocks []*
 
 // non blocking version
 func (self *ChainManager) getBlockByNumber(num uint64) *types.Block {
-	key, _ := self.blockDb.Get(append(blockNumPre, big.NewInt(int64(num)).Bytes()...))
-	if len(key) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return self.GetBlock(common.BytesToHash(key))
+	return GetBlockByNumber(self.blockDb, num)
 }
 
 func (self *ChainManager) GetUnclesInChain(block *types.Block, length int) (uncles []*types.Header) {
@@ -519,38 +493,13 @@ func (self *ChainManager) procFutureBlocks() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (self *ChainManager) enqueueForWrite(block *types.Block) {
-	self.pendingBlocks.Add(block.Hash(), block)
-}
-
-func (self *ChainManager) flushQueuedBlocks() {
-	db, batchWrite := self.blockDb.(*ethdb.LDBDatabase)
-	batch := new(leveldb.Batch)
-	for _, key := range self.pendingBlocks.Keys() {
-		b, _ := self.pendingBlocks.Get(key)
-		block := b.(*types.Block)
-
-		enc, _ := rlp.EncodeToBytes((*types.StorageBlock)(block))
-		key := append(blockHashPre, block.Hash().Bytes()...)
-		if batchWrite {
-			batch.Put(key, rle.Compress(enc))
-		} else {
-			self.blockDb.Put(key, enc)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if batchWrite {
-		db.LDB().Write(batch, nil)
-	}
-}
-
 type writeStatus byte
 
 const (
-	nonStatTy writeStatus = iota
-	canonStatTy
-	splitStatTy
-	sideStatTy
+	NonStatTy writeStatus = iota
+	CanonStatTy
+	SplitStatTy
+	SideStatTy
 )
 
 // WriteBlock writes the block to the chain (or pending queue)
@@ -567,10 +516,10 @@ func (self *ChainManager) WriteBlock(block *types.Block, queued bool) (status wr
 			// during split we merge two different chains and create the new canonical chain
 			err := self.merge(cblock, block)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nonStatTy, err
+				return NonStatTy, err
 			}
 
-			status = splitStatTy
+			status = SplitStatTy
 		}
 
 		self.mu.Lock()
@@ -581,20 +530,12 @@ func (self *ChainManager) WriteBlock(block *types.Block, queued bool) (status wr
 		self.setTransState(state.New(block.Root(), self.stateDb))
 		self.txState.SetState(state.New(block.Root(), self.stateDb))
 
-		status = canonStatTy
+		status = CanonStatTy
 	} else {
-		status = sideStatTy
+		status = SideStatTy
 	}
 
-	if queued {
-		// Write block to database. Eventually we'll have to improve on this and throw away blocks that are
-		// not in the canonical chain.
-		self.mu.Lock()
-		self.enqueueForWrite(block)
-		self.mu.Unlock()
-	} else {
-		self.write(block)
-	}
+	self.write(block)
 	// Delete from future blocks
 	self.futureBlocks.Remove(block.Hash())
 
@@ -610,8 +551,6 @@ func (self *ChainManager) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error) {
 	self.chainmu.Lock()
 	defer self.chainmu.Unlock()
 
-	self.pendingBlocks, _ = lru.New(len(chain))
-
 	// A queued approach to delivering events. This is generally
 	// faster than direct delivery and requires much less mutex
 	// acquiring.
@@ -629,7 +568,6 @@ func (self *ChainManager) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error) {
 	// Start the parallel nonce verifier.
 	go verifyNonces(self.pow, chain, nonceQuit, nonceDone)
 	defer close(nonceQuit)
-	defer self.flushQueuedBlocks()
 
 	txcount := 0
 	for i, block := range chain {
@@ -662,7 +600,7 @@ func (self *ChainManager) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error) {
 
 		// Call in to the block processor and check for errors. It's likely that if one block fails
 		// all others will fail too (unless a known block is returned).
-		logs, err := self.processor.Process(block)
+		logs, receipts, err := self.processor.Process(block)
 		if err != nil {
 			if IsKnownBlockErr(err) {
 				stats.ignored++
@@ -673,7 +611,7 @@ func (self *ChainManager) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error) {
 				// Allow up to MaxFuture second in the future blocks. If this limit
 				// is exceeded the chain is discarded and processed at a later time
 				// if given.
-				if max := time.Now().Unix() + maxTimeFutureBlocks; block.Time() > max {
+				if max := time.Now().Unix() + maxTimeFutureBlocks; int64(block.Time()) > max {
 					return i, fmt.Errorf("%v: BlockFutureErr, %v > %v", BlockFutureErr, block.Time(), max)
 				}
 
@@ -690,6 +628,8 @@ func (self *ChainManager) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error) {
 
 			blockErr(block, err)
 
+			go ReportBlock(block, err)
+
 			return i, err
 		}
 
@@ -701,19 +641,24 @@ func (self *ChainManager) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error) {
 			return i, err
 		}
 		switch status {
-		case canonStatTy:
+		case CanonStatTy:
 			if glog.V(logger.Debug) {
 				glog.Infof("[%v] inserted block #%d (%d TXs %d UNCs) (%x...). Took %v\n", time.Now().UnixNano(), block.Number(), len(block.Transactions()), len(block.Uncles()), block.Hash().Bytes()[0:4], time.Since(bstart))
 			}
 			queue[i] = ChainEvent{block, block.Hash(), logs}
 			queueEvent.canonicalCount++
-		case sideStatTy:
+
+			// This puts transactions in a extra db for rpc
+			PutTransactions(self.extraDb, block, block.Transactions())
+			// store the receipts
+			PutReceipts(self.extraDb, receipts)
+		case SideStatTy:
 			if glog.V(logger.Detail) {
 				glog.Infof("inserted forked block #%d (TD=%v) (%d TXs %d UNCs) (%x...). Took %v\n", block.Number(), block.Difficulty(), len(block.Transactions()), len(block.Uncles()), block.Hash().Bytes()[0:4], time.Since(bstart))
 			}
 			queue[i] = ChainSideEvent{block, logs}
 			queueEvent.sideCount++
-		case splitStatTy:
+		case SplitStatTy:
 			queue[i] = ChainSplitEvent{block, logs}
 			queueEvent.splitCount++
 		}
diff --git a/core/chain_manager_test.go b/core/chain_manager_test.go
index 8b3ea9e85..92f080f01 100644
--- a/core/chain_manager_test.go
+++ b/core/chain_manager_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -33,7 +49,7 @@ func thePow() pow.PoW {
 func theChainManager(db common.Database, t *testing.T) *ChainManager {
 	var eventMux event.TypeMux
 	genesis := GenesisBlock(0, db)
-	chainMan, err := NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, thePow(), &eventMux)
+	chainMan, err := NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, db, thePow(), &eventMux)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error("failed creating chainmanager:", err)
 		t.FailNow()
@@ -96,7 +112,7 @@ func printChain(bc *ChainManager) {
 func testChain(chainB types.Blocks, bman *BlockProcessor) (*big.Int, error) {
 	td := new(big.Int)
 	for _, block := range chainB {
-		_, err := bman.bc.processor.Process(block)
+		_, _, err := bman.bc.processor.Process(block)
 		if err != nil {
 			if IsKnownBlockErr(err) {
 				continue
@@ -109,8 +125,7 @@ func testChain(chainB types.Blocks, bman *BlockProcessor) (*big.Int, error) {
 
 		bman.bc.mu.Lock()
 		{
-			bman.bc.enqueueForWrite(block)
-			//bman.bc.write(block)
+			bman.bc.write(block)
 		}
 		bman.bc.mu.Unlock()
 	}
@@ -368,7 +383,7 @@ func TestGetBlocksFromHash(t *testing.T) {
 
 type bproc struct{}
 
-func (bproc) Process(*types.Block) (state.Logs, error) { return nil, nil }
+func (bproc) Process(*types.Block) (state.Logs, types.Receipts, error) { return nil, nil, nil }
 
 func makeChainWithDiff(genesis *types.Block, d []int, seed byte) []*types.Block {
 	var chain []*types.Block
@@ -391,7 +406,7 @@ func makeChainWithDiff(genesis *types.Block, d []int, seed byte) []*types.Block
 
 func chm(genesis *types.Block, db common.Database) *ChainManager {
 	var eventMux event.TypeMux
-	bc := &ChainManager{blockDb: db, stateDb: db, genesisBlock: genesis, eventMux: &eventMux, pow: FakePow{}}
+	bc := &ChainManager{extraDb: db, blockDb: db, stateDb: db, genesisBlock: genesis, eventMux: &eventMux, pow: FakePow{}}
 	bc.cache, _ = lru.New(100)
 	bc.futureBlocks, _ = lru.New(100)
 	bc.processor = bproc{}
@@ -480,12 +495,12 @@ func TestGenesisMismatch(t *testing.T) {
 	db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
 	var mux event.TypeMux
 	genesis := GenesisBlock(0, db)
-	_, err := NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, thePow(), &mux)
+	_, err := NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, db, thePow(), &mux)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error(err)
 	}
 	genesis = GenesisBlock(1, db)
-	_, err = NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, thePow(), &mux)
+	_, err = NewChainManager(genesis, db, db, db, thePow(), &mux)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected genesis mismatch error")
 	}
diff --git a/core/chain_util.go b/core/chain_util.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96c9a03d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/chain_util.go
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package core
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+)
+
+// CalcDifficulty is the difficulty adjustment algorithm. It returns
+// the difficulty that a new block b should have when created at time
+// given the parent block's time and difficulty.
+func CalcDifficulty(time int64, parentTime int64, parentDiff *big.Int) *big.Int {
+	diff := new(big.Int)
+	adjust := new(big.Int).Div(parentDiff, params.DifficultyBoundDivisor)
+	if big.NewInt(time-parentTime).Cmp(params.DurationLimit) < 0 {
+		diff.Add(parentDiff, adjust)
+	} else {
+		diff.Sub(parentDiff, adjust)
+	}
+	if diff.Cmp(params.MinimumDifficulty) < 0 {
+		return params.MinimumDifficulty
+	}
+	return diff
+}
+
+// CalcTD computes the total difficulty of block.
+func CalcTD(block, parent *types.Block) *big.Int {
+	if parent == nil {
+		return block.Difficulty()
+	}
+	d := block.Difficulty()
+	d.Add(d, parent.Td)
+	return d
+}
+
+// CalcGasLimit computes the gas limit of the next block after parent.
+// The result may be modified by the caller.
+func CalcGasLimit(parent *types.Block) *big.Int {
+	decay := new(big.Int).Div(parent.GasLimit(), params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)
+	contrib := new(big.Int).Mul(parent.GasUsed(), big.NewInt(3))
+	contrib = contrib.Div(contrib, big.NewInt(2))
+	contrib = contrib.Div(contrib, params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)
+
+	gl := new(big.Int).Sub(parent.GasLimit(), decay)
+	gl = gl.Add(gl, contrib)
+	gl = gl.Add(gl, big.NewInt(1))
+	gl.Set(common.BigMax(gl, params.MinGasLimit))
+
+	if gl.Cmp(params.GenesisGasLimit) < 0 {
+		gl.Add(parent.GasLimit(), decay)
+		gl.Set(common.BigMin(gl, params.GenesisGasLimit))
+	}
+	return gl
+}
+
+// GetBlockByHash returns the block corresponding to the hash or nil if not found
+func GetBlockByHash(db common.Database, hash common.Hash) *types.Block {
+	data, _ := db.Get(append(blockHashPre, hash[:]...))
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var block types.StorageBlock
+	if err := rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data), &block); err != nil {
+		glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("invalid block RLP for hash %x: %v", hash, err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return (*types.Block)(&block)
+}
+
+// GetBlockByHash returns the canonical block by number or nil if not found
+func GetBlockByNumber(db common.Database, number uint64) *types.Block {
+	key, _ := db.Get(append(blockNumPre, big.NewInt(int64(number)).Bytes()...))
+	if len(key) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return GetBlockByHash(db, common.BytesToHash(key))
+}
+
+// WriteHead force writes the current head
+func WriteHead(db common.Database, block *types.Block) error {
+	key := append(blockNumPre, block.Number().Bytes()...)
+	err := db.Put(key, block.Hash().Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = db.Put([]byte("LastBlock"), block.Hash().Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/core/error.go b/core/error.go
index 3f3c350df..299317a8e 100644
--- a/core/error.go
+++ b/core/error.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -30,7 +46,6 @@ func ParentError(hash common.Hash) error {
 
 func IsParentErr(err error) bool {
 	_, ok := err.(*ParentErr)
-
 	return ok
 }
 
@@ -48,7 +63,6 @@ func UncleError(format string, v ...interface{}) error {
 
 func IsUncleErr(err error) bool {
 	_, ok := err.(*UncleErr)
-
 	return ok
 }
 
@@ -67,7 +81,6 @@ func ValidationError(format string, v ...interface{}) *ValidationErr {
 
 func IsValidationErr(err error) bool {
 	_, ok := err.(*ValidationErr)
-
 	return ok
 }
 
@@ -86,7 +99,6 @@ func NonceError(is, exp uint64) *NonceErr {
 
 func IsNonceErr(err error) bool {
 	_, ok := err.(*NonceErr)
-
 	return ok
 }
 
@@ -121,24 +133,6 @@ func InvalidTxError(err error) *InvalidTxErr {
 
 func IsInvalidTxErr(err error) bool {
 	_, ok := err.(*InvalidTxErr)
-
-	return ok
-}
-
-type OutOfGasErr struct {
-	Message string
-}
-
-func OutOfGasError() *OutOfGasErr {
-	return &OutOfGasErr{Message: "Out of gas"}
-}
-func (self *OutOfGasErr) Error() string {
-	return self.Message
-}
-
-func IsOutOfGasErr(err error) bool {
-	_, ok := err.(*OutOfGasErr)
-
 	return ok
 }
 
diff --git a/core/events.go b/core/events.go
index 7b56f8bb6..e47f78923 100644
--- a/core/events.go
+++ b/core/events.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/execution.go b/core/execution.go
index 9fb0210de..a4734dca5 100644
--- a/core/execution.go
+++ b/core/execution.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -53,7 +69,7 @@ func (self *Execution) exec(contextAddr *common.Address, code []byte, caller vm.
 	if env.Depth() > int(params.CallCreateDepth.Int64()) {
 		caller.ReturnGas(self.Gas, self.price)
 
-		return nil, vm.DepthError{}
+		return nil, vm.DepthError
 	}
 
 	vsnapshot := env.State().Copy()
diff --git a/core/fees.go b/core/fees.go
index bbce01b84..0eda52f6d 100644
--- a/core/fees.go
+++ b/core/fees.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/filter.go b/core/filter.go
index fcdf68dd0..277976a55 100644
--- a/core/filter.go
+++ b/core/filter.go
@@ -1,7 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"math"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
@@ -80,7 +95,6 @@ func (self *Filter) Find() state.Logs {
 
 done:
 	for i := 0; block != nil; i++ {
-		fmt.Println(block.NumberU64() == 0)
 		// Quit on latest
 		switch {
 		case block.NumberU64() == 0:
diff --git a/core/filter_test.go b/core/filter_test.go
index 9a8bc9592..50dc64b2e 100644
--- a/core/filter_test.go
+++ b/core/filter_test.go
@@ -1 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
diff --git a/core/genesis.go b/core/genesis.go
index df13466ec..2d369aae0 100644
--- a/core/genesis.go
+++ b/core/genesis.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -64,7 +80,7 @@ func GenesisBlockForTesting(db common.Database, addr common.Address, balance *bi
 	statedb := state.New(common.Hash{}, db)
 	obj := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(addr)
 	obj.SetBalance(balance)
-	statedb.Update()
+	statedb.SyncObjects()
 	statedb.Sync()
 	block := types.NewBlock(&types.Header{
 		Difficulty: params.GenesisDifficulty,
diff --git a/core/helper_test.go b/core/helper_test.go
index a308153aa..fbd900ab7 100644
--- a/core/helper_test.go
+++ b/core/helper_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/manager.go b/core/manager.go
index ba0ecf9d1..a72ef1952 100644
--- a/core/manager.go
+++ b/core/manager.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -14,5 +30,6 @@ type Backend interface {
 	TxPool() *TxPool
 	BlockDb() common.Database
 	StateDb() common.Database
+	ExtraDb() common.Database
 	EventMux() *event.TypeMux
 }
diff --git a/core/state/dump.go b/core/state/dump.go
index f6f2f9029..d1273f9b6 100644
--- a/core/state/dump.go
+++ b/core/state/dump.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package state
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/state/errors.go b/core/state/errors.go
index 5a847d38b..29acb5cc8 100644
--- a/core/state/errors.go
+++ b/core/state/errors.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package state
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/state/log.go b/core/state/log.go
index 882977061..5351c1831 100644
--- a/core/state/log.go
+++ b/core/state/log.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package state
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/state/main_test.go b/core/state/main_test.go
index f3d3f7e23..03225ba8c 100644
--- a/core/state/main_test.go
+++ b/core/state/main_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package state
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/state/managed_state.go b/core/state/managed_state.go
index aa6650d9b..4dee02992 100644
--- a/core/state/managed_state.go
+++ b/core/state/managed_state.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package state
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/state/managed_state_test.go b/core/state/managed_state_test.go
index c7ef2b323..7ae7c0393 100644
--- a/core/state/managed_state_test.go
+++ b/core/state/managed_state_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package state
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/state/state_object.go b/core/state/state_object.go
index a31c182d2..216ce9132 100644
--- a/core/state/state_object.go
+++ b/core/state/state_object.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package state
 
 import (
@@ -57,8 +73,6 @@ type StateObject struct {
 	initCode Code
 	// Cached storage (flushed when updated)
 	storage Storage
-	// Temporary prepaid gas, reward after transition
-	prepaid *big.Int
 
 	// Total gas pool is the total amount of gas currently
 	// left if this object is the coinbase. Gas is directly
@@ -77,14 +91,10 @@ func (self *StateObject) Reset() {
 }
 
 func NewStateObject(address common.Address, db common.Database) *StateObject {
-	// This to ensure that it has 20 bytes (and not 0 bytes), thus left or right pad doesn't matter.
-	//address := common.ToAddress(addr)
-
 	object := &StateObject{db: db, address: address, balance: new(big.Int), gasPool: new(big.Int), dirty: true}
 	object.trie = trie.NewSecure((common.Hash{}).Bytes(), db)
 	object.storage = make(Storage)
 	object.gasPool = new(big.Int)
-	object.prepaid = new(big.Int)
 
 	return object
 }
@@ -110,7 +120,6 @@ func NewStateObjectFromBytes(address common.Address, data []byte, db common.Data
 	object.trie = trie.NewSecure(extobject.Root[:], db)
 	object.storage = make(map[string]common.Hash)
 	object.gasPool = new(big.Int)
-	object.prepaid = new(big.Int)
 	object.code, _ = db.Get(extobject.CodeHash)
 
 	return object
@@ -172,7 +181,6 @@ func (self *StateObject) Update() {
 
 		self.setAddr([]byte(key), value)
 	}
-	self.storage = make(Storage)
 }
 
 func (c *StateObject) GetInstr(pc *big.Int) *common.Value {
diff --git a/core/state/state_test.go b/core/state/state_test.go
index 00e133dab..345bd9874 100644
--- a/core/state/state_test.go
+++ b/core/state/state_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package state
 
 import (
@@ -72,7 +88,7 @@ func TestNull(t *testing.T) {
 	//value := common.FromHex("0x823140710bf13990e4500136726d8b55")
 	var value common.Hash
 	state.SetState(address, common.Hash{}, value)
-	state.Update()
+	state.SyncIntermediate()
 	state.Sync()
 	value = state.GetState(address, common.Hash{})
 	if !common.EmptyHash(value) {
diff --git a/core/state/statedb.go b/core/state/statedb.go
index f6f63f329..3a2ad10e2 100644
--- a/core/state/statedb.go
+++ b/core/state/statedb.go
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Package state provides a caching layer atop the Ethereum state trie.
 package state
 
 import (
@@ -18,6 +35,7 @@ import (
 type StateDB struct {
 	db   common.Database
 	trie *trie.SecureTrie
+	root common.Hash
 
 	stateObjects map[string]*StateObject
 
@@ -31,7 +49,7 @@ type StateDB struct {
 // Create a new state from a given trie
 func New(root common.Hash, db common.Database) *StateDB {
 	trie := trie.NewSecure(root[:], db)
-	return &StateDB{db: db, trie: trie, stateObjects: make(map[string]*StateObject), refund: new(big.Int), logs: make(map[common.Hash]Logs)}
+	return &StateDB{root: root, db: db, trie: trie, stateObjects: make(map[string]*StateObject), refund: new(big.Int), logs: make(map[common.Hash]Logs)}
 }
 
 func (self *StateDB) PrintRoot() {
@@ -185,7 +203,7 @@ func (self *StateDB) DeleteStateObject(stateObject *StateObject) {
 	addr := stateObject.Address()
 	self.trie.Delete(addr[:])
 
-	delete(self.stateObjects, addr.Str())
+	//delete(self.stateObjects, addr.Str())
 }
 
 // Retrieve a state object given my the address. Nil if not found
@@ -323,7 +341,8 @@ func (self *StateDB) Refunds() *big.Int {
 	return self.refund
 }
 
-func (self *StateDB) Update() {
+// SyncIntermediate updates the intermediate state and all mid steps
+func (self *StateDB) SyncIntermediate() {
 	self.refund = new(big.Int)
 
 	for _, stateObject := range self.stateObjects {
@@ -340,6 +359,24 @@ func (self *StateDB) Update() {
 	}
 }
 
+// SyncObjects syncs the changed objects to the trie
+func (self *StateDB) SyncObjects() {
+	self.trie = trie.NewSecure(self.root[:], self.db)
+
+	self.refund = new(big.Int)
+
+	for _, stateObject := range self.stateObjects {
+		if stateObject.remove {
+			self.DeleteStateObject(stateObject)
+		} else {
+			stateObject.Update()
+
+			self.UpdateStateObject(stateObject)
+		}
+		stateObject.dirty = false
+	}
+}
+
 // Debug stuff
 func (self *StateDB) CreateOutputForDiff() {
 	for _, stateObject := range self.stateObjects {
diff --git a/core/state_transition.go b/core/state_transition.go
index e2212dfef..aacf53799 100644
--- a/core/state_transition.go
+++ b/core/state_transition.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -7,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
@@ -56,11 +71,6 @@ type Message interface {
 	Data() []byte
 }
 
-func AddressFromMessage(msg Message) common.Address {
-	from, _ := msg.From()
-	return crypto.CreateAddress(from, msg.Nonce())
-}
-
 func MessageCreatesContract(msg Message) bool {
 	return msg.To() == nil
 }
@@ -128,7 +138,7 @@ func (self *StateTransition) To() *state.StateObject {
 
 func (self *StateTransition) UseGas(amount *big.Int) error {
 	if self.gas.Cmp(amount) < 0 {
-		return OutOfGasError()
+		return vm.OutOfGasError
 	}
 	self.gas.Sub(self.gas, amount)
 
@@ -209,16 +219,23 @@ func (self *StateTransition) transitionState() (ret []byte, usedGas *big.Int, er
 				glog.V(logger.Core).Infoln("Insufficient gas for creating code. Require", dataGas, "and have", self.gas)
 			}
 		}
+		glog.V(logger.Core).Infoln("VM create err:", err)
 	} else {
 		// Increment the nonce for the next transaction
 		self.state.SetNonce(sender.Address(), sender.Nonce()+1)
 		ret, err = vmenv.Call(sender, self.To().Address(), self.data, self.gas, self.gasPrice, self.value)
+		glog.V(logger.Core).Infoln("VM call err:", err)
 	}
 
 	if err != nil && IsValueTransferErr(err) {
 		return nil, nil, InvalidTxError(err)
 	}
 
+	// We aren't interested in errors here. Errors returned by the VM are non-consensus errors and therefor shouldn't bubble up
+	if err != nil {
+		err = nil
+	}
+
 	if vm.Debug {
 		vm.StdErrFormat(vmenv.StructLogs())
 	}
diff --git a/core/transaction_pool.go b/core/transaction_pool.go
index bf28647c3..e02a3a6ac 100644
--- a/core/transaction_pool.go
+++ b/core/transaction_pool.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -29,7 +45,7 @@ var (
 )
 
 const (
-	maxQueued = 200 // max limit of queued txs per address
+	maxQueued = 64 // max limit of queued txs per address
 )
 
 type stateFn func() *state.StateDB
@@ -65,7 +81,7 @@ func NewTxPool(eventMux *event.TypeMux, currentStateFn stateFn, gasLimitFn func(
 		gasLimit:     gasLimitFn,
 		minGasPrice:  new(big.Int),
 		pendingState: state.ManageState(currentStateFn()),
-		events:       eventMux.Subscribe(ChainEvent{}, GasPriceChanged{}),
+		events:       eventMux.Subscribe(ChainHeadEvent{}, GasPriceChanged{}),
 	}
 	go pool.eventLoop()
 
@@ -80,7 +96,7 @@ func (pool *TxPool) eventLoop() {
 		pool.mu.Lock()
 
 		switch ev := ev.(type) {
-		case ChainEvent:
+		case ChainHeadEvent:
 			pool.resetState()
 		case GasPriceChanged:
 			pool.minGasPrice = ev.Price
@@ -129,6 +145,17 @@ func (pool *TxPool) State() *state.ManagedState {
 	return pool.pendingState
 }
 
+func (pool *TxPool) Stats() (pending int, queued int) {
+	pool.mu.RLock()
+	defer pool.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	pending = len(pool.pending)
+	for _, txs := range pool.queue {
+		queued += len(txs)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
 // validateTx checks whether a transaction is valid according
 // to the consensus rules.
 func (pool *TxPool) validateTx(tx *types.Transaction) error {
@@ -214,9 +241,6 @@ func (self *TxPool) add(tx *types.Transaction) error {
 		glog.Infof("(t) %x => %s (%v) %x\n", from, toname, tx.Value, hash)
 	}
 
-	// check and validate the queueue
-	self.checkQueue()
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -245,11 +269,17 @@ func (pool *TxPool) addTx(hash common.Hash, addr common.Address, tx *types.Trans
 }
 
 // Add queues a single transaction in the pool if it is valid.
-func (self *TxPool) Add(tx *types.Transaction) error {
+func (self *TxPool) Add(tx *types.Transaction) (err error) {
 	self.mu.Lock()
 	defer self.mu.Unlock()
 
-	return self.add(tx)
+	err = self.add(tx)
+	if err == nil {
+		// check and validate the queueue
+		self.checkQueue()
+	}
+
+	return
 }
 
 // AddTransactions attempts to queue all valid transactions in txs.
@@ -265,6 +295,9 @@ func (self *TxPool) AddTransactions(txs []*types.Transaction) {
 			glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("tx %x\n", h[:4])
 		}
 	}
+
+	// check and validate the queueue
+	self.checkQueue()
 }
 
 // GetTransaction returns a transaction if it is contained in the pool
@@ -327,6 +360,23 @@ func (self *TxPool) RemoveTransactions(txs types.Transactions) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (pool *TxPool) removeTx(hash common.Hash) {
+	// delete from pending pool
+	delete(pool.pending, hash)
+	// delete from queue
+	for address, txs := range pool.queue {
+		if _, ok := txs[hash]; ok {
+			if len(txs) == 1 {
+				// if only one tx, remove entire address entry.
+				delete(pool.queue, address)
+			} else {
+				delete(txs, hash)
+			}
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // checkQueue moves transactions that have become processable to main pool.
 func (pool *TxPool) checkQueue() {
 	state := pool.pendingState
@@ -354,13 +404,19 @@ func (pool *TxPool) checkQueue() {
 		for i, e := range addq {
 			// start deleting the transactions from the queue if they exceed the limit
 			if i > maxQueued {
-				if glog.V(logger.Debug) {
-					glog.Infof("Queued tx limit exceeded for %s. Tx %s removed\n", common.PP(address[:]), common.PP(e.hash[:]))
-				}
 				delete(pool.queue[address], e.hash)
 				continue
 			}
+
 			if e.Nonce() > guessedNonce {
+				if len(addq)-i > maxQueued {
+					if glog.V(logger.Debug) {
+						glog.Infof("Queued tx limit exceeded for %s. Tx %s removed\n", common.PP(address[:]), common.PP(e.hash[:]))
+					}
+					for j := i + maxQueued; j < len(addq); j++ {
+						delete(txs, addq[j].hash)
+					}
+				}
 				break
 			}
 			delete(txs, e.hash)
@@ -373,23 +429,6 @@ func (pool *TxPool) checkQueue() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (pool *TxPool) removeTx(hash common.Hash) {
-	// delete from pending pool
-	delete(pool.pending, hash)
-	// delete from queue
-	for address, txs := range pool.queue {
-		if _, ok := txs[hash]; ok {
-			if len(txs) == 1 {
-				// if only one tx, remove entire address entry.
-				delete(pool.queue, address)
-			} else {
-				delete(txs, hash)
-			}
-			break
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 // validatePool removes invalid and processed transactions from the main pool.
 func (pool *TxPool) validatePool() {
 	state := pool.currentState()
diff --git a/core/transaction_pool_test.go b/core/transaction_pool_test.go
index ff8b9c730..fdd0a7872 100644
--- a/core/transaction_pool_test.go
+++ b/core/transaction_pool_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -181,6 +197,8 @@ func TestTransactionDoubleNonce(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := pool.add(tx2); err != nil {
 		t.Error("didn't expect error", err)
 	}
+
+	pool.checkQueue()
 	if len(pool.pending) != 2 {
 		t.Error("expected 2 pending txs. Got", len(pool.pending))
 	}
diff --git a/core/transaction_util.go b/core/transaction_util.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0efeddfde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/transaction_util.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package core
+
+import (
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+)
+
+var receiptsPre = []byte("receipts-")
+
+// PutTransactions stores the transactions in the given database
+func PutTransactions(db common.Database, block *types.Block, txs types.Transactions) {
+	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
+		rlpEnc, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(tx)
+		if err != nil {
+			glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln("Failed encoding tx", err)
+			return
+		}
+		db.Put(tx.Hash().Bytes(), rlpEnc)
+
+		var txExtra struct {
+			BlockHash  common.Hash
+			BlockIndex uint64
+			Index      uint64
+		}
+		txExtra.BlockHash = block.Hash()
+		txExtra.BlockIndex = block.NumberU64()
+		txExtra.Index = uint64(i)
+		rlpMeta, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(txExtra)
+		if err != nil {
+			glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln("Failed encoding tx meta data", err)
+			return
+		}
+		db.Put(append(tx.Hash().Bytes(), 0x0001), rlpMeta)
+	}
+}
+
+// PutReceipts stores the receipts in the current database
+func PutReceipts(db common.Database, receipts types.Receipts) error {
+	for _, receipt := range receipts {
+		storageReceipt := (*types.ReceiptForStorage)(receipt)
+		bytes, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(storageReceipt)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		err = db.Put(append(receiptsPre, receipt.TxHash[:]...), bytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetReceipt returns a receipt by hash
+func GetReceipt(db common.Database, txHash common.Hash) *types.Receipt {
+	data, _ := db.Get(append(receiptsPre, txHash[:]...))
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var receipt types.Receipt
+	err := rlp.DecodeBytes(data, &receipt)
+	if err != nil {
+		glog.V(logger.Core).Infoln("GetReceipt err:", err)
+	}
+	return &receipt
+}
+
+// GetReceiptFromBlock returns all receipts with the given block
+func GetReceiptsFromBlock(db common.Database, block *types.Block) types.Receipts {
+	// at some point we want:
+	//receipts := make(types.Receipts, len(block.Transactions()))
+	// but since we need to support legacy, we can't (yet)
+	var receipts types.Receipts
+	for _, tx := range block.Transactions() {
+		if receipt := GetReceipt(db, tx.Hash()); receipt != nil {
+			receipts = append(receipts, receipt)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return receipts
+}
diff --git a/core/types/block.go b/core/types/block.go
index b7eb700ca..562fa64b9 100644
--- a/core/types/block.go
+++ b/core/types/block.go
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Package types contains data types related to Ethereum consensus.
 package types
 
 import (
@@ -290,7 +307,7 @@ func (b *Block) MixDigest() common.Hash   { return b.header.MixDigest }
 func (b *Block) Nonce() uint64            { return binary.BigEndian.Uint64(b.header.Nonce[:]) }
 func (b *Block) Bloom() Bloom             { return b.header.Bloom }
 func (b *Block) Coinbase() common.Address { return b.header.Coinbase }
-func (b *Block) Time() int64              { return int64(b.header.Time) }
+func (b *Block) Time() uint64             { return b.header.Time }
 func (b *Block) Root() common.Hash        { return b.header.Root }
 func (b *Block) ParentHash() common.Hash  { return b.header.ParentHash }
 func (b *Block) TxHash() common.Hash      { return b.header.TxHash }
diff --git a/core/types/block_test.go b/core/types/block_test.go
index 03e6881be..2c1b18b5d 100644
--- a/core/types/block_test.go
+++ b/core/types/block_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package types
 
 import (
@@ -31,7 +47,7 @@ func TestBlockEncoding(t *testing.T) {
 	check("Root", block.Root(), common.HexToHash("ef1552a40b7165c3cd773806b9e0c165b75356e0314bf0706f279c729f51e017"))
 	check("Hash", block.Hash(), common.HexToHash("0a5843ac1cb04865017cb35a57b50b07084e5fcee39b5acadade33149f4fff9e"))
 	check("Nonce", block.Nonce(), uint64(0xa13a5a8c8f2bb1c4))
-	check("Time", block.Time(), int64(1426516743))
+	check("Time", block.Time(), uint64(1426516743))
 	check("Size", block.Size(), common.StorageSize(len(blockEnc)))
 
 	tx1 := NewTransaction(0, common.HexToAddress("095e7baea6a6c7c4c2dfeb977efac326af552d87"), big.NewInt(10), big.NewInt(50000), big.NewInt(10), nil)
diff --git a/core/types/bloom9.go b/core/types/bloom9.go
index aa76a2e9d..565c831ee 100644
--- a/core/types/bloom9.go
+++ b/core/types/bloom9.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package types
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/types/bloom9_test.go b/core/types/bloom9_test.go
index 3c95772ec..a3cc1922a 100644
--- a/core/types/bloom9_test.go
+++ b/core/types/bloom9_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package types
 
 /*
diff --git a/core/types/common.go b/core/types/common.go
index dbdaaba0c..4a8a7b5c4 100644
--- a/core/types/common.go
+++ b/core/types/common.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package types
 
 import (
@@ -10,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type BlockProcessor interface {
-	Process(*Block) (state.Logs, error)
+	Process(*Block) (state.Logs, Receipts, error)
 }
 
 const bloomLength = 256
diff --git a/core/types/derive_sha.go b/core/types/derive_sha.go
index f25e5937e..c446a5f27 100644
--- a/core/types/derive_sha.go
+++ b/core/types/derive_sha.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package types
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/types/receipt.go b/core/types/receipt.go
index 6b4024ada..7c44e6307 100644
--- a/core/types/receipt.go
+++ b/core/types/receipt.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package types
 
 import (
@@ -15,7 +31,10 @@ type Receipt struct {
 	PostState         []byte
 	CumulativeGasUsed *big.Int
 	Bloom             Bloom
+	TxHash            common.Hash
+	ContractAddress   common.Address
 	logs              state.Logs
+	GasUsed           *big.Int
 }
 
 func NewReceipt(root []byte, cumalativeGasUsed *big.Int) *Receipt {
@@ -39,12 +58,15 @@ func (self *Receipt) DecodeRLP(s *rlp.Stream) error {
 		PostState         []byte
 		CumulativeGasUsed *big.Int
 		Bloom             Bloom
+		TxHash            common.Hash
+		ContractAddress   common.Address
 		Logs              state.Logs
+		GasUsed           *big.Int
 	}
 	if err := s.Decode(&r); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	self.PostState, self.CumulativeGasUsed, self.Bloom, self.logs = r.PostState, r.CumulativeGasUsed, r.Bloom, r.Logs
+	self.PostState, self.CumulativeGasUsed, self.Bloom, self.TxHash, self.ContractAddress, self.logs, self.GasUsed = r.PostState, r.CumulativeGasUsed, r.Bloom, r.TxHash, r.ContractAddress, r.Logs, r.GasUsed
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -56,7 +78,7 @@ func (self *ReceiptForStorage) EncodeRLP(w io.Writer) error {
 	for i, log := range self.logs {
 		storageLogs[i] = (*state.LogForStorage)(log)
 	}
-	return rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{self.PostState, self.CumulativeGasUsed, self.Bloom, storageLogs})
+	return rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{self.PostState, self.CumulativeGasUsed, self.Bloom, self.TxHash, self.ContractAddress, storageLogs, self.GasUsed})
 }
 
 func (self *Receipt) RlpEncode() []byte {
diff --git a/core/types/transaction.go b/core/types/transaction.go
index 95deac36e..09fde8ebe 100644
--- a/core/types/transaction.go
+++ b/core/types/transaction.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package types
 
 import (
@@ -15,6 +31,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 )
 
+var ErrInvalidSig = errors.New("invalid v, r, s values")
+
 func IsContractAddr(addr []byte) bool {
 	return len(addr) == 0
 }
@@ -116,11 +134,21 @@ func (tx *Transaction) To() *common.Address {
 	}
 }
 
+// Hash hashes the RLP encoding of tx.
+// It uniquely identifies the transaction.
 func (tx *Transaction) Hash() common.Hash {
 	if hash := tx.hash.Load(); hash != nil {
 		return hash.(common.Hash)
 	}
-	v := rlpHash([]interface{}{
+	v := rlpHash(tx)
+	tx.hash.Store(v)
+	return v
+}
+
+// SigHash returns the hash to be signed by the sender.
+// It does not uniquely identify the transaction.
+func (tx *Transaction) SigHash() common.Hash {
+	return rlpHash([]interface{}{
 		tx.data.AccountNonce,
 		tx.data.Price,
 		tx.data.GasLimit,
@@ -128,8 +156,6 @@ func (tx *Transaction) Hash() common.Hash {
 		tx.data.Amount,
 		tx.data.Payload,
 	})
-	tx.hash.Store(v)
-	return v
 }
 
 func (tx *Transaction) Size() common.StorageSize {
@@ -169,7 +195,7 @@ func (tx *Transaction) SignatureValues() (v byte, r *big.Int, s *big.Int) {
 
 func (tx *Transaction) publicKey() ([]byte, error) {
 	if !crypto.ValidateSignatureValues(tx.data.V, tx.data.R, tx.data.S) {
-		return nil, errors.New("invalid v, r, s values")
+		return nil, ErrInvalidSig
 	}
 
 	// encode the signature in uncompressed format
@@ -180,7 +206,7 @@ func (tx *Transaction) publicKey() ([]byte, error) {
 	sig[64] = tx.data.V - 27
 
 	// recover the public key from the signature
-	hash := tx.Hash()
+	hash := tx.SigHash()
 	pub, err := crypto.Ecrecover(hash[:], sig)
 	if err != nil {
 		glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("Could not get pubkey from signature: ", err)
@@ -204,7 +230,7 @@ func (tx *Transaction) WithSignature(sig []byte) (*Transaction, error) {
 }
 
 func (tx *Transaction) SignECDSA(prv *ecdsa.PrivateKey) (*Transaction, error) {
-	h := tx.Hash()
+	h := tx.SigHash()
 	sig, err := crypto.Sign(h[:], prv)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
diff --git a/core/types/transaction_test.go b/core/types/transaction_test.go
index dd9c5e87b..77717ce28 100644
--- a/core/types/transaction_test.go
+++ b/core/types/transaction_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package types
 
 import (
@@ -34,11 +50,11 @@ var (
 	)
 )
 
-func TestTransactionHash(t *testing.T) {
-	if emptyTx.Hash() != common.HexToHash("c775b99e7ad12f50d819fcd602390467e28141316969f4b57f0626f74fe3b386") {
+func TestTransactionSigHash(t *testing.T) {
+	if emptyTx.SigHash() != common.HexToHash("c775b99e7ad12f50d819fcd602390467e28141316969f4b57f0626f74fe3b386") {
 		t.Errorf("empty transaction hash mismatch, got %x", emptyTx.Hash())
 	}
-	if rightvrsTx.Hash() != common.HexToHash("fe7a79529ed5f7c3375d06b26b186a8644e0e16c373d7a12be41c62d6042b77a") {
+	if rightvrsTx.SigHash() != common.HexToHash("fe7a79529ed5f7c3375d06b26b186a8644e0e16c373d7a12be41c62d6042b77a") {
 		t.Errorf("RightVRS transaction hash mismatch, got %x", rightvrsTx.Hash())
 	}
 }
diff --git a/core/vm/analysis.go b/core/vm/analysis.go
index a7aa8da39..ba0a02e0a 100644
--- a/core/vm/analysis.go
+++ b/core/vm/analysis.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/vm/asm.go b/core/vm/asm.go
index 83fcb0e08..c5c6ef269 100644
--- a/core/vm/asm.go
+++ b/core/vm/asm.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/vm/common.go b/core/vm/common.go
index 7b8b7dc4d..c40712bfe 100644
--- a/core/vm/common.go
+++ b/core/vm/common.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/vm/context.go b/core/vm/context.go
index e33324b53..05bcee86c 100644
--- a/core/vm/context.go
+++ b/core/vm/context.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/vm/contracts.go b/core/vm/contracts.go
index 90e356b1d..f32df3d41 100644
--- a/core/vm/contracts.go
+++ b/core/vm/contracts.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/vm/disasm.go b/core/vm/disasm.go
index 858ee684a..bb07b5816 100644
--- a/core/vm/disasm.go
+++ b/core/vm/disasm.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 import "fmt"
diff --git a/core/vm/environment.go b/core/vm/environment.go
index c103049a2..2368b5170 100644
--- a/core/vm/environment.go
+++ b/core/vm/environment.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 import (
@@ -17,7 +33,7 @@ type Environment interface {
 	BlockNumber() *big.Int
 	GetHash(n uint64) common.Hash
 	Coinbase() common.Address
-	Time() int64
+	Time() uint64
 	Difficulty() *big.Int
 	GasLimit() *big.Int
 	Transfer(from, to Account, amount *big.Int) error
diff --git a/core/vm/errors.go b/core/vm/errors.go
index 799eb6797..d0c332068 100644
--- a/core/vm/errors.go
+++ b/core/vm/errors.go
@@ -1,21 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 )
 
-type OutOfGasError struct{}
-
-func (self OutOfGasError) Error() string {
-	return "Out Of Gas"
-}
-
-func IsOOGErr(err error) bool {
-	_, ok := err.(OutOfGasError)
-	return ok
-}
+var OutOfGasError = errors.New("Out of gas")
+var DepthError = fmt.Errorf("Max call depth exceeded (%d)", params.CallCreateDepth)
 
 type StackError struct {
 	req, has int
@@ -29,18 +38,7 @@ func (self StackError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("stack error! require %v, have %v", self.req, self.has)
 }
 
-func IsStack(err error) bool {
+func IsStackErr(err error) bool {
 	_, ok := err.(StackError)
 	return ok
 }
-
-type DepthError struct{}
-
-func (self DepthError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("Max call depth exceeded (%d)", params.CallCreateDepth)
-}
-
-func IsDepthErr(err error) bool {
-	_, ok := err.(DepthError)
-	return ok
-}
diff --git a/core/vm/gas.go b/core/vm/gas.go
index 32f5fec04..1710ef0c9 100644
--- a/core/vm/gas.go
+++ b/core/vm/gas.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/vm/logger.go b/core/vm/logger.go
index 0e2a417ae..a99b268b4 100644
--- a/core/vm/logger.go
+++ b/core/vm/logger.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/vm/memory.go b/core/vm/memory.go
index ea2ee80fb..413507ae5 100644
--- a/core/vm/memory.go
+++ b/core/vm/memory.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 import "fmt"
diff --git a/core/vm/opcodes.go b/core/vm/opcodes.go
index 1ea80a212..5c74220a5 100644
--- a/core/vm/opcodes.go
+++ b/core/vm/opcodes.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/vm/stack.go b/core/vm/stack.go
index 2be5c3dbe..31541f38f 100644
--- a/core/vm/stack.go
+++ b/core/vm/stack.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 import (
diff --git a/core/vm/virtual_machine.go b/core/vm/virtual_machine.go
index 1fd1dcd88..44d3d5d7e 100644
--- a/core/vm/virtual_machine.go
+++ b/core/vm/virtual_machine.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package vm
 
 type VirtualMachine interface {
diff --git a/core/vm/vm.go b/core/vm/vm.go
index 9e092300d..9b3fd0009 100644
--- a/core/vm/vm.go
+++ b/core/vm/vm.go
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Package vm implements the Ethereum Virtual Machine.
 package vm
 
 import (
@@ -116,7 +133,7 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(context *Context, input []byte) (ret []byte, err error) {
 
 			context.UseGas(context.Gas)
 
-			return context.Return(nil), OutOfGasError{}
+			return context.Return(nil), OutOfGasError
 		}
 		// Resize the memory calculated previously
 		mem.Resize(newMemSize.Uint64())
@@ -444,7 +461,7 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(context *Context, input []byte) (ret []byte, err error) {
 		case TIMESTAMP:
 			time := self.env.Time()
 
-			stack.push(big.NewInt(time))
+			stack.push(new(big.Int).SetUint64(time))
 
 		case NUMBER:
 			number := self.env.BlockNumber()
@@ -789,7 +806,7 @@ func (self *Vm) RunPrecompiled(p *PrecompiledAccount, input []byte, context *Con
 
 		return context.Return(ret), nil
 	} else {
-		return nil, OutOfGasError{}
+		return nil, OutOfGasError
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/core/vm/vm_jit.go b/core/vm/vm_jit.go
index 991ade318..34f45b5f4 100644
--- a/core/vm/vm_jit.go
+++ b/core/vm/vm_jit.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 // +build evmjit
 
 package vm
@@ -18,10 +34,12 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"math/big"
 	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 )
 
 type JitVm struct {
diff --git a/core/vm/vm_jit_fake.go b/core/vm/vm_jit_fake.go
index d6b5be45b..66a6d833d 100644
--- a/core/vm/vm_jit_fake.go
+++ b/core/vm/vm_jit_fake.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 // +build !evmjit
 
 package vm
diff --git a/core/vm_env.go b/core/vm_env.go
index 6dd83acde..8a39af196 100644
--- a/core/vm_env.go
+++ b/core/vm_env.go
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 package core
 
 import (
@@ -33,7 +49,7 @@ func NewEnv(state *state.StateDB, chain *ChainManager, msg Message, header *type
 func (self *VMEnv) Origin() common.Address   { f, _ := self.msg.From(); return f }
 func (self *VMEnv) BlockNumber() *big.Int    { return self.header.Number }
 func (self *VMEnv) Coinbase() common.Address { return self.header.Coinbase }
-func (self *VMEnv) Time() int64              { return int64(self.header.Time) }
+func (self *VMEnv) Time() uint64             { return self.header.Time }
 func (self *VMEnv) Difficulty() *big.Int     { return self.header.Difficulty }
 func (self *VMEnv) GasLimit() *big.Int       { return self.header.GasLimit }
 func (self *VMEnv) Value() *big.Int          { return self.msg.Value() }