core/vm: support for multiple interpreters (#17093)

- Define an Interpreter interface
- One contract can call contracts from other interpreter types.
- Pass the interpreter to the operands instead of the evm.
  This is meant to prevent type assertions in operands.

6 files changed, 315 insertions, 240 deletions

diff --git a/core/vm/errors.go b/core/vm/errors.go
index ea33f13f3..7f88f324e 100644
--- a/core/vm/errors.go
+++ b/core/vm/errors.go
@@ -26,4 +26,5 @@ var (
 	ErrTraceLimitReached        = errors.New("the number of logs reached the specified limit")
 	ErrInsufficientBalance      = errors.New("insufficient balance for transfer")
 	ErrContractAddressCollision = errors.New("contract address collision")
+	ErrNoCompatibleInterpreter  = errors.New("no compatible interpreter")
 )
diff --git a/core/vm/evm.go b/core/vm/evm.go
index 0189351e7..c29bb8886 100644
--- a/core/vm/evm.go
+++ b/core/vm/evm.go
@@ -51,7 +51,20 @@ func run(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, input []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 			return RunPrecompiledContract(p, input, contract)
 		}
 	}
-	return evm.interpreter.Run(contract, input)
+	for _, interpreter := range evm.interpreters {
+		if interpreter.CanRun(contract.Code) {
+			if evm.interpreter != interpreter {
+				// Ensure that the interpreter pointer is set back
+				// to its current value upon return.
+				defer func(i Interpreter) {
+					evm.interpreter = i
+				}(evm.interpreter)
+				evm.interpreter = interpreter
+			}
+			return interpreter.Run(contract, input)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, ErrNoCompatibleInterpreter
 }
 
 // Context provides the EVM with auxiliary information. Once provided
@@ -103,7 +116,8 @@ type EVM struct {
 	vmConfig Config
 	// global (to this context) ethereum virtual machine
 	// used throughout the execution of the tx.
-	interpreter *Interpreter
+	interpreters []Interpreter
+	interpreter  Interpreter
 	// abort is used to abort the EVM calling operations
 	// NOTE: must be set atomically
 	abort int32
@@ -117,14 +131,17 @@ type EVM struct {
 // only ever be used *once*.
 func NewEVM(ctx Context, statedb StateDB, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, vmConfig Config) *EVM {
 	evm := &EVM{
-		Context:     ctx,
-		StateDB:     statedb,
-		vmConfig:    vmConfig,
-		chainConfig: chainConfig,
-		chainRules:  chainConfig.Rules(ctx.BlockNumber),
+		Context:      ctx,
+		StateDB:      statedb,
+		vmConfig:     vmConfig,
+		chainConfig:  chainConfig,
+		chainRules:   chainConfig.Rules(ctx.BlockNumber),
+		interpreters: make([]Interpreter, 1),
 	}
 
-	evm.interpreter = NewInterpreter(evm, vmConfig)
+	evm.interpreters[0] = NewEVMInterpreter(evm, vmConfig)
+	evm.interpreter = evm.interpreters[0]
+
 	return evm
 }
 
@@ -134,6 +151,11 @@ func (evm *EVM) Cancel() {
 	atomic.StoreInt32(&evm.abort, 1)
 }
 
+// Interpreter returns the current interpreter
+func (evm *EVM) Interpreter() Interpreter {
+	return evm.interpreter
+}
+
 // Call executes the contract associated with the addr with the given input as
 // parameters. It also handles any necessary value transfer required and takes
 // the necessary steps to create accounts and reverses the state in case of an
@@ -291,9 +313,9 @@ func (evm *EVM) StaticCall(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte
 	// Make sure the readonly is only set if we aren't in readonly yet
 	// this makes also sure that the readonly flag isn't removed for
 	// child calls.
-	if !evm.interpreter.readOnly {
-		evm.interpreter.readOnly = true
-		defer func() { evm.interpreter.readOnly = false }()
+	if !evm.interpreter.IsReadOnly() {
+		evm.interpreter.SetReadOnly(true)
+		defer func() { evm.interpreter.SetReadOnly(false) }()
 	}
 
 	var (
@@ -414,6 +436,3 @@ func (evm *EVM) Create2(caller ContractRef, code []byte, gas uint64, endowment *
 
 // ChainConfig returns the environment's chain configuration
 func (evm *EVM) ChainConfig() *params.ChainConfig { return evm.chainConfig }
-
-// Interpreter returns the EVM interpreter
-func (evm *EVM) Interpreter() *Interpreter { return evm.interpreter }
diff --git a/core/vm/instructions.go b/core/vm/instructions.go
index 122fc21e4..b7742e655 100644
--- a/core/vm/instructions.go
+++ b/core/vm/instructions.go
@@ -37,45 +37,45 @@ var (
 	errMaxCodeSizeExceeded   = errors.New("evm: max code size exceeded")
 )
 
-func opAdd(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opAdd(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.peek()
 	math.U256(y.Add(x, y))
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(x)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(x)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opSub(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opSub(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.peek()
 	math.U256(y.Sub(x, y))
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(x)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(x)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opMul(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opMul(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	stack.push(math.U256(x.Mul(x, y)))
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(y)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(y)
 
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opDiv(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opDiv(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.peek()
 	if y.Sign() != 0 {
 		math.U256(y.Div(x, y))
 	} else {
 		y.SetUint64(0)
 	}
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(x)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(x)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opSdiv(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opSdiv(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := math.S256(stack.pop()), math.S256(stack.pop())
-	res := evm.interpreter.intPool.getZero()
+	res := interpreter.intPool.getZero()
 
 	if y.Sign() == 0 || x.Sign() == 0 {
 		stack.push(res)
@@ -88,24 +88,24 @@ func opSdiv(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Sta
 		}
 		stack.push(math.U256(res))
 	}
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(x, y)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(x, y)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opMod(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opMod(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	if y.Sign() == 0 {
 		stack.push(x.SetUint64(0))
 	} else {
 		stack.push(math.U256(x.Mod(x, y)))
 	}
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(y)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(y)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opSmod(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opSmod(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := math.S256(stack.pop()), math.S256(stack.pop())
-	res := evm.interpreter.intPool.getZero()
+	res := interpreter.intPool.getZero()
 
 	if y.Sign() == 0 {
 		stack.push(res)
@@ -118,20 +118,20 @@ func opSmod(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Sta
 		}
 		stack.push(math.U256(res))
 	}
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(x, y)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(x, y)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opExp(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opExp(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	base, exponent := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	stack.push(math.Exp(base, exponent))
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(base, exponent)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(base, exponent)
 
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opSignExtend(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opSignExtend(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	back := stack.pop()
 	if back.Cmp(big.NewInt(31)) < 0 {
 		bit := uint(back.Uint64()*8 + 7)
@@ -147,39 +147,39 @@ func opSignExtend(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stac
 		stack.push(math.U256(num))
 	}
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(back)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(back)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opNot(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opNot(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x := stack.peek()
 	math.U256(x.Not(x))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opLt(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opLt(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.peek()
 	if x.Cmp(y) < 0 {
 		y.SetUint64(1)
 	} else {
 		y.SetUint64(0)
 	}
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(x)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(x)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opGt(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opGt(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.peek()
 	if x.Cmp(y) > 0 {
 		y.SetUint64(1)
 	} else {
 		y.SetUint64(0)
 	}
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(x)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(x)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opSlt(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opSlt(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.peek()
 
 	xSign := x.Cmp(tt255)
@@ -199,11 +199,11 @@ func opSlt(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stac
 			y.SetUint64(0)
 		}
 	}
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(x)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(x)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opSgt(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opSgt(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.peek()
 
 	xSign := x.Cmp(tt255)
@@ -223,22 +223,22 @@ func opSgt(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stac
 			y.SetUint64(0)
 		}
 	}
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(x)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(x)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opEq(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opEq(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.peek()
 	if x.Cmp(y) == 0 {
 		y.SetUint64(1)
 	} else {
 		y.SetUint64(0)
 	}
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(x)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(x)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opIszero(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opIszero(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x := stack.peek()
 	if x.Sign() > 0 {
 		x.SetUint64(0)
@@ -248,31 +248,31 @@ func opIszero(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *S
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opAnd(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opAnd(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	stack.push(x.And(x, y))
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(y)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(y)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opOr(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opOr(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.peek()
 	y.Or(x, y)
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(x)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(x)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opXor(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opXor(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.peek()
 	y.Xor(x, y)
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(x)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(x)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opByte(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opByte(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	th, val := stack.pop(), stack.peek()
 	if th.Cmp(common.Big32) < 0 {
 		b := math.Byte(val, 32, int(th.Int64()))
@@ -280,11 +280,11 @@ func opByte(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Sta
 	} else {
 		val.SetUint64(0)
 	}
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(th)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(th)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opAddmod(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opAddmod(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y, z := stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	if z.Cmp(bigZero) > 0 {
 		x.Add(x, y)
@@ -293,11 +293,11 @@ func opAddmod(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *S
 	} else {
 		stack.push(x.SetUint64(0))
 	}
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(y, z)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(y, z)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opMulmod(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opMulmod(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	x, y, z := stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	if z.Cmp(bigZero) > 0 {
 		x.Mul(x, y)
@@ -306,17 +306,17 @@ func opMulmod(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *S
 	} else {
 		stack.push(x.SetUint64(0))
 	}
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(y, z)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(y, z)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
 // opSHL implements Shift Left
 // The SHL instruction (shift left) pops 2 values from the stack, first arg1 and then arg2,
 // and pushes on the stack arg2 shifted to the left by arg1 number of bits.
-func opSHL(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opSHL(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	// Note, second operand is left in the stack; accumulate result into it, and no need to push it afterwards
 	shift, value := math.U256(stack.pop()), math.U256(stack.peek())
-	defer evm.interpreter.intPool.put(shift) // First operand back into the pool
+	defer interpreter.intPool.put(shift) // First operand back into the pool
 
 	if shift.Cmp(common.Big256) >= 0 {
 		value.SetUint64(0)
@@ -331,10 +331,10 @@ func opSHL(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stac
 // opSHR implements Logical Shift Right
 // The SHR instruction (logical shift right) pops 2 values from the stack, first arg1 and then arg2,
 // and pushes on the stack arg2 shifted to the right by arg1 number of bits with zero fill.
-func opSHR(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opSHR(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	// Note, second operand is left in the stack; accumulate result into it, and no need to push it afterwards
 	shift, value := math.U256(stack.pop()), math.U256(stack.peek())
-	defer evm.interpreter.intPool.put(shift) // First operand back into the pool
+	defer interpreter.intPool.put(shift) // First operand back into the pool
 
 	if shift.Cmp(common.Big256) >= 0 {
 		value.SetUint64(0)
@@ -349,10 +349,10 @@ func opSHR(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stac
 // opSAR implements Arithmetic Shift Right
 // The SAR instruction (arithmetic shift right) pops 2 values from the stack, first arg1 and then arg2,
 // and pushes on the stack arg2 shifted to the right by arg1 number of bits with sign extension.
-func opSAR(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opSAR(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	// Note, S256 returns (potentially) a new bigint, so we're popping, not peeking this one
 	shift, value := math.U256(stack.pop()), math.S256(stack.pop())
-	defer evm.interpreter.intPool.put(shift) // First operand back into the pool
+	defer interpreter.intPool.put(shift) // First operand back into the pool
 
 	if shift.Cmp(common.Big256) >= 0 {
 		if value.Sign() > 0 {
@@ -370,57 +370,58 @@ func opSAR(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stac
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opSha3(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opSha3(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	offset, size := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	data := memory.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64())
 	hash := crypto.Keccak256(data)
+	evm := interpreter.evm
 
 	if evm.vmConfig.EnablePreimageRecording {
 		evm.StateDB.AddPreimage(common.BytesToHash(hash), data)
 	}
-	stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetBytes(hash))
+	stack.push(interpreter.intPool.get().SetBytes(hash))
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(offset, size)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(offset, size)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opAddress(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opAddress(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	stack.push(contract.Address().Big())
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opBalance(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opBalance(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	slot := stack.peek()
-	slot.Set(evm.StateDB.GetBalance(common.BigToAddress(slot)))
+	slot.Set(interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetBalance(common.BigToAddress(slot)))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opOrigin(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(evm.Origin.Big())
+func opOrigin(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(interpreter.evm.Origin.Big())
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opCaller(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opCaller(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	stack.push(contract.Caller().Big())
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opCallValue(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().Set(contract.value))
+func opCallValue(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(interpreter.intPool.get().Set(contract.value))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opCallDataLoad(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetBytes(getDataBig(contract.Input, stack.pop(), big32)))
+func opCallDataLoad(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(interpreter.intPool.get().SetBytes(getDataBig(contract.Input, stack.pop(), big32)))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opCallDataSize(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetInt64(int64(len(contract.Input))))
+func opCallDataSize(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(interpreter.intPool.get().SetInt64(int64(len(contract.Input))))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opCallDataCopy(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opCallDataCopy(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	var (
 		memOffset  = stack.pop()
 		dataOffset = stack.pop()
@@ -428,48 +429,48 @@ func opCallDataCopy(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, st
 	)
 	memory.Set(memOffset.Uint64(), length.Uint64(), getDataBig(contract.Input, dataOffset, length))
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(memOffset, dataOffset, length)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(memOffset, dataOffset, length)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opReturnDataSize(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(uint64(len(evm.interpreter.returnData))))
+func opReturnDataSize(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(uint64(len(interpreter.returnData))))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opReturnDataCopy(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opReturnDataCopy(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	var (
 		memOffset  = stack.pop()
 		dataOffset = stack.pop()
 		length     = stack.pop()
 
-		end = evm.interpreter.intPool.get().Add(dataOffset, length)
+		end = interpreter.intPool.get().Add(dataOffset, length)
 	)
-	defer evm.interpreter.intPool.put(memOffset, dataOffset, length, end)
+	defer interpreter.intPool.put(memOffset, dataOffset, length, end)
 
-	if end.BitLen() > 64 || uint64(len(evm.interpreter.returnData)) < end.Uint64() {
+	if end.BitLen() > 64 || uint64(len(interpreter.returnData)) < end.Uint64() {
 		return nil, errReturnDataOutOfBounds
 	}
-	memory.Set(memOffset.Uint64(), length.Uint64(), evm.interpreter.returnData[dataOffset.Uint64():end.Uint64()])
+	memory.Set(memOffset.Uint64(), length.Uint64(), interpreter.returnData[dataOffset.Uint64():end.Uint64()])
 
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opExtCodeSize(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opExtCodeSize(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	slot := stack.peek()
-	slot.SetUint64(uint64(evm.StateDB.GetCodeSize(common.BigToAddress(slot))))
+	slot.SetUint64(uint64(interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetCodeSize(common.BigToAddress(slot))))
 
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opCodeSize(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	l := evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetInt64(int64(len(contract.Code)))
+func opCodeSize(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	l := interpreter.intPool.get().SetInt64(int64(len(contract.Code)))
 	stack.push(l)
 
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opCodeCopy(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opCodeCopy(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	var (
 		memOffset  = stack.pop()
 		codeOffset = stack.pop()
@@ -478,21 +479,21 @@ func opCodeCopy(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack
 	codeCopy := getDataBig(contract.Code, codeOffset, length)
 	memory.Set(memOffset.Uint64(), length.Uint64(), codeCopy)
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(memOffset, codeOffset, length)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(memOffset, codeOffset, length)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opExtCodeCopy(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opExtCodeCopy(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	var (
 		addr       = common.BigToAddress(stack.pop())
 		memOffset  = stack.pop()
 		codeOffset = stack.pop()
 		length     = stack.pop()
 	)
-	codeCopy := getDataBig(evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr), codeOffset, length)
+	codeCopy := getDataBig(interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr), codeOffset, length)
 	memory.Set(memOffset.Uint64(), length.Uint64(), codeCopy)
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(memOffset, codeOffset, length)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(memOffset, codeOffset, length)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
@@ -522,102 +523,102 @@ func opExtCodeCopy(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, sta
 //
 //   (6) Caller tries to get the code hash for an account which is marked as deleted,
 // this account should be regarded as a non-existent account and zero should be returned.
-func opExtCodeHash(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opExtCodeHash(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	slot := stack.peek()
-	slot.SetBytes(evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(common.BigToAddress(slot)).Bytes())
+	slot.SetBytes(interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(common.BigToAddress(slot)).Bytes())
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opGasprice(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().Set(evm.GasPrice))
+func opGasprice(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(interpreter.intPool.get().Set(interpreter.evm.GasPrice))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opBlockhash(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opBlockhash(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	num := stack.pop()
 
-	n := evm.interpreter.intPool.get().Sub(evm.BlockNumber, common.Big257)
-	if num.Cmp(n) > 0 && num.Cmp(evm.BlockNumber) < 0 {
-		stack.push(evm.GetHash(num.Uint64()).Big())
+	n := interpreter.intPool.get().Sub(interpreter.evm.BlockNumber, common.Big257)
+	if num.Cmp(n) > 0 && num.Cmp(interpreter.evm.BlockNumber) < 0 {
+		stack.push(interpreter.evm.GetHash(num.Uint64()).Big())
 	} else {
-		stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.getZero())
+		stack.push(interpreter.intPool.getZero())
 	}
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(num, n)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(num, n)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opCoinbase(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(evm.Coinbase.Big())
+func opCoinbase(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(interpreter.evm.Coinbase.Big())
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opTimestamp(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(math.U256(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().Set(evm.Time)))
+func opTimestamp(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(math.U256(interpreter.intPool.get().Set(interpreter.evm.Time)))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opNumber(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(math.U256(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().Set(evm.BlockNumber)))
+func opNumber(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(math.U256(interpreter.intPool.get().Set(interpreter.evm.BlockNumber)))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opDifficulty(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(math.U256(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().Set(evm.Difficulty)))
+func opDifficulty(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(math.U256(interpreter.intPool.get().Set(interpreter.evm.Difficulty)))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opGasLimit(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(math.U256(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(evm.GasLimit)))
+func opGasLimit(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(math.U256(interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(interpreter.evm.GasLimit)))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opPop(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(stack.pop())
+func opPop(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	interpreter.intPool.put(stack.pop())
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opMload(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opMload(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	offset := stack.pop()
-	val := evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetBytes(memory.Get(offset.Int64(), 32))
+	val := interpreter.intPool.get().SetBytes(memory.Get(offset.Int64(), 32))
 	stack.push(val)
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(offset)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(offset)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opMstore(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opMstore(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	// pop value of the stack
 	mStart, val := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	memory.Set32(mStart.Uint64(), val)
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(mStart, val)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(mStart, val)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opMstore8(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opMstore8(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	off, val := stack.pop().Int64(), stack.pop().Int64()
 	memory.store[off] = byte(val & 0xff)
 
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opSload(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opSload(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	loc := stack.peek()
-	val := evm.StateDB.GetState(contract.Address(), common.BigToHash(loc))
+	val := interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetState(contract.Address(), common.BigToHash(loc))
 	loc.SetBytes(val.Bytes())
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opSstore(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opSstore(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	loc := common.BigToHash(stack.pop())
 	val := stack.pop()
-	evm.StateDB.SetState(contract.Address(), loc, common.BigToHash(val))
+	interpreter.evm.StateDB.SetState(contract.Address(), loc, common.BigToHash(val))
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(val)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(val)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opJump(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opJump(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	pos := stack.pop()
 	if !contract.jumpdests.has(contract.CodeHash, contract.Code, pos) {
 		nop := contract.GetOp(pos.Uint64())
@@ -625,11 +626,11 @@ func opJump(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Sta
 	}
 	*pc = pos.Uint64()
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(pos)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(pos)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opJumpi(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opJumpi(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	pos, cond := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	if cond.Sign() != 0 {
 		if !contract.jumpdests.has(contract.CodeHash, contract.Code, pos) {
@@ -641,55 +642,55 @@ func opJumpi(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *St
 		*pc++
 	}
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(pos, cond)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(pos, cond)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opJumpdest(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opJumpdest(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opPc(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(*pc))
+func opPc(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(*pc))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opMsize(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetInt64(int64(memory.Len())))
+func opMsize(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(interpreter.intPool.get().SetInt64(int64(memory.Len())))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opGas(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(contract.Gas))
+func opGas(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	stack.push(interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(contract.Gas))
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opCreate(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opCreate(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	var (
 		value        = stack.pop()
 		offset, size = stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 		input        = memory.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64())
 		gas          = contract.Gas
 	)
-	if evm.ChainConfig().IsEIP150(evm.BlockNumber) {
+	if interpreter.evm.ChainConfig().IsEIP150(interpreter.evm.BlockNumber) {
 		gas -= gas / 64
 	}
 
 	contract.UseGas(gas)
-	res, addr, returnGas, suberr := evm.Create(contract, input, gas, value)
+	res, addr, returnGas, suberr := interpreter.evm.Create(contract, input, gas, value)
 	// Push item on the stack based on the returned error. If the ruleset is
 	// homestead we must check for CodeStoreOutOfGasError (homestead only
 	// rule) and treat as an error, if the ruleset is frontier we must
 	// ignore this error and pretend the operation was successful.
-	if evm.ChainConfig().IsHomestead(evm.BlockNumber) && suberr == ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas {
-		stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.getZero())
+	if interpreter.evm.ChainConfig().IsHomestead(interpreter.evm.BlockNumber) && suberr == ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas {
+		stack.push(interpreter.intPool.getZero())
 	} else if suberr != nil && suberr != ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas {
-		stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.getZero())
+		stack.push(interpreter.intPool.getZero())
 	} else {
 		stack.push(addr.Big())
 	}
 	contract.Gas += returnGas
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(value, offset, size)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(value, offset, size)
 
 	if suberr == errExecutionReverted {
 		return res, nil
@@ -697,7 +698,7 @@ func opCreate(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *S
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opCreate2(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opCreate2(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	var (
 		endowment    = stack.pop()
 		offset, size = stack.pop(), stack.pop()
@@ -709,15 +710,15 @@ func opCreate2(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *
 	// Apply EIP150
 	gas -= gas / 64
 	contract.UseGas(gas)
-	res, addr, returnGas, suberr := evm.Create2(contract, input, gas, endowment, salt)
+	res, addr, returnGas, suberr := interpreter.evm.Create2(contract, input, gas, endowment, salt)
 	// Push item on the stack based on the returned error.
 	if suberr != nil {
-		stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.getZero())
+		stack.push(interpreter.intPool.getZero())
 	} else {
 		stack.push(addr.Big())
 	}
 	contract.Gas += returnGas
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(endowment, offset, size, salt)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(endowment, offset, size, salt)
 
 	if suberr == errExecutionReverted {
 		return res, nil
@@ -725,10 +726,10 @@ func opCreate2(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opCall(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	// Pop gas. The actual gas in in evm.callGasTemp.
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(stack.pop())
-	gas := evm.callGasTemp
+func opCall(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	// Pop gas. The actual gas in in interpreter.evm.callGasTemp.
+	interpreter.intPool.put(stack.pop())
+	gas := interpreter.evm.callGasTemp
 	// Pop other call parameters.
 	addr, value, inOffset, inSize, retOffset, retSize := stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	toAddr := common.BigToAddress(addr)
@@ -739,25 +740,25 @@ func opCall(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Sta
 	if value.Sign() != 0 {
 		gas += params.CallStipend
 	}
-	ret, returnGas, err := evm.Call(contract, toAddr, args, gas, value)
+	ret, returnGas, err := interpreter.evm.Call(contract, toAddr, args, gas, value)
 	if err != nil {
-		stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.getZero())
+		stack.push(interpreter.intPool.getZero())
 	} else {
-		stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(1))
+		stack.push(interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(1))
 	}
 	if err == nil || err == errExecutionReverted {
 		memory.Set(retOffset.Uint64(), retSize.Uint64(), ret)
 	}
 	contract.Gas += returnGas
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(addr, value, inOffset, inSize, retOffset, retSize)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(addr, value, inOffset, inSize, retOffset, retSize)
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
-func opCallCode(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	// Pop gas. The actual gas is in evm.callGasTemp.
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(stack.pop())
-	gas := evm.callGasTemp
+func opCallCode(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	// Pop gas. The actual gas is in interpreter.evm.callGasTemp.
+	interpreter.intPool.put(stack.pop())
+	gas := interpreter.evm.callGasTemp
 	// Pop other call parameters.
 	addr, value, inOffset, inSize, retOffset, retSize := stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	toAddr := common.BigToAddress(addr)
@@ -768,96 +769,96 @@ func opCallCode(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack
 	if value.Sign() != 0 {
 		gas += params.CallStipend
 	}
-	ret, returnGas, err := evm.CallCode(contract, toAddr, args, gas, value)
+	ret, returnGas, err := interpreter.evm.CallCode(contract, toAddr, args, gas, value)
 	if err != nil {
-		stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.getZero())
+		stack.push(interpreter.intPool.getZero())
 	} else {
-		stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(1))
+		stack.push(interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(1))
 	}
 	if err == nil || err == errExecutionReverted {
 		memory.Set(retOffset.Uint64(), retSize.Uint64(), ret)
 	}
 	contract.Gas += returnGas
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(addr, value, inOffset, inSize, retOffset, retSize)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(addr, value, inOffset, inSize, retOffset, retSize)
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
-func opDelegateCall(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	// Pop gas. The actual gas is in evm.callGasTemp.
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(stack.pop())
-	gas := evm.callGasTemp
+func opDelegateCall(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	// Pop gas. The actual gas is in interpreter.evm.callGasTemp.
+	interpreter.intPool.put(stack.pop())
+	gas := interpreter.evm.callGasTemp
 	// Pop other call parameters.
 	addr, inOffset, inSize, retOffset, retSize := stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	toAddr := common.BigToAddress(addr)
 	// Get arguments from the memory.
 	args := memory.Get(inOffset.Int64(), inSize.Int64())
 
-	ret, returnGas, err := evm.DelegateCall(contract, toAddr, args, gas)
+	ret, returnGas, err := interpreter.evm.DelegateCall(contract, toAddr, args, gas)
 	if err != nil {
-		stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.getZero())
+		stack.push(interpreter.intPool.getZero())
 	} else {
-		stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(1))
+		stack.push(interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(1))
 	}
 	if err == nil || err == errExecutionReverted {
 		memory.Set(retOffset.Uint64(), retSize.Uint64(), ret)
 	}
 	contract.Gas += returnGas
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(addr, inOffset, inSize, retOffset, retSize)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(addr, inOffset, inSize, retOffset, retSize)
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
-func opStaticCall(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	// Pop gas. The actual gas is in evm.callGasTemp.
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(stack.pop())
-	gas := evm.callGasTemp
+func opStaticCall(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	// Pop gas. The actual gas is in interpreter.evm.callGasTemp.
+	interpreter.intPool.put(stack.pop())
+	gas := interpreter.evm.callGasTemp
 	// Pop other call parameters.
 	addr, inOffset, inSize, retOffset, retSize := stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	toAddr := common.BigToAddress(addr)
 	// Get arguments from the memory.
 	args := memory.Get(inOffset.Int64(), inSize.Int64())
 
-	ret, returnGas, err := evm.StaticCall(contract, toAddr, args, gas)
+	ret, returnGas, err := interpreter.evm.StaticCall(contract, toAddr, args, gas)
 	if err != nil {
-		stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.getZero())
+		stack.push(interpreter.intPool.getZero())
 	} else {
-		stack.push(evm.interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(1))
+		stack.push(interpreter.intPool.get().SetUint64(1))
 	}
 	if err == nil || err == errExecutionReverted {
 		memory.Set(retOffset.Uint64(), retSize.Uint64(), ret)
 	}
 	contract.Gas += returnGas
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(addr, inOffset, inSize, retOffset, retSize)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(addr, inOffset, inSize, retOffset, retSize)
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
-func opReturn(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opReturn(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	offset, size := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	ret := memory.GetPtr(offset.Int64(), size.Int64())
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(offset, size)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(offset, size)
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
-func opRevert(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opRevert(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	offset, size := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	ret := memory.GetPtr(offset.Int64(), size.Int64())
 
-	evm.interpreter.intPool.put(offset, size)
+	interpreter.intPool.put(offset, size)
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
-func opStop(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+func opStop(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func opSuicide(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-	balance := evm.StateDB.GetBalance(contract.Address())
-	evm.StateDB.AddBalance(common.BigToAddress(stack.pop()), balance)
+func opSuicide(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	balance := interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetBalance(contract.Address())
+	interpreter.evm.StateDB.AddBalance(common.BigToAddress(stack.pop()), balance)
 
-	evm.StateDB.Suicide(contract.Address())
+	interpreter.evm.StateDB.Suicide(contract.Address())
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
@@ -865,7 +866,7 @@ func opSuicide(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *
 
 // make log instruction function
 func makeLog(size int) executionFunc {
-	return func(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	return func(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 		topics := make([]common.Hash, size)
 		mStart, mSize := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 		for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
@@ -873,23 +874,23 @@ func makeLog(size int) executionFunc {
 		}
 
 		d := memory.Get(mStart.Int64(), mSize.Int64())
-		evm.StateDB.AddLog(&types.Log{
+		interpreter.evm.StateDB.AddLog(&types.Log{
 			Address: contract.Address(),
 			Topics:  topics,
 			Data:    d,
 			// This is a non-consensus field, but assigned here because
 			// core/state doesn't know the current block number.
-			BlockNumber: evm.BlockNumber.Uint64(),
+			BlockNumber: interpreter.evm.BlockNumber.Uint64(),
 		})
 
-		evm.interpreter.intPool.put(mStart, mSize)
+		interpreter.intPool.put(mStart, mSize)
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 }
 
 // make push instruction function
 func makePush(size uint64, pushByteSize int) executionFunc {
-	return func(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	return func(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 		codeLen := len(contract.Code)
 
 		startMin := codeLen
@@ -902,7 +903,7 @@ func makePush(size uint64, pushByteSize int) executionFunc {
 			endMin = startMin + pushByteSize
 		}
 
-		integer := evm.interpreter.intPool.get()
+		integer := interpreter.intPool.get()
 		stack.push(integer.SetBytes(common.RightPadBytes(contract.Code[startMin:endMin], pushByteSize)))
 
 		*pc += size
@@ -912,8 +913,8 @@ func makePush(size uint64, pushByteSize int) executionFunc {
 
 // make dup instruction function
 func makeDup(size int64) executionFunc {
-	return func(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
-		stack.dup(evm.interpreter.intPool, int(size))
+	return func(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+		stack.dup(interpreter.intPool, int(size))
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 }
@@ -922,7 +923,7 @@ func makeDup(size int64) executionFunc {
 func makeSwap(size int64) executionFunc {
 	// switch n + 1 otherwise n would be swapped with n
 	size++
-	return func(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
+	return func(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error) {
 		stack.swap(int(size))
 		return nil, nil
 	}
diff --git a/core/vm/instructions_test.go b/core/vm/instructions_test.go
index 1643da967..ec5de94ed 100644
--- a/core/vm/instructions_test.go
+++ b/core/vm/instructions_test.go
@@ -30,20 +30,23 @@ type twoOperandTest struct {
 	expected string
 }
 
-func testTwoOperandOp(t *testing.T, tests []twoOperandTest, opFn func(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error)) {
+func testTwoOperandOp(t *testing.T, tests []twoOperandTest, opFn func(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error)) {
 	var (
-		env   = NewEVM(Context{}, nil, params.TestChainConfig, Config{})
-		stack = newstack()
-		pc    = uint64(0)
+		env            = NewEVM(Context{}, nil, params.TestChainConfig, Config{})
+		stack          = newstack()
+		pc             = uint64(0)
+		evmInterpreter = NewEVMInterpreter(env, env.vmConfig)
 	)
-	env.interpreter.intPool = poolOfIntPools.get()
+
+	env.interpreter = evmInterpreter
+	evmInterpreter.intPool = poolOfIntPools.get()
 	for i, test := range tests {
 		x := new(big.Int).SetBytes(common.Hex2Bytes(test.x))
 		shift := new(big.Int).SetBytes(common.Hex2Bytes(test.y))
 		expected := new(big.Int).SetBytes(common.Hex2Bytes(test.expected))
 		stack.push(x)
 		stack.push(shift)
-		opFn(&pc, env, nil, nil, stack)
+		opFn(&pc, evmInterpreter, nil, nil, stack)
 		actual := stack.pop()
 		if actual.Cmp(expected) != 0 {
 			t.Errorf("Testcase %d, expected  %v, got %v", i, expected, actual)
@@ -51,13 +54,13 @@ func testTwoOperandOp(t *testing.T, tests []twoOperandTest, opFn func(pc *uint64
 		// Check pool usage
 		// 1.pool is not allowed to contain anything on the stack
 		// 2.pool is not allowed to contain the same pointers twice
-		if env.interpreter.intPool.pool.len() > 0 {
+		if evmInterpreter.intPool.pool.len() > 0 {
 
 			poolvals := make(map[*big.Int]struct{})
 			poolvals[actual] = struct{}{}
 
-			for env.interpreter.intPool.pool.len() > 0 {
-				key := env.interpreter.intPool.get()
+			for evmInterpreter.intPool.pool.len() > 0 {
+				key := evmInterpreter.intPool.get()
 				if _, exist := poolvals[key]; exist {
 					t.Errorf("Testcase %d, pool contains double-entry", i)
 				}
@@ -65,15 +68,18 @@ func testTwoOperandOp(t *testing.T, tests []twoOperandTest, opFn func(pc *uint64
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	poolOfIntPools.put(env.interpreter.intPool)
+	poolOfIntPools.put(evmInterpreter.intPool)
 }
 
 func TestByteOp(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
-		env   = NewEVM(Context{}, nil, params.TestChainConfig, Config{})
-		stack = newstack()
+		env            = NewEVM(Context{}, nil, params.TestChainConfig, Config{})
+		stack          = newstack()
+		evmInterpreter = NewEVMInterpreter(env, env.vmConfig)
 	)
-	env.interpreter.intPool = poolOfIntPools.get()
+
+	env.interpreter = evmInterpreter
+	evmInterpreter.intPool = poolOfIntPools.get()
 	tests := []struct {
 		v        string
 		th       uint64
@@ -94,13 +100,13 @@ func TestByteOp(t *testing.T) {
 		th := new(big.Int).SetUint64(test.th)
 		stack.push(val)
 		stack.push(th)
-		opByte(&pc, env, nil, nil, stack)
+		opByte(&pc, evmInterpreter, nil, nil, stack)
 		actual := stack.pop()
 		if actual.Cmp(test.expected) != 0 {
 			t.Fatalf("Expected  [%v] %v:th byte to be %v, was %v.", test.v, test.th, test.expected, actual)
 		}
 	}
-	poolOfIntPools.put(env.interpreter.intPool)
+	poolOfIntPools.put(evmInterpreter.intPool)
 }
 
 func TestSHL(t *testing.T) {
@@ -200,11 +206,14 @@ func TestSLT(t *testing.T) {
 	testTwoOperandOp(t, tests, opSlt)
 }
 
-func opBenchmark(bench *testing.B, op func(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error), args ...string) {
+func opBenchmark(bench *testing.B, op func(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error), args ...string) {
 	var (
-		env   = NewEVM(Context{}, nil, params.TestChainConfig, Config{})
-		stack = newstack()
+		env            = NewEVM(Context{}, nil, params.TestChainConfig, Config{})
+		stack          = newstack()
+		evmInterpreter = NewEVMInterpreter(env, env.vmConfig)
 	)
+
+	env.interpreter = evmInterpreter
 	// convert args
 	byteArgs := make([][]byte, len(args))
 	for i, arg := range args {
@@ -217,7 +226,7 @@ func opBenchmark(bench *testing.B, op func(pc *uint64, evm *EVM, contract *Contr
 			a := new(big.Int).SetBytes(arg)
 			stack.push(a)
 		}
-		op(&pc, env, nil, nil, stack)
+		op(&pc, evmInterpreter, nil, nil, stack)
 		stack.pop()
 	}
 }
@@ -432,33 +441,39 @@ func BenchmarkOpIsZero(b *testing.B) {
 
 func TestOpMstore(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
-		env   = NewEVM(Context{}, nil, params.TestChainConfig, Config{})
-		stack = newstack()
-		mem   = NewMemory()
+		env            = NewEVM(Context{}, nil, params.TestChainConfig, Config{})
+		stack          = newstack()
+		mem            = NewMemory()
+		evmInterpreter = NewEVMInterpreter(env, env.vmConfig)
 	)
-	env.interpreter.intPool = poolOfIntPools.get()
+
+	env.interpreter = evmInterpreter
+	evmInterpreter.intPool = poolOfIntPools.get()
 	mem.Resize(64)
 	pc := uint64(0)
 	v := "abcdef00000000000000abba000000000deaf000000c0de00100000000133700"
 	stack.pushN(new(big.Int).SetBytes(common.Hex2Bytes(v)), big.NewInt(0))
-	opMstore(&pc, env, nil, mem, stack)
+	opMstore(&pc, evmInterpreter, nil, mem, stack)
 	if got := common.Bytes2Hex(mem.Get(0, 32)); got != v {
 		t.Fatalf("Mstore fail, got %v, expected %v", got, v)
 	}
 	stack.pushN(big.NewInt(0x1), big.NewInt(0))
-	opMstore(&pc, env, nil, mem, stack)
+	opMstore(&pc, evmInterpreter, nil, mem, stack)
 	if common.Bytes2Hex(mem.Get(0, 32)) != "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001" {
 		t.Fatalf("Mstore failed to overwrite previous value")
 	}
-	poolOfIntPools.put(env.interpreter.intPool)
+	poolOfIntPools.put(evmInterpreter.intPool)
 }
 
 func BenchmarkOpMstore(bench *testing.B) {
 	var (
-		env   = NewEVM(Context{}, nil, params.TestChainConfig, Config{})
-		stack = newstack()
-		mem   = NewMemory()
+		env            = NewEVM(Context{}, nil, params.TestChainConfig, Config{})
+		stack          = newstack()
+		mem            = NewMemory()
+		evmInterpreter = NewEVMInterpreter(env, env.vmConfig)
 	)
+
+	env.interpreter = evmInterpreter
 	mem.Resize(64)
 	pc := uint64(0)
 	memStart := big.NewInt(0)
@@ -467,6 +482,6 @@ func BenchmarkOpMstore(bench *testing.B) {
 	bench.ResetTimer()
 	for i := 0; i < bench.N; i++ {
 		stack.pushN(value, memStart)
-		opMstore(&pc, env, nil, mem, stack)
+		opMstore(&pc, evmInterpreter, nil, mem, stack)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/core/vm/interpreter.go b/core/vm/interpreter.go
index 0d6038cbb..1e9202424 100644
--- a/core/vm/interpreter.go
+++ b/core/vm/interpreter.go
@@ -45,7 +45,30 @@ type Config struct {
 // passed environment to query external sources for state information.
 // The Interpreter will run the byte code VM based on the passed
 // configuration.
-type Interpreter struct {
+type Interpreter interface {
+	// Run loops and evaluates the contract's code with the given input data and returns
+	// the return byte-slice and an error if one occurred.
+	Run(contract *Contract, input []byte) ([]byte, error)
+	// CanRun tells if the contract, passed as an argument, can be
+	// run by the current interpreter. This is meant so that the
+	// caller can do something like:
+	//
+	// ```golang
+	// for _, interpreter := range interpreters {
+	//   if interpreter.CanRun(contract.code) {
+	//     interpreter.Run(contract.code, input)
+	//   }
+	// }
+	// ```
+	CanRun([]byte) bool
+	// IsReadOnly reports if the interpreter is in read only mode.
+	IsReadOnly() bool
+	// SetReadOnly sets (or unsets) read only mode in the interpreter.
+	SetReadOnly(bool)
+}
+
+// EVMInterpreter represents an EVM interpreter
+type EVMInterpreter struct {
 	evm      *EVM
 	cfg      Config
 	gasTable params.GasTable
@@ -55,8 +78,8 @@ type Interpreter struct {
 	returnData []byte // Last CALL's return data for subsequent reuse
 }
 
-// NewInterpreter returns a new instance of the Interpreter.
-func NewInterpreter(evm *EVM, cfg Config) *Interpreter {
+// NewEVMInterpreter returns a new instance of the Interpreter.
+func NewEVMInterpreter(evm *EVM, cfg Config) *EVMInterpreter {
 	// We use the STOP instruction whether to see
 	// the jump table was initialised. If it was not
 	// we'll set the default jump table.
@@ -73,14 +96,14 @@ func NewInterpreter(evm *EVM, cfg Config) *Interpreter {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return &Interpreter{
+	return &EVMInterpreter{
 		evm:      evm,
 		cfg:      cfg,
 		gasTable: evm.ChainConfig().GasTable(evm.BlockNumber),
 	}
 }
 
-func (in *Interpreter) enforceRestrictions(op OpCode, operation operation, stack *Stack) error {
+func (in *EVMInterpreter) enforceRestrictions(op OpCode, operation operation, stack *Stack) error {
 	if in.evm.chainRules.IsByzantium {
 		if in.readOnly {
 			// If the interpreter is operating in readonly mode, make sure no
@@ -102,7 +125,7 @@ func (in *Interpreter) enforceRestrictions(op OpCode, operation operation, stack
 // It's important to note that any errors returned by the interpreter should be
 // considered a revert-and-consume-all-gas operation except for
 // errExecutionReverted which means revert-and-keep-gas-left.
-func (in *Interpreter) Run(contract *Contract, input []byte) (ret []byte, err error) {
+func (in *EVMInterpreter) Run(contract *Contract, input []byte) (ret []byte, err error) {
 	if in.intPool == nil {
 		in.intPool = poolOfIntPools.get()
 		defer func() {
@@ -209,7 +232,7 @@ func (in *Interpreter) Run(contract *Contract, input []byte) (ret []byte, err er
 		}
 
 		// execute the operation
-		res, err := operation.execute(&pc, in.evm, contract, mem, stack)
+		res, err := operation.execute(&pc, in, contract, mem, stack)
 		// verifyPool is a build flag. Pool verification makes sure the integrity
 		// of the integer pool by comparing values to a default value.
 		if verifyPool {
@@ -234,3 +257,19 @@ func (in *Interpreter) Run(contract *Contract, input []byte) (ret []byte, err er
 	}
 	return nil, nil
 }
+
+// CanRun tells if the contract, passed as an argument, can be
+// run by the current interpreter.
+func (in *EVMInterpreter) CanRun(code []byte) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// IsReadOnly reports if the interpreter is in read only mode.
+func (in *EVMInterpreter) IsReadOnly() bool {
+	return in.readOnly
+}
+
+// SetReadOnly sets (or unsets) read only mode in the interpreter.
+func (in *EVMInterpreter) SetReadOnly(ro bool) {
+	in.readOnly = ro
+}
diff --git a/core/vm/jump_table.go b/core/vm/jump_table.go
index f387e6133..deedf70cd 100644
--- a/core/vm/jump_table.go
+++ b/core/vm/jump_table.go
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type (
-	executionFunc       func(pc *uint64, env *EVM, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error)
+	executionFunc       func(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *Stack) ([]byte, error)
 	gasFunc             func(params.GasTable, *EVM, *Contract, *Stack, *Memory, uint64) (uint64, error) // last parameter is the requested memory size as a uint64
 	stackValidationFunc func(*Stack) error
 	memorySizeFunc      func(*Stack) *big.Int