Merge pull request #2909 from fjl/account-manager-cleanup

all: clean up tech debt left behind by the API split

22 files changed, 462 insertions, 496 deletions

diff --git a/accounts/account_manager.go b/accounts/account_manager.go
index 982a2ca6e..bfb7556d6 100644
--- a/accounts/account_manager.go
+++ b/accounts/account_manager.go
@@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -342,23 +340,3 @@ func zeroKey(k *ecdsa.PrivateKey) {
 		b[i] = 0
 	}
 }
-
-// APIs implements node.Service
-func (am *Manager) APIs() []rpc.API {
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Protocols implements node.Service
-func (am *Manager) Protocols() []p2p.Protocol {
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Start implements node.Service
-func (am *Manager) Start(srvr *p2p.Server) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Stop implements node.Service
-func (am *Manager) Stop() error {
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/cmd/abigen/main.go b/cmd/abigen/main.go
index f36391351..9c9ab6d31 100644
--- a/cmd/abigen/main.go
+++ b/cmd/abigen/main.go
@@ -68,18 +68,7 @@ func main() {
 		for _, kind := range strings.Split(*excFlag, ",") {
 			exclude[strings.ToLower(kind)] = true
 		}
-		// Build the Solidity source into bindable components
-		solc, err := compiler.New(*solcFlag)
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Printf("Failed to locate Solidity compiler: %v\n", err)
-			os.Exit(-1)
-		}
-		source, err := ioutil.ReadFile(*solFlag)
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Printf("Failed to read Soldity source code: %v\n", err)
-			os.Exit(-1)
-		}
-		contracts, err := solc.Compile(string(source))
+		contracts, err := compiler.CompileSolidity(*solcFlag, *solFlag)
 		if err != nil {
 			fmt.Printf("Failed to build Solidity contract: %v\n", err)
 			os.Exit(-1)
diff --git a/cmd/geth/accountcmd.go b/cmd/geth/accountcmd.go
index 7fea16a25..2069df6cd 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/accountcmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/accountcmd.go
@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ nodes.
 )
 
 func accountList(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-	accman := utils.MakeAccountManager(ctx)
-	for i, acct := range accman.Accounts() {
+	stack := utils.MakeNode(ctx, clientIdentifier, verString)
+	for i, acct := range stack.AccountManager().Accounts() {
 		fmt.Printf("Account #%d: {%x} %s\n", i, acct.Address, acct.File)
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -261,10 +261,10 @@ func ambiguousAddrRecovery(am *accounts.Manager, err *accounts.AmbiguousAddrErro
 
 // accountCreate creates a new account into the keystore defined by the CLI flags.
 func accountCreate(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-	accman := utils.MakeAccountManager(ctx)
+	stack := utils.MakeNode(ctx, clientIdentifier, verString)
 	password := getPassPhrase("Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.", true, 0, utils.MakePasswordList(ctx))
 
-	account, err := accman.NewAccount(password)
+	account, err := stack.AccountManager().NewAccount(password)
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Failed to create account: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -278,11 +278,10 @@ func accountUpdate(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if len(ctx.Args()) == 0 {
 		utils.Fatalf("No accounts specified to update")
 	}
-	accman := utils.MakeAccountManager(ctx)
-
-	account, oldPassword := unlockAccount(ctx, accman, ctx.Args().First(), 0, nil)
+	stack := utils.MakeNode(ctx, clientIdentifier, verString)
+	account, oldPassword := unlockAccount(ctx, stack.AccountManager(), ctx.Args().First(), 0, nil)
 	newPassword := getPassPhrase("Please give a new password. Do not forget this password.", true, 0, nil)
-	if err := accman.Update(account, oldPassword, newPassword); err != nil {
+	if err := stack.AccountManager().Update(account, oldPassword, newPassword); err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Could not update the account: %v", err)
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -298,10 +297,9 @@ func importWallet(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		utils.Fatalf("Could not read wallet file: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	accman := utils.MakeAccountManager(ctx)
+	stack := utils.MakeNode(ctx, clientIdentifier, verString)
 	passphrase := getPassPhrase("", false, 0, utils.MakePasswordList(ctx))
-
-	acct, err := accman.ImportPreSaleKey(keyJson, passphrase)
+	acct, err := stack.AccountManager().ImportPreSaleKey(keyJson, passphrase)
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("%v", err)
 	}
@@ -318,9 +316,9 @@ func accountImport(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Failed to load the private key: %v", err)
 	}
-	accman := utils.MakeAccountManager(ctx)
+	stack := utils.MakeNode(ctx, clientIdentifier, verString)
 	passphrase := getPassPhrase("Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.", true, 0, utils.MakePasswordList(ctx))
-	acct, err := accman.ImportECDSA(key, passphrase)
+	acct, err := stack.AccountManager().ImportECDSA(key, passphrase)
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Could not create the account: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/geth/consolecmd.go b/cmd/geth/consolecmd.go
index 8d53809ce..92d6f7f86 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/consolecmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/consolecmd.go
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ JavaScript API. See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Javascipt-Conso
 // same time.
 func localConsole(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	// Create and start the node based on the CLI flags
-	node := utils.MakeSystemNode(clientIdentifier, verString, relConfig, makeDefaultExtra(), ctx)
+	node := makeFullNode(ctx)
 	startNode(ctx, node)
 	defer node.Stop()
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func dialRPC(endpoint string) (*rpc.Client, error) {
 // everything down.
 func ephemeralConsole(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	// Create and start the node based on the CLI flags
-	node := utils.MakeSystemNode(clientIdentifier, verString, relConfig, makeDefaultExtra(), ctx)
+	node := makeFullNode(ctx)
 	startNode(ctx, node)
 	defer node.Stop()
 
diff --git a/cmd/geth/main.go b/cmd/geth/main.go
index 5f1157b90..de679ccca 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/main.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/main.go
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/ethash"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/console"
@@ -244,34 +243,13 @@ func main() {
 	}
 }
 
-func makeDefaultExtra() []byte {
-	var clientInfo = struct {
-		Version   uint
-		Name      string
-		GoVersion string
-		Os        string
-	}{uint(versionMajor<<16 | versionMinor<<8 | versionPatch), clientIdentifier, runtime.Version(), runtime.GOOS}
-	extra, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(clientInfo)
-	if err != nil {
-		glog.V(logger.Warn).Infoln("error setting canonical miner information:", err)
-	}
-
-	if uint64(len(extra)) > params.MaximumExtraDataSize.Uint64() {
-		glog.V(logger.Warn).Infoln("error setting canonical miner information: extra exceeds", params.MaximumExtraDataSize)
-		glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("extra: %x\n", extra)
-		return nil
-	}
-	return extra
-}
-
 // geth is the main entry point into the system if no special subcommand is ran.
 // It creates a default node based on the command line arguments and runs it in
 // blocking mode, waiting for it to be shut down.
 func geth(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-	node := utils.MakeSystemNode(clientIdentifier, verString, relConfig, makeDefaultExtra(), ctx)
+	node := makeFullNode(ctx)
 	startNode(ctx, node)
 	node.Wait()
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -301,6 +279,38 @@ func initGenesis(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func makeFullNode(ctx *cli.Context) *node.Node {
+	node := utils.MakeNode(ctx, clientIdentifier, verString)
+	utils.RegisterEthService(ctx, node, relConfig, makeDefaultExtra())
+	// Whisper must be explicitly enabled, but is auto-enabled in --dev mode.
+	shhEnabled := ctx.GlobalBool(utils.WhisperEnabledFlag.Name)
+	shhAutoEnabled := !ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.WhisperEnabledFlag.Name) && ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.DevModeFlag.Name)
+	if shhEnabled || shhAutoEnabled {
+		utils.RegisterShhService(node)
+	}
+	return node
+}
+
+func makeDefaultExtra() []byte {
+	var clientInfo = struct {
+		Version   uint
+		Name      string
+		GoVersion string
+		Os        string
+	}{uint(versionMajor<<16 | versionMinor<<8 | versionPatch), clientIdentifier, runtime.Version(), runtime.GOOS}
+	extra, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(clientInfo)
+	if err != nil {
+		glog.V(logger.Warn).Infoln("error setting canonical miner information:", err)
+	}
+
+	if uint64(len(extra)) > params.MaximumExtraDataSize.Uint64() {
+		glog.V(logger.Warn).Infoln("error setting canonical miner information: extra exceeds", params.MaximumExtraDataSize)
+		glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("extra: %x\n", extra)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return extra
+}
+
 // startNode boots up the system node and all registered protocols, after which
 // it unlocks any requested accounts, and starts the RPC/IPC interfaces and the
 // miner.
@@ -311,12 +321,8 @@ func startNode(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node) {
 	utils.StartNode(stack)
 
 	// Unlock any account specifically requested
-	var accman *accounts.Manager
-	if err := stack.Service(&accman); err != nil {
-		utils.Fatalf("ethereum service not running: %v", err)
-	}
+	accman := stack.AccountManager()
 	passwords := utils.MakePasswordList(ctx)
-
 	accounts := strings.Split(ctx.GlobalString(utils.UnlockedAccountFlag.Name), ",")
 	for i, account := range accounts {
 		if trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(account); trimmed != "" {
diff --git a/cmd/gethrpctest/main.go b/cmd/gethrpctest/main.go
index 2e07e9426..d267dbf58 100644
--- a/cmd/gethrpctest/main.go
+++ b/cmd/gethrpctest/main.go
@@ -19,12 +19,10 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"flag"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
@@ -61,14 +59,8 @@ func main() {
 	if !found {
 		log.Fatalf("Requested test (%s) not found within suite", *testName)
 	}
-	// Create the protocol stack to run the test with
-	keydir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "")
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Failed to create temporary keystore directory: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer os.RemoveAll(keydir)
 
-	stack, err := MakeSystemNode(keydir, *testKey, test)
+	stack, err := MakeSystemNode(*testKey, test)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatalf("Failed to assemble test stack: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -92,23 +84,24 @@ func main() {
 
 // MakeSystemNode configures a protocol stack for the RPC tests based on a given
 // keystore path and initial pre-state.
-func MakeSystemNode(keydir string, privkey string, test *tests.BlockTest) (*node.Node, error) {
+func MakeSystemNode(privkey string, test *tests.BlockTest) (*node.Node, error) {
 	// Create a networkless protocol stack
 	stack, err := node.New(&node.Config{
-		IPCPath:     node.DefaultIPCEndpoint(),
-		HTTPHost:    common.DefaultHTTPHost,
-		HTTPPort:    common.DefaultHTTPPort,
-		HTTPModules: []string{"admin", "db", "eth", "debug", "miner", "net", "shh", "txpool", "personal", "web3"},
-		WSHost:      common.DefaultWSHost,
-		WSPort:      common.DefaultWSPort,
-		WSModules:   []string{"admin", "db", "eth", "debug", "miner", "net", "shh", "txpool", "personal", "web3"},
-		NoDiscovery: true,
+		UseLightweightKDF: true,
+		IPCPath:           node.DefaultIPCEndpoint(),
+		HTTPHost:          common.DefaultHTTPHost,
+		HTTPPort:          common.DefaultHTTPPort,
+		HTTPModules:       []string{"admin", "db", "eth", "debug", "miner", "net", "shh", "txpool", "personal", "web3"},
+		WSHost:            common.DefaultWSHost,
+		WSPort:            common.DefaultWSPort,
+		WSModules:         []string{"admin", "db", "eth", "debug", "miner", "net", "shh", "txpool", "personal", "web3"},
+		NoDiscovery:       true,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	// Create the keystore and inject an unlocked account if requested
-	accman := accounts.NewPlaintextManager(keydir)
+	accman := stack.AccountManager()
 	if len(privkey) > 0 {
 		key, err := crypto.HexToECDSA(privkey)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -131,7 +124,6 @@ func MakeSystemNode(keydir string, privkey string, test *tests.BlockTest) (*node
 		TestGenesisState: db,
 		TestGenesisBlock: test.Genesis,
 		ChainConfig:      &core.ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: params.MainNetHomesteadBlock},
-		AccountManager:   accman,
 	}
 	if err := stack.Register(func(ctx *node.ServiceContext) (node.Service, error) { return eth.New(ctx, ethConf) }); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
diff --git a/cmd/utils/flags.go b/cmd/utils/flags.go
index de379f84f..067faf3ce 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go
@@ -413,16 +413,6 @@ func MustMakeDataDir(ctx *cli.Context) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-// MakeKeyStoreDir resolves the folder to use for storing the account keys from the
-// set command line flags, returning the explicitly requested path, or one inside
-// the data directory otherwise.
-func MakeKeyStoreDir(datadir string, ctx *cli.Context) string {
-	if path := ctx.GlobalString(KeyStoreDirFlag.Name); path != "" {
-		return path
-	}
-	return filepath.Join(datadir, "keystore")
-}
-
 // MakeIPCPath creates an IPC path configuration from the set command line flags,
 // returning an empty string if IPC was explicitly disabled, or the set path.
 func MakeIPCPath(ctx *cli.Context) string {
@@ -555,20 +545,6 @@ func MakeDatabaseHandles() int {
 	return limit / 2 // Leave half for networking and other stuff
 }
 
-// MakeAccountManager creates an account manager from set command line flags.
-func MakeAccountManager(ctx *cli.Context) *accounts.Manager {
-	// Create the keystore crypto primitive, light if requested
-	scryptN := accounts.StandardScryptN
-	scryptP := accounts.StandardScryptP
-	if ctx.GlobalBool(LightKDFFlag.Name) {
-		scryptN = accounts.LightScryptN
-		scryptP = accounts.LightScryptP
-	}
-	datadir := MustMakeDataDir(ctx)
-	keydir := MakeKeyStoreDir(datadir, ctx)
-	return accounts.NewManager(keydir, scryptN, scryptP)
-}
-
 // MakeAddress converts an account specified directly as a hex encoded string or
 // a key index in the key store to an internal account representation.
 func MakeAddress(accman *accounts.Manager, account string) (accounts.Account, error) {
@@ -631,9 +607,48 @@ func MakePasswordList(ctx *cli.Context) []string {
 	return lines
 }
 
-// MakeSystemNode sets up a local node, configures the services to launch and
-// assembles the P2P protocol stack.
-func MakeSystemNode(name, version string, relconf release.Config, extra []byte, ctx *cli.Context) *node.Node {
+// MakeNode configures a node with no services from command line flags.
+func MakeNode(ctx *cli.Context, name, version string) *node.Node {
+	config := &node.Config{
+		DataDir:           MustMakeDataDir(ctx),
+		KeyStoreDir:       ctx.GlobalString(KeyStoreDirFlag.Name),
+		UseLightweightKDF: ctx.GlobalBool(LightKDFFlag.Name),
+		PrivateKey:        MakeNodeKey(ctx),
+		Name:              MakeNodeName(name, version, ctx),
+		NoDiscovery:       ctx.GlobalBool(NoDiscoverFlag.Name),
+		BootstrapNodes:    MakeBootstrapNodes(ctx),
+		ListenAddr:        MakeListenAddress(ctx),
+		NAT:               MakeNAT(ctx),
+		MaxPeers:          ctx.GlobalInt(MaxPeersFlag.Name),
+		MaxPendingPeers:   ctx.GlobalInt(MaxPendingPeersFlag.Name),
+		IPCPath:           MakeIPCPath(ctx),
+		HTTPHost:          MakeHTTPRpcHost(ctx),
+		HTTPPort:          ctx.GlobalInt(RPCPortFlag.Name),
+		HTTPCors:          ctx.GlobalString(RPCCORSDomainFlag.Name),
+		HTTPModules:       MakeRPCModules(ctx.GlobalString(RPCApiFlag.Name)),
+		WSHost:            MakeWSRpcHost(ctx),
+		WSPort:            ctx.GlobalInt(WSPortFlag.Name),
+		WSOrigins:         ctx.GlobalString(WSAllowedOriginsFlag.Name),
+		WSModules:         MakeRPCModules(ctx.GlobalString(WSApiFlag.Name)),
+	}
+	if ctx.GlobalBool(DevModeFlag.Name) {
+		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(DataDirFlag.Name) {
+			config.DataDir = filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "/ethereum_dev_mode")
+		}
+		// --dev mode does not need p2p networking.
+		config.MaxPeers = 0
+		config.ListenAddr = ":0"
+	}
+	stack, err := node.New(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		Fatalf("Failed to create the protocol stack: %v", err)
+	}
+	return stack
+}
+
+// RegisterEthService configures eth.Ethereum from command line flags and adds it to the
+// given node.
+func RegisterEthService(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, relconf release.Config, extra []byte) {
 	// Avoid conflicting network flags
 	networks, netFlags := 0, []cli.BoolFlag{DevModeFlag, TestNetFlag, OlympicFlag}
 	for _, flag := range netFlags {
@@ -644,29 +659,6 @@ func MakeSystemNode(name, version string, relconf release.Config, extra []byte,
 	if networks > 1 {
 		Fatalf("The %v flags are mutually exclusive", netFlags)
 	}
-	// Configure the node's service container
-	stackConf := &node.Config{
-		DataDir:         MustMakeDataDir(ctx),
-		PrivateKey:      MakeNodeKey(ctx),
-		Name:            MakeNodeName(name, version, ctx),
-		NoDiscovery:     ctx.GlobalBool(NoDiscoverFlag.Name),
-		BootstrapNodes:  MakeBootstrapNodes(ctx),
-		ListenAddr:      MakeListenAddress(ctx),
-		NAT:             MakeNAT(ctx),
-		MaxPeers:        ctx.GlobalInt(MaxPeersFlag.Name),
-		MaxPendingPeers: ctx.GlobalInt(MaxPendingPeersFlag.Name),
-		IPCPath:         MakeIPCPath(ctx),
-		HTTPHost:        MakeHTTPRpcHost(ctx),
-		HTTPPort:        ctx.GlobalInt(RPCPortFlag.Name),
-		HTTPCors:        ctx.GlobalString(RPCCORSDomainFlag.Name),
-		HTTPModules:     MakeRPCModules(ctx.GlobalString(RPCApiFlag.Name)),
-		WSHost:          MakeWSRpcHost(ctx),
-		WSPort:          ctx.GlobalInt(WSPortFlag.Name),
-		WSOrigins:       ctx.GlobalString(WSAllowedOriginsFlag.Name),
-		WSModules:       MakeRPCModules(ctx.GlobalString(WSApiFlag.Name)),
-	}
-	// Configure the Ethereum service
-	accman := MakeAccountManager(ctx)
 
 	// initialise new random number generator
 	rand := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
@@ -679,14 +671,13 @@ func MakeSystemNode(name, version string, relconf release.Config, extra []byte,
 	}
 
 	ethConf := &eth.Config{
+		Etherbase:               MakeEtherbase(stack.AccountManager(), ctx),
 		ChainConfig:             MustMakeChainConfig(ctx),
 		FastSync:                ctx.GlobalBool(FastSyncFlag.Name),
 		BlockChainVersion:       ctx.GlobalInt(BlockchainVersionFlag.Name),
 		DatabaseCache:           ctx.GlobalInt(CacheFlag.Name),
 		DatabaseHandles:         MakeDatabaseHandles(),
 		NetworkId:               ctx.GlobalInt(NetworkIdFlag.Name),
-		AccountManager:          accman,
-		Etherbase:               MakeEtherbase(accman, ctx),
 		MinerThreads:            ctx.GlobalInt(MinerThreadsFlag.Name),
 		ExtraData:               MakeMinerExtra(extra, ctx),
 		NatSpec:                 ctx.GlobalBool(NatspecEnabledFlag.Name),
@@ -703,8 +694,6 @@ func MakeSystemNode(name, version string, relconf release.Config, extra []byte,
 		SolcPath:                ctx.GlobalString(SolcPathFlag.Name),
 		AutoDAG:                 ctx.GlobalBool(AutoDAGFlag.Name) || ctx.GlobalBool(MiningEnabledFlag.Name),
 	}
-	// Configure the Whisper service
-	shhEnable := ctx.GlobalBool(WhisperEnabledFlag.Name)
 
 	// Override any default configs in dev mode or the test net
 	switch {
@@ -722,54 +711,30 @@ func MakeSystemNode(name, version string, relconf release.Config, extra []byte,
 		state.StartingNonce = 1048576 // (2**20)
 
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(DevModeFlag.Name):
-		// Override the base network stack configs
-		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(DataDirFlag.Name) {
-			stackConf.DataDir = filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "/ethereum_dev_mode")
-		}
-		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(MaxPeersFlag.Name) {
-			stackConf.MaxPeers = 0
-		}
-		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(ListenPortFlag.Name) {
-			stackConf.ListenAddr = ":0"
-		}
-		// Override the Ethereum protocol configs
 		ethConf.Genesis = core.OlympicGenesisBlock()
 		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(GasPriceFlag.Name) {
 			ethConf.GasPrice = new(big.Int)
 		}
-		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(WhisperEnabledFlag.Name) {
-			shhEnable = true
-		}
 		ethConf.PowTest = true
 	}
-	// Assemble and return the protocol stack
-	stack, err := node.New(stackConf)
-	if err != nil {
-		Fatalf("Failed to create the protocol stack: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := stack.Register(func(ctx *node.ServiceContext) (node.Service, error) {
-		return accman, nil
-	}); err != nil {
-		Fatalf("Failed to register the account manager service: %v", err)
-	}
 
 	if err := stack.Register(func(ctx *node.ServiceContext) (node.Service, error) {
 		return eth.New(ctx, ethConf)
 	}); err != nil {
 		Fatalf("Failed to register the Ethereum service: %v", err)
 	}
-	if shhEnable {
-		if err := stack.Register(func(*node.ServiceContext) (node.Service, error) { return whisper.New(), nil }); err != nil {
-			Fatalf("Failed to register the Whisper service: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
 	if err := stack.Register(func(ctx *node.ServiceContext) (node.Service, error) {
 		return release.NewReleaseService(ctx, relconf)
 	}); err != nil {
 		Fatalf("Failed to register the Geth release oracle service: %v", err)
 	}
-	return stack
+}
+
+// RegisterShhService configures whisper and adds it to the given node.
+func RegisterShhService(stack *node.Node) {
+	if err := stack.Register(func(*node.ServiceContext) (node.Service, error) { return whisper.New(), nil }); err != nil {
+		Fatalf("Failed to register the Whisper service: %v", err)
+	}
 }
 
 // SetupNetwork configures the system for either the main net or some test network.
diff --git a/common/compiler/solidity.go b/common/compiler/solidity.go
index 6a5bfecd8..b682107d9 100644
--- a/common/compiler/solidity.go
+++ b/common/compiler/solidity.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+// Package compiler wraps the Solidity compiler executable (solc).
 package compiler
 
 import (
@@ -21,42 +22,23 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
 )
 
 var (
 	versionRegexp = regexp.MustCompile("[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+")
-	legacyRegexp  = regexp.MustCompile("0\\.(9\\..*|1\\.[01])")
-	paramsLegacy  = []string{
-		"--binary",       // Request to output the contract in binary (hexadecimal).
-		"file",           //
-		"--json-abi",     // Request to output the contract's JSON ABI interface.
-		"file",           //
-		"--natspec-user", // Request to output the contract's Natspec user documentation.
-		"file",           //
-		"--natspec-dev",  // Request to output the contract's Natspec developer documentation.
-		"file",
-		"--add-std",
-		"1",
-	}
-	paramsNew = []string{
-		"--bin",      // Request to output the contract in binary (hexadecimal).
-		"--abi",      // Request to output the contract's JSON ABI interface.
-		"--userdoc",  // Request to output the contract's Natspec user documentation.
-		"--devdoc",   // Request to output the contract's Natspec developer documentation.
+	solcParams    = []string{
+		"--combined-json", "bin,abi,userdoc,devdoc",
 		"--add-std",  // include standard lib contracts
 		"--optimize", // code optimizer switched on
-		"-o",         // output directory
 	}
 )
 
@@ -76,135 +58,112 @@ type ContractInfo struct {
 	DeveloperDoc    interface{} `json:"developerDoc"`
 }
 
+// Solidity contains information about the solidity compiler.
 type Solidity struct {
-	solcPath    string
-	version     string
-	fullVersion string
-	legacy      bool
+	Path, Version, FullVersion string
 }
 
-func New(solcPath string) (sol *Solidity, err error) {
-	// set default solc
-	if len(solcPath) == 0 {
-		solcPath = "solc"
-	}
-	solcPath, err = exec.LookPath(solcPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
+// --combined-output format
+type solcOutput struct {
+	Contracts map[string]struct{ Bin, Abi, Devdoc, Userdoc string }
+	Version   string
+}
 
-	cmd := exec.Command(solcPath, "--version")
+// SolidityVersion runs solc and parses its version output.
+func SolidityVersion(solc string) (*Solidity, error) {
+	if solc == "" {
+		solc = "solc"
+	}
 	var out bytes.Buffer
+	cmd := exec.Command(solc, "--version")
 	cmd.Stdout = &out
-	err = cmd.Run()
-	if err != nil {
-		return
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	fullVersion := out.String()
-	version := versionRegexp.FindString(fullVersion)
-	legacy := legacyRegexp.MatchString(version)
-
-	sol = &Solidity{
-		solcPath:    solcPath,
-		version:     version,
-		fullVersion: fullVersion,
-		legacy:      legacy,
+	s := &Solidity{
+		Path:        cmd.Path,
+		FullVersion: out.String(),
+		Version:     versionRegexp.FindString(out.String()),
 	}
-	glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln(sol.Info())
-	return
-}
-
-func (sol *Solidity) Info() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s\npath: %s", sol.fullVersion, sol.solcPath)
-}
-
-func (sol *Solidity) Version() string {
-	return sol.version
+	return s, nil
 }
 
-// Compile builds and returns all the contracts contained within a source string.
-func (sol *Solidity) Compile(source string) (map[string]*Contract, error) {
-	// Short circuit if no source code was specified
+// CompileSolidityString builds and returns all the contracts contained within a source string.
+func CompileSolidityString(solc, source string) (map[string]*Contract, error) {
 	if len(source) == 0 {
 		return nil, errors.New("solc: empty source string")
 	}
-	// Create a safe place to dump compilation output
-	wd, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "solc")
+	if solc == "" {
+		solc = "solc"
+	}
+	// Write source to a temporary file. Compiling stdin used to be supported
+	// but seems to produce an exception with solc 0.3.5.
+	infile, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "geth-compile-solidity")
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("solc: failed to create temporary build folder: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(infile.Name())
+	if _, err := io.WriteString(infile, source); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := infile.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer os.RemoveAll(wd)
 
-	// Assemble the compiler command, change to the temp folder and capture any errors
-	stderr := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	return CompileSolidity(solc, infile.Name())
+}
 
-	var params []string
-	if sol.legacy {
-		params = paramsLegacy
-	} else {
-		params = paramsNew
-		params = append(params, wd)
+// CompileSolidity compiles all given Solidity source files.
+func CompileSolidity(solc string, sourcefiles ...string) (map[string]*Contract, error) {
+	if len(sourcefiles) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("solc: no source ")
+	}
+	source, err := slurpFiles(sourcefiles)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if solc == "" {
+		solc = "solc"
 	}
-	compilerOptions := strings.Join(params, " ")
-
-	cmd := exec.Command(sol.solcPath, params...)
-	cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader(source)
-	cmd.Stderr = stderr
 
+	var stderr, stdout bytes.Buffer
+	args := append(solcParams, "--")
+	cmd := exec.Command(solc, append(args, sourcefiles...)...)
+	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
+	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
 	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("solc: %v\n%s", err, string(stderr.Bytes()))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("solc: %v\n%s", err, stderr.Bytes())
 	}
-	// Sanity check that something was actually built
-	matches, _ := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(wd, "*.bin*"))
-	if len(matches) < 1 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("solc: no build results found")
+	var output solcOutput
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(stdout.Bytes(), &output); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	// Compilation succeeded, assemble and return the contracts
-	contracts := make(map[string]*Contract)
-	for _, path := range matches {
-		_, file := filepath.Split(path)
-		base := strings.Split(file, ".")[0]
-
-		// Parse the individual compilation results (code binary, ABI definitions, user and dev docs)
-		var binary []byte
-		binext := ".bin"
-		if sol.legacy {
-			binext = ".binary"
-		}
-		if binary, err = ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(wd, base+binext)); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("solc: error reading compiler output for code: %v", err)
-		}
+	shortVersion := versionRegexp.FindString(output.Version)
 
+	// Compilation succeeded, assemble and return the contracts.
+	contracts := make(map[string]*Contract)
+	for name, info := range output.Contracts {
+		// Parse the individual compilation results.
 		var abi interface{}
-		if blob, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(wd, base+".abi")); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("solc: error reading abi definition: %v", err)
-		} else if err = json.Unmarshal(blob, &abi); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("solc: error parsing abi definition: %v", err)
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(info.Abi), &abi); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("solc: error reading abi definition (%v)", err)
 		}
-
 		var userdoc interface{}
-		if blob, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(wd, base+".docuser")); err != nil {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(info.Userdoc), &userdoc); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("solc: error reading user doc: %v", err)
-		} else if err = json.Unmarshal(blob, &userdoc); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("solc: error parsing user doc: %v", err)
 		}
-
 		var devdoc interface{}
-		if blob, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.Join(wd, base+".docdev")); err != nil {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(info.Devdoc), &devdoc); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("solc: error reading dev doc: %v", err)
-		} else if err = json.Unmarshal(blob, &devdoc); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("solc: error parsing dev doc: %v", err)
 		}
-		// Assemble the final contract
-		contracts[base] = &Contract{
-			Code: "0x" + string(binary),
+		contracts[name] = &Contract{
+			Code: "0x" + info.Bin,
 			Info: ContractInfo{
 				Source:          source,
 				Language:        "Solidity",
-				LanguageVersion: sol.version,
-				CompilerVersion: sol.version,
-				CompilerOptions: compilerOptions,
+				LanguageVersion: shortVersion,
+				CompilerVersion: shortVersion,
+				CompilerOptions: strings.Join(solcParams, " "),
 				AbiDefinition:   abi,
 				UserDoc:         userdoc,
 				DeveloperDoc:    devdoc,
@@ -214,12 +173,24 @@ func (sol *Solidity) Compile(source string) (map[string]*Contract, error) {
 	return contracts, nil
 }
 
-func SaveInfo(info *ContractInfo, filename string) (contenthash common.Hash, err error) {
+func slurpFiles(files []string) (string, error) {
+	var concat bytes.Buffer
+	for _, file := range files {
+		content, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		concat.Write(content)
+	}
+	return concat.String(), nil
+}
+
+// SaveInfo serializes info to the given file and returns its Keccak256 hash.
+func SaveInfo(info *ContractInfo, filename string) (common.Hash, error) {
 	infojson, err := json.Marshal(info)
 	if err != nil {
-		return
+		return common.Hash{}, err
 	}
-	contenthash = common.BytesToHash(crypto.Keccak256(infojson))
-	err = ioutil.WriteFile(filename, infojson, 0600)
-	return
+	contenthash := common.BytesToHash(crypto.Keccak256(infojson))
+	return contenthash, ioutil.WriteFile(filename, infojson, 0600)
 }
diff --git a/common/compiler/solidity_test.go b/common/compiler/solidity_test.go
index 7109b1ec4..e4d96bd01 100644
--- a/common/compiler/solidity_test.go
+++ b/common/compiler/solidity_test.go
@@ -26,10 +26,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 )
 
-const solcVersion = "0.1.1"
-
-var (
-	source = `
+const (
+	supportedSolcVersion = "0.3.5"
+	testSource           = `
 contract test {
    /// @notice Will multiply ` + "`a`" + ` by 7.
    function multiply(uint a) returns(uint d) {
@@ -37,61 +36,57 @@ contract test {
    }
 }
 `
-	code = "0x6060604052606d8060116000396000f30060606040526000357c010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000090048063c6888fa1146037576035565b005b6046600480359060200150605c565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b60006007820290506068565b91905056"
-	info = `{"source":"\ncontract test {\n   /// @notice Will multiply ` + "`a`" + ` by 7.\n   function multiply(uint a) returns(uint d) {\n       return a * 7;\n   }\n}\n","language":"Solidity","languageVersion":"0.1.1","compilerVersion":"0.1.1","compilerOptions":"--binary file --json-abi file --natspec-user file --natspec-dev file --add-std 1","abiDefinition":[{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"a","type":"uint256"}],"name":"multiply","outputs":[{"name":"d","type":"uint256"}],"type":"function"}],"userDoc":{"methods":{"multiply(uint256)":{"notice":"Will multiply ` + "`a`" + ` by 7."}}},"developerDoc":{"methods":{}}}`
-
-	infohash = common.HexToHash("0x9f3803735e7f16120c5a140ab3f02121fd3533a9655c69b33a10e78752cc49b0")
+	testCode = "0x6060604052602a8060106000396000f3606060405260e060020a6000350463c6888fa18114601a575b005b6007600435026060908152602090f3"
+	testInfo = `{"source":"\ncontract test {\n   /// @notice Will multiply ` + "`a`" + ` by 7.\n   function multiply(uint a) returns(uint d) {\n       return a * 7;\n   }\n}\n","language":"Solidity","languageVersion":"0.1.1","compilerVersion":"0.1.1","compilerOptions":"--binary file --json-abi file --natspec-user file --natspec-dev file --add-std 1","abiDefinition":[{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"a","type":"uint256"}],"name":"multiply","outputs":[{"name":"d","type":"uint256"}],"type":"function"}],"userDoc":{"methods":{"multiply(uint256)":{"notice":"Will multiply ` + "`a`" + ` by 7."}}},"developerDoc":{"methods":{}}}`
 )
 
-func TestCompiler(t *testing.T) {
-	sol, err := New("")
+func skipUnsupported(t *testing.T) {
+	sol, err := SolidityVersion("")
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Skipf("solc not found: %v", err)
-	} else if sol.Version() != solcVersion {
-		t.Skipf("WARNING: a newer version of solc found (%v, expect %v)", sol.Version(), solcVersion)
-	}
-	contracts, err := sol.Compile(source)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("error compiling source. result %v: %v", contracts, err)
+		t.Skip(err)
 		return
 	}
+	if sol.Version != supportedSolcVersion {
+		t.Skipf("unsupported version of solc found (%v, expect %v)", sol.Version, supportedSolcVersion)
+	}
+}
 
+func TestCompiler(t *testing.T) {
+	skipUnsupported(t)
+	contracts, err := CompileSolidityString("", testSource)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("error compiling source. result %v: %v", contracts, err)
+	}
 	if len(contracts) != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("one contract expected, got %d", len(contracts))
 	}
-
-	if contracts["test"].Code != code {
-		t.Errorf("wrong code, expected\n%s, got\n%s", code, contracts["test"].Code)
+	c, ok := contracts["test"]
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("info for contract 'test' not present in result")
+	}
+	if c.Code != testCode {
+		t.Errorf("wrong code: expected\n%s, got\n%s", testCode, c.Code)
+	}
+	if c.Info.Source != testSource {
+		t.Error("wrong source")
+	}
+	if c.Info.CompilerVersion != supportedSolcVersion {
+		t.Errorf("wrong version: expected %q, got %q", supportedSolcVersion, c.Info.CompilerVersion)
 	}
-
 }
 
 func TestCompileError(t *testing.T) {
-	sol, err := New("")
-	if err != nil || sol.version != solcVersion {
-		t.Skip("solc not found: skip")
-	} else if sol.Version() != solcVersion {
-		t.Skip("WARNING: skipping due to a newer version of solc found (%v, expect %v)", sol.Version(), solcVersion)
-	}
-	contracts, err := sol.Compile(source[2:])
+	skipUnsupported(t)
+	contracts, err := CompileSolidityString("", testSource[4:])
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Errorf("error expected compiling source. got none. result %v", contracts)
-		return
-	}
-}
-
-func TestNoCompiler(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := New("/path/to/solc")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Logf("solidity quits with error: %v", err)
-	} else {
-		t.Errorf("no solc installed, but got no error")
 	}
+	t.Logf("error: %v", err)
 }
 
 func TestSaveInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	var cinfo ContractInfo
-	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(info), &cinfo)
+	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(testInfo), &cinfo)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("%v", err)
 	}
@@ -105,10 +100,11 @@ func TestSaveInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("error reading '%v': %v", filename, err)
 	}
-	if string(got) != info {
-		t.Errorf("incorrect info.json extracted, expected:\n%s\ngot\n%s", info, string(got))
+	if string(got) != testInfo {
+		t.Errorf("incorrect info.json extracted, expected:\n%s\ngot\n%s", testInfo, string(got))
 	}
-	if cinfohash != infohash {
-		t.Errorf("content hash for info is incorrect. expected %v, got %v", infohash.Hex(), cinfohash.Hex())
+	wantHash := common.HexToHash("0x9f3803735e7f16120c5a140ab3f02121fd3533a9655c69b33a10e78752cc49b0")
+	if cinfohash != wantHash {
+		t.Errorf("content hash for info is incorrect. expected %v, got %v", wantHash.Hex(), cinfohash.Hex())
 	}
 }
diff --git a/console/console_test.go b/console/console_test.go
index 7738d0c44..fd3459139 100644
--- a/console/console_test.go
+++ b/console/console_test.go
@@ -23,12 +23,10 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"math/big"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth"
@@ -92,18 +90,16 @@ func newTester(t *testing.T, confOverride func(*eth.Config)) *tester {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create temporary keystore: %v", err)
 	}
-	accman := accounts.NewPlaintextManager(filepath.Join(workspace, "keystore"))
 
 	// Create a networkless protocol stack and start an Ethereum service within
-	stack, err := node.New(&node.Config{DataDir: workspace, Name: testInstance, NoDiscovery: true})
+	stack, err := node.New(&node.Config{DataDir: workspace, UseLightweightKDF: true, Name: testInstance, NoDiscovery: true})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create node: %v", err)
 	}
 	ethConf := &eth.Config{
-		ChainConfig:    &core.ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: new(big.Int)},
-		Etherbase:      common.HexToAddress(testAddress),
-		AccountManager: accman,
-		PowTest:        true,
+		ChainConfig: &core.ChainConfig{HomesteadBlock: new(big.Int)},
+		Etherbase:   common.HexToAddress(testAddress),
+		PowTest:     true,
 	}
 	if confOverride != nil {
 		confOverride(ethConf)
diff --git a/core/types.go b/core/types.go
index 20f33a153..d84d0987f 100644
--- a/core/types.go
+++ b/core/types.go
@@ -19,12 +19,9 @@ package core
 import (
 	"math/big"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 )
 
 // Validator is an interface which defines the standard for block validation.
@@ -63,16 +60,3 @@ type HeaderValidator interface {
 type Processor interface {
 	Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg vm.Config) (types.Receipts, vm.Logs, *big.Int, error)
 }
-
-// Backend is an interface defining the basic functionality for an operable node
-// with all the functionality to be a functional, valid Ethereum operator.
-//
-// TODO Remove this
-type Backend interface {
-	AccountManager() *accounts.Manager
-	BlockChain() *BlockChain
-	TxPool() *TxPool
-	ChainDb() ethdb.Database
-	DappDb() ethdb.Database
-	EventMux() *event.TypeMux
-}
diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index c8a9af6ee..e1d123a02 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/compiler"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/httpclient"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/registrar/ethreg"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
@@ -83,11 +82,10 @@ type Config struct {
 	PowShared bool
 	ExtraData []byte
 
-	AccountManager *accounts.Manager
-	Etherbase      common.Address
-	GasPrice       *big.Int
-	MinerThreads   int
-	SolcPath       string
+	Etherbase    common.Address
+	GasPrice     *big.Int
+	MinerThreads int
+	SolcPath     string
 
 	GpoMinGasPrice          *big.Int
 	GpoMaxGasPrice          *big.Int
@@ -116,7 +114,6 @@ type Ethereum struct {
 	protocolManager *ProtocolManager
 	// DB interfaces
 	chainDb ethdb.Database // Block chain database
-	dappDb  ethdb.Database // Dapp database
 
 	eventMux       *event.TypeMux
 	pow            *ethash.Ethash
@@ -132,7 +129,6 @@ type Ethereum struct {
 	autodagquit  chan bool
 	etherbase    common.Address
 	solcPath     string
-	solc         *compiler.Solidity
 
 	NatSpec       bool
 	PowTest       bool
@@ -143,7 +139,7 @@ type Ethereum struct {
 // New creates a new Ethereum object (including the
 // initialisation of the common Ethereum object)
 func New(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
-	chainDb, dappDb, err := CreateDBs(ctx, config)
+	chainDb, err := createDB(ctx, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -158,9 +154,8 @@ func New(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 
 	eth := &Ethereum{
 		chainDb:        chainDb,
-		dappDb:         dappDb,
 		eventMux:       ctx.EventMux,
-		accountManager: config.AccountManager,
+		accountManager: ctx.AccountManager,
 		pow:            pow,
 		shutdownChan:   make(chan bool),
 		stopDbUpgrade:  stopDbUpgrade,
@@ -244,25 +239,13 @@ func New(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 	return eth, nil
 }
 
-// CreateDBs creates the chain and dapp databases for an Ethereum service
-func CreateDBs(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *Config) (chainDb, dappDb ethdb.Database, err error) {
-	// Open the chain database and perform any upgrades needed
-	chainDb, err = ctx.OpenDatabase("chaindata", config.DatabaseCache, config.DatabaseHandles)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-	if db, ok := chainDb.(*ethdb.LDBDatabase); ok {
+// createDB creates the chain database.
+func createDB(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *Config) (ethdb.Database, error) {
+	db, err := ctx.OpenDatabase("chaindata", config.DatabaseCache, config.DatabaseHandles)
+	if db, ok := db.(*ethdb.LDBDatabase); ok {
 		db.Meter("eth/db/chaindata/")
 	}
-
-	dappDb, err = ctx.OpenDatabase("dapp", config.DatabaseCache, config.DatabaseHandles)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-	if db, ok := dappDb.(*ethdb.LDBDatabase); ok {
-		db.Meter("eth/db/dapp/")
-	}
-	return
+	return db, err
 }
 
 // SetupGenesisBlock initializes the genesis block for an Ethereum service
@@ -306,7 +289,7 @@ func CreatePoW(config *Config) (*ethash.Ethash, error) {
 // APIs returns the collection of RPC services the ethereum package offers.
 // NOTE, some of these services probably need to be moved to somewhere else.
 func (s *Ethereum) APIs() []rpc.API {
-	return append(ethapi.GetAPIs(s.apiBackend, &s.solcPath, &s.solc), []rpc.API{
+	return append(ethapi.GetAPIs(s.apiBackend, s.solcPath), []rpc.API{
 		{
 			Namespace: "eth",
 			Version:   "1.0",
@@ -390,7 +373,6 @@ func (s *Ethereum) TxPool() *core.TxPool               { return s.txPool }
 func (s *Ethereum) EventMux() *event.TypeMux           { return s.eventMux }
 func (s *Ethereum) Pow() *ethash.Ethash                { return s.pow }
 func (s *Ethereum) ChainDb() ethdb.Database            { return s.chainDb }
-func (s *Ethereum) DappDb() ethdb.Database             { return s.dappDb }
 func (s *Ethereum) IsListening() bool                  { return true } // Always listening
 func (s *Ethereum) EthVersion() int                    { return int(s.protocolManager.SubProtocols[0].Version) }
 func (s *Ethereum) NetVersion() int                    { return s.netVersionId }
@@ -428,7 +410,6 @@ func (s *Ethereum) Stop() error {
 	s.StopAutoDAG()
 
 	s.chainDb.Close()
-	s.dappDb.Close()
 	close(s.shutdownChan)
 
 	return nil
diff --git a/eth/bind.go b/eth/bind.go
index c1366464f..bf7a7fb53 100644
--- a/eth/bind.go
+++ b/eth/bind.go
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ type ContractBackend struct {
 // Etheruem object.
 func NewContractBackend(eth *Ethereum) *ContractBackend {
 	return &ContractBackend{
-		eapi:  ethapi.NewPublicEthereumAPI(eth.apiBackend, nil, nil),
+		eapi:  ethapi.NewPublicEthereumAPI(eth.apiBackend),
 		bcapi: ethapi.NewPublicBlockChainAPI(eth.apiBackend),
 		txapi: ethapi.NewPublicTransactionPoolAPI(eth.apiBackend),
 	}
diff --git a/ethdb/database.go b/ethdb/database.go
index 29da4a197..f93731cfe 100644
--- a/ethdb/database.go
+++ b/ethdb/database.go
@@ -39,14 +39,12 @@ var OpenFileLimit = 64
 // cacheRatio specifies how the total allotted cache is distributed between the
 // various system databases.
 var cacheRatio = map[string]float64{
-	"dapp":      0.0,
 	"chaindata": 1.0,
 }
 
 // handleRatio specifies how the total allotted file descriptors is distributed
 // between the various system databases.
 var handleRatio = map[string]float64{
-	"dapp":      0.0,
 	"chaindata": 1.0,
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/ethapi/api.go b/internal/ethapi/api.go
index e1729d1d2..ca825ad89 100644
--- a/internal/ethapi/api.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/api.go
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"strings"
@@ -29,7 +28,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/compiler"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
@@ -49,14 +47,12 @@ const defaultGas = uint64(90000)
 // PublicEthereumAPI provides an API to access Ethereum related information.
 // It offers only methods that operate on public data that is freely available to anyone.
 type PublicEthereumAPI struct {
-	b        Backend
-	solcPath *string
-	solc     **compiler.Solidity
+	b Backend
 }
 
 // NewPublicEthereumAPI creates a new Etheruem protocol API.
-func NewPublicEthereumAPI(b Backend, solcPath *string, solc **compiler.Solidity) *PublicEthereumAPI {
-	return &PublicEthereumAPI{b, solcPath, solc}
+func NewPublicEthereumAPI(b Backend) *PublicEthereumAPI {
+	return &PublicEthereumAPI{b}
 }
 
 // GasPrice returns a suggestion for a gas price.
@@ -64,39 +60,6 @@ func (s *PublicEthereumAPI) GasPrice(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error) {
 	return s.b.SuggestPrice(ctx)
 }
 
-func (s *PublicEthereumAPI) getSolc() (*compiler.Solidity, error) {
-	var err error
-	solc := *s.solc
-	if solc == nil {
-		solc, err = compiler.New(*s.solcPath)
-	}
-	return solc, err
-}
-
-// GetCompilers returns the collection of available smart contract compilers
-func (s *PublicEthereumAPI) GetCompilers() ([]string, error) {
-	solc, err := s.getSolc()
-	if err == nil && solc != nil {
-		return []string{"Solidity"}, nil
-	}
-
-	return []string{}, nil
-}
-
-// CompileSolidity compiles the given solidity source
-func (s *PublicEthereumAPI) CompileSolidity(source string) (map[string]*compiler.Contract, error) {
-	solc, err := s.getSolc()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if solc == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("solc (solidity compiler) not found")
-	}
-
-	return solc.Compile(source)
-}
-
 // ProtocolVersion returns the current Ethereum protocol version this node supports
 func (s *PublicEthereumAPI) ProtocolVersion() *rpc.HexNumber {
 	return rpc.NewHexNumber(s.b.ProtocolVersion())
@@ -1298,31 +1261,6 @@ func (s *PublicTransactionPoolAPI) Resend(ctx context.Context, tx *Tx, gasPrice,
 	return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("Transaction %#x not found", tx.Hash)
 }
 
-// PrivateAdminAPI is the collection of Etheruem APIs exposed over the private
-// admin endpoint.
-type PrivateAdminAPI struct {
-	b        Backend
-	solcPath *string
-	solc     **compiler.Solidity
-}
-
-// NewPrivateAdminAPI creates a new API definition for the private admin methods
-// of the Ethereum service.
-func NewPrivateAdminAPI(b Backend, solcPath *string, solc **compiler.Solidity) *PrivateAdminAPI {
-	return &PrivateAdminAPI{b, solcPath, solc}
-}
-
-// SetSolc sets the Solidity compiler path to be used by the node.
-func (api *PrivateAdminAPI) SetSolc(path string) (string, error) {
-	var err error
-	*api.solcPath = path
-	*api.solc, err = compiler.New(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	return (*api.solc).Info(), nil
-}
-
 // PublicDebugAPI is the collection of Etheruem APIs exposed over the public
 // debugging endpoint.
 type PublicDebugAPI struct {
diff --git a/internal/ethapi/backend.go b/internal/ethapi/backend.go
index d112a6aef..791a06925 100644
--- a/internal/ethapi/backend.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/backend.go
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/compiler"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
@@ -69,12 +68,13 @@ type State interface {
 	GetNonce(ctx context.Context, addr common.Address) (uint64, error)
 }
 
-func GetAPIs(apiBackend Backend, solcPath *string, solc **compiler.Solidity) []rpc.API {
-	return []rpc.API{
+func GetAPIs(apiBackend Backend, solcPath string) []rpc.API {
+	compiler := makeCompilerAPIs(solcPath)
+	all := []rpc.API{
 		{
 			Namespace: "eth",
 			Version:   "1.0",
-			Service:   NewPublicEthereumAPI(apiBackend, solcPath, solc),
+			Service:   NewPublicEthereumAPI(apiBackend),
 			Public:    true,
 		}, {
 			Namespace: "eth",
@@ -92,10 +92,6 @@ func GetAPIs(apiBackend Backend, solcPath *string, solc **compiler.Solidity) []r
 			Service:   NewPublicTxPoolAPI(apiBackend),
 			Public:    true,
 		}, {
-			Namespace: "admin",
-			Version:   "1.0",
-			Service:   NewPrivateAdminAPI(apiBackend, solcPath, solc),
-		}, {
 			Namespace: "debug",
 			Version:   "1.0",
 			Service:   NewPublicDebugAPI(apiBackend),
@@ -116,4 +112,5 @@ func GetAPIs(apiBackend Backend, solcPath *string, solc **compiler.Solidity) []r
 			Public:    false,
 		},
 	}
+	return append(compiler, all...)
 }
diff --git a/internal/ethapi/solc.go b/internal/ethapi/solc.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9acc518b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/ethapi/solc.go
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package ethapi
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/compiler"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+)
+
+func makeCompilerAPIs(solcPath string) []rpc.API {
+	c := &compilerAPI{solc: solcPath}
+	return []rpc.API{
+		{
+			Namespace: "eth",
+			Version:   "1.0",
+			Service:   (*PublicCompilerAPI)(c),
+			Public:    true,
+		},
+		{
+			Namespace: "admin",
+			Version:   "1.0",
+			Service:   (*CompilerAdminAPI)(c),
+			Public:    true,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+type compilerAPI struct {
+	// This lock guards the solc path set through the API.
+	// It also ensures that only one solc process is used at
+	// any time.
+	mu   sync.Mutex
+	solc string
+}
+
+type CompilerAdminAPI compilerAPI
+
+// SetSolc sets the Solidity compiler path to be used by the node.
+func (api *CompilerAdminAPI) SetSolc(path string) (string, error) {
+	api.mu.Lock()
+	defer api.mu.Unlock()
+	info, err := compiler.SolidityVersion(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	api.solc = path
+	return info.FullVersion, nil
+}
+
+type PublicCompilerAPI compilerAPI
+
+// CompileSolidity compiles the given solidity source.
+func (api *PublicCompilerAPI) CompileSolidity(source string) (map[string]*compiler.Contract, error) {
+	api.mu.Lock()
+	defer api.mu.Unlock()
+	return compiler.CompileSolidityString(api.solc, source)
+}
+
+func (api *PublicCompilerAPI) GetCompilers() ([]string, error) {
+	api.mu.Lock()
+	defer api.mu.Unlock()
+	if _, err := compiler.SolidityVersion(api.solc); err == nil {
+		return []string{"Solidity"}, nil
+	}
+	return []string{}, nil
+}
diff --git a/miner/miner.go b/miner/miner.go
index 7cc25cdf7..c16cbe6ae 100644
--- a/miner/miner.go
+++ b/miner/miner.go
@@ -22,11 +22,13 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/downloader"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
@@ -34,6 +36,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow"
 )
 
+// Backend wraps all methods required for mining.
+type Backend interface {
+	AccountManager() *accounts.Manager
+	BlockChain() *core.BlockChain
+	TxPool() *core.TxPool
+	ChainDb() ethdb.Database
+}
+
+// Miner creates blocks and searches for proof-of-work values.
 type Miner struct {
 	mux *event.TypeMux
 
@@ -44,15 +55,21 @@ type Miner struct {
 	threads  int
 	coinbase common.Address
 	mining   int32
-	eth      core.Backend
+	eth      Backend
 	pow      pow.PoW
 
 	canStart    int32 // can start indicates whether we can start the mining operation
 	shouldStart int32 // should start indicates whether we should start after sync
 }
 
-func New(eth core.Backend, config *core.ChainConfig, mux *event.TypeMux, pow pow.PoW) *Miner {
-	miner := &Miner{eth: eth, mux: mux, pow: pow, worker: newWorker(config, common.Address{}, eth), canStart: 1}
+func New(eth Backend, config *core.ChainConfig, mux *event.TypeMux, pow pow.PoW) *Miner {
+	miner := &Miner{
+		eth:      eth,
+		mux:      mux,
+		pow:      pow,
+		worker:   newWorker(config, common.Address{}, eth, mux),
+		canStart: 1,
+	}
 	go miner.update()
 
 	return miner
diff --git a/miner/worker.go b/miner/worker.go
index dfda6d898..59406bf4e 100644
--- a/miner/worker.go
+++ b/miner/worker.go
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ type uint64RingBuffer struct {
 	next int      //where is the next insertion? assert 0 <= next < len(ints)
 }
 
-// environment is the workers current environment and holds
+// Work is the workers current environment and holds
 // all of the current state information
 type Work struct {
 	config             *core.ChainConfig
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ type worker struct {
 	recv   chan *Result
 	pow    pow.PoW
 
-	eth     core.Backend
+	eth     Backend
 	chain   *core.BlockChain
 	proc    core.Validator
 	chainDb ethdb.Database
@@ -130,11 +130,11 @@ type worker struct {
 	fullValidation bool
 }
 
-func newWorker(config *core.ChainConfig, coinbase common.Address, eth core.Backend) *worker {
+func newWorker(config *core.ChainConfig, coinbase common.Address, eth Backend, mux *event.TypeMux) *worker {
 	worker := &worker{
 		config:         config,
 		eth:            eth,
-		mux:            eth.EventMux(),
+		mux:            mux,
 		chainDb:        eth.ChainDb(),
 		recv:           make(chan *Result, resultQueueSize),
 		gasPrice:       new(big.Int),
diff --git a/node/config.go b/node/config.go
index bc9fec618..432da7015 100644
--- a/node/config.go
+++ b/node/config.go
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
@@ -36,10 +37,11 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	datadirPrivateKey   = "nodekey"            // Path within the datadir to the node's private key
-	datadirStaticNodes  = "static-nodes.json"  // Path within the datadir to the static node list
-	datadirTrustedNodes = "trusted-nodes.json" // Path within the datadir to the trusted node list
-	datadirNodeDatabase = "nodes"              // Path within the datadir to store the node infos
+	datadirPrivateKey      = "nodekey"            // Path within the datadir to the node's private key
+	datadirDefaultKeyStore = "keystore"           // Path within the datadir to the keystore
+	datadirStaticNodes     = "static-nodes.json"  // Path within the datadir to the static node list
+	datadirTrustedNodes    = "trusted-nodes.json" // Path within the datadir to the trusted node list
+	datadirNodeDatabase    = "nodes"              // Path within the datadir to store the node infos
 )
 
 // Config represents a small collection of configuration values to fine tune the
@@ -53,6 +55,19 @@ type Config struct {
 	// in memory.
 	DataDir string
 
+	// KeyStoreDir is the file system folder that contains private keys. The directory can
+	// be specified as a relative path, in which case it is resolved relative to the
+	// current directory.
+	//
+	// If KeyStoreDir is empty, the default location is the "keystore" subdirectory of
+	// DataDir. If DataDir is unspecified and KeyStoreDir is empty, an ephemeral directory
+	// is created by New and destroyed when the node is stopped.
+	KeyStoreDir string
+
+	// UseLightweightKDF lowers the memory and CPU requirements of the key store
+	// scrypt KDF at the expense of security.
+	UseLightweightKDF bool
+
 	// IPCPath is the requested location to place the IPC endpoint. If the path is
 	// a simple file name, it is placed inside the data directory (or on the root
 	// pipe path on Windows), whereas if it's a resolvable path name (absolute or
@@ -278,3 +293,38 @@ func (c *Config) parsePersistentNodes(file string) []*discover.Node {
 	}
 	return nodes
 }
+
+func makeAccountManager(conf *Config) (am *accounts.Manager, ephemeralKeystore string, err error) {
+	scryptN := accounts.StandardScryptN
+	scryptP := accounts.StandardScryptP
+	if conf.UseLightweightKDF {
+		scryptN = accounts.LightScryptN
+		scryptP = accounts.LightScryptP
+	}
+
+	var keydir string
+	switch {
+	case filepath.IsAbs(conf.KeyStoreDir):
+		keydir = conf.KeyStoreDir
+	case conf.DataDir != "":
+		if conf.KeyStoreDir == "" {
+			keydir = filepath.Join(conf.DataDir, datadirDefaultKeyStore)
+		} else {
+			keydir, err = filepath.Abs(conf.KeyStoreDir)
+		}
+	case conf.KeyStoreDir != "":
+		keydir, err = filepath.Abs(conf.KeyStoreDir)
+	default:
+		// There is no datadir.
+		keydir, err = ioutil.TempDir("", "go-ethereum-keystore")
+		ephemeralKeystore = keydir
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(keydir, 0700); err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	return accounts.NewManager(keydir, scryptN, scryptP), ephemeralKeystore, nil
+}
diff --git a/node/node.go b/node/node.go
index ac8a7e8f0..f3be2f763 100644
--- a/node/node.go
+++ b/node/node.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/debug"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
@@ -49,6 +50,9 @@ type Node struct {
 	datadir  string         // Path to the currently used data directory
 	eventmux *event.TypeMux // Event multiplexer used between the services of a stack
 
+	accman            *accounts.Manager
+	ephemeralKeystore string // if non-empty, the key directory that will be removed by Stop
+
 	serverConfig p2p.Config
 	server       *p2p.Server // Currently running P2P networking layer
 
@@ -90,13 +94,20 @@ func New(conf *Config) (*Node, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
+	am, ephemeralKeystore, err := makeAccountManager(conf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	// Assemble the networking layer and the node itself
 	nodeDbPath := ""
 	if conf.DataDir != "" {
 		nodeDbPath = filepath.Join(conf.DataDir, datadirNodeDatabase)
 	}
 	return &Node{
-		datadir: conf.DataDir,
+		datadir:           conf.DataDir,
+		accman:            am,
+		ephemeralKeystore: ephemeralKeystore,
 		serverConfig: p2p.Config{
 			PrivateKey:      conf.NodeKey(),
 			Name:            conf.Name,
@@ -156,9 +167,10 @@ func (n *Node) Start() error {
 	for _, constructor := range n.serviceFuncs {
 		// Create a new context for the particular service
 		ctx := &ServiceContext{
-			datadir:  n.datadir,
-			services: make(map[reflect.Type]Service),
-			EventMux: n.eventmux,
+			datadir:        n.datadir,
+			services:       make(map[reflect.Type]Service),
+			EventMux:       n.eventmux,
+			AccountManager: n.accman,
 		}
 		for kind, s := range services { // copy needed for threaded access
 			ctx.services[kind] = s
@@ -473,9 +485,18 @@ func (n *Node) Stop() error {
 	n.server = nil
 	close(n.stop)
 
+	// Remove the keystore if it was created ephemerally.
+	var keystoreErr error
+	if n.ephemeralKeystore != "" {
+		keystoreErr = os.RemoveAll(n.ephemeralKeystore)
+	}
+
 	if len(failure.Services) > 0 {
 		return failure
 	}
+	if keystoreErr != nil {
+		return keystoreErr
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -548,6 +569,11 @@ func (n *Node) DataDir() string {
 	return n.datadir
 }
 
+// AccountManager retrieves the account manager used by the protocol stack.
+func (n *Node) AccountManager() *accounts.Manager {
+	return n.accman
+}
+
 // IPCEndpoint retrieves the current IPC endpoint used by the protocol stack.
 func (n *Node) IPCEndpoint() string {
 	return n.ipcEndpoint
diff --git a/node/service.go b/node/service.go
index 4d9a6e42c..51531466b 100644
--- a/node/service.go
+++ b/node/service.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p"
@@ -30,9 +31,10 @@ import (
 // the protocol stack, that is passed to all constructors to be optionally used;
 // as well as utility methods to operate on the service environment.
 type ServiceContext struct {
-	datadir  string                   // Data directory for protocol persistence
-	services map[reflect.Type]Service // Index of the already constructed services
-	EventMux *event.TypeMux           // Event multiplexer used for decoupled notifications
+	datadir        string                   // Data directory for protocol persistence
+	services       map[reflect.Type]Service // Index of the already constructed services
+	EventMux       *event.TypeMux           // Event multiplexer used for decoupled notifications
+	AccountManager *accounts.Manager        // Account manager created by the node.
 }
 
 // OpenDatabase opens an existing database with the given name (or creates one