Merge remote-tracking branch 'ethereum/conversion' into conversion

19 files changed, 304 insertions, 244 deletions

diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index b7e23aaab..966614e71 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -26,12 +26,11 @@ RUN tar -C /usr/local -xzf go*.tar.gz && go version
 ADD https://api.github.com/repos/ethereum/go-ethereum/git/refs/heads/develop file_does_not_exist
 
 ## Fetch and install go-ethereum
-RUN go get github.com/tools/godep
-RUN go get -d github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/...
+RUN mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/ethereum/
+RUN git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum $GOPATH/src/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
 WORKDIR $GOPATH/src/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
 RUN git checkout develop
-RUN godep restore
-RUN go install -v ./cmd/ethereum
+RUN GOPATH=$GOPATH:$GOPATH/src/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/Godeps/_workspace go install -v ./cmd/ethereum
 
 ## Run & expose JSON RPC
 ENTRYPOINT ["ethereum", "-rpc=true", "-rpcport=8545"]
diff --git a/cmd/ethereum/main.go b/cmd/ethereum/main.go
index 459059e6c..181d6d60d 100644
--- a/cmd/ethereum/main.go
+++ b/cmd/ethereum/main.go
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
+	"github.com/ethereum/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	ClientIdentifier = "Ethereum(G)"
-	Version          = "0.9.1"
+	Version          = "Frontier - 0.9.1"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -55,6 +56,17 @@ func init() {
 	app.Commands = []cli.Command{
 		blocktestCmd,
 		{
+			Action: makedag,
+			Name:   "makedag",
+			Usage:  "generate ethash dag (for testing)",
+			Description: `
+The makedag command generates an ethash DAG in /tmp/dag.
+
+This command exists to support the system testing project.
+Regular users do not need to execute it.
+`,
+		},
+		{
 			Action: version,
 			Name:   "version",
 			Usage:  "print ethereum version numbers",
@@ -136,8 +148,8 @@ The Ethereum JavaScript VM exposes a node admin interface as well as the DAPP Ja
 		utils.RPCPortFlag,
 		utils.UnencryptedKeysFlag,
 		utils.VMDebugFlag,
-
-		//utils.VMTypeFlag,
+		utils.ProtocolVersionFlag,
+		utils.NetworkIdFlag,
 	}
 
 	// missing:
@@ -318,6 +330,15 @@ func dump(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	}
 }
 
+func makedag(ctx *cli.Context) {
+	chain, _, _ := utils.GetChain(ctx)
+	pow := ethash.New(chain)
+	fmt.Println("making cache")
+	pow.UpdateCache(true)
+	fmt.Println("making DAG")
+	pow.UpdateDAG()
+}
+
 func version(c *cli.Context) {
 	fmt.Printf(`%v
 Version: %v
@@ -327,7 +348,7 @@ GO: %s
 OS: %s
 GOPATH=%s
 GOROOT=%s
-`, ClientIdentifier, Version, eth.ProtocolVersion, eth.NetworkId, runtime.Version(), runtime.GOOS, os.Getenv("GOPATH"), runtime.GOROOT())
+`, ClientIdentifier, Version, c.GlobalInt(utils.ProtocolVersionFlag.Name), c.GlobalInt(utils.NetworkIdFlag.Name), runtime.Version(), runtime.GOOS, os.Getenv("GOPATH"), runtime.GOROOT())
 }
 
 // hashish returns true for strings that look like hashes.
diff --git a/cmd/mist/main.go b/cmd/mist/main.go
index 1c51233e3..fab651b22 100644
--- a/cmd/mist/main.go
+++ b/cmd/mist/main.go
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ui/qt/webengine"
 	"github.com/obscuren/qml"
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ func init() {
 		utils.RPCListenAddrFlag,
 		utils.RPCPortFlag,
 		utils.JSpathFlag,
+		utils.ProtocolVersionFlag,
+		utils.NetworkIdFlag,
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/cmd/utils/flags.go b/cmd/utils/flags.go
index 42256903e..1d8f6382b 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go
@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/codegangsta/cli"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/nat"
@@ -70,25 +70,23 @@ func NewApp(version, usage string) *cli.App {
 
 var (
 	// General settings
-	/*
-		VMTypeFlag = cli.IntFlag{
-			Name:  "vm",
-			Usage: "Virtual Machine type: 0 is standard VM, 1 is debug VM",
-		}
-	*/
-	UnlockedAccountFlag = cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:  "unlock",
-		Usage: "Unlock a given account untill this programs exits (address:password)",
-	}
-	VMDebugFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "vmdebug",
-		Usage: "Virtual Machine debug output",
-	}
 	DataDirFlag = cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:  "datadir",
 		Usage: "Data directory to be used",
 		Value: common.DefaultDataDir(),
 	}
+	ProtocolVersionFlag = cli.IntFlag{
+		Name:  "protocolversion",
+		Usage: "ETH protocol version",
+		Value: eth.ProtocolVersion,
+	}
+	NetworkIdFlag = cli.IntFlag{
+		Name:  "networkid",
+		Usage: "Network Id",
+		Value: eth.NetworkId,
+	}
+
+	// miner settings
 	MinerThreadsFlag = cli.IntFlag{
 		Name:  "minerthreads",
 		Usage: "Number of miner threads",
@@ -98,11 +96,18 @@ var (
 		Name:  "mine",
 		Usage: "Enable mining",
 	}
+
+	// key settings
 	UnencryptedKeysFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:  "unencrypted-keys",
 		Usage: "disable private key disk encryption (for testing)",
 	}
+	UnlockedAccountFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "unlock",
+		Usage: "Unlock a given account untill this programs exits (address:password)",
+	}
 
+	// logging and debug settings
 	LogFileFlag = cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:  "logfile",
 		Usage: "Send log output to a file",
@@ -117,6 +122,10 @@ var (
 		Usage: `"std" or "raw"`,
 		Value: "std",
 	}
+	VMDebugFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "vmdebug",
+		Usage: "Virtual Machine debug output",
+	}
 
 	// RPC settings
 	RPCEnabledFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
@@ -198,21 +207,23 @@ func GetNodeKey(ctx *cli.Context) (key *ecdsa.PrivateKey) {
 
 func MakeEthConfig(clientID, version string, ctx *cli.Context) *eth.Config {
 	return &eth.Config{
-		Name:           common.MakeName(clientID, version),
-		DataDir:        ctx.GlobalString(DataDirFlag.Name),
-		LogFile:        ctx.GlobalString(LogFileFlag.Name),
-		LogLevel:       ctx.GlobalInt(LogLevelFlag.Name),
-		LogFormat:      ctx.GlobalString(LogFormatFlag.Name),
-		MinerThreads:   ctx.GlobalInt(MinerThreadsFlag.Name),
-		AccountManager: GetAccountManager(ctx),
-		VmDebug:        ctx.GlobalBool(VMDebugFlag.Name),
-		MaxPeers:       ctx.GlobalInt(MaxPeersFlag.Name),
-		Port:           ctx.GlobalString(ListenPortFlag.Name),
-		NAT:            GetNAT(ctx),
-		NodeKey:        GetNodeKey(ctx),
-		Shh:            true,
-		Dial:           true,
-		BootNodes:      ctx.GlobalString(BootnodesFlag.Name),
+		Name:            common.MakeName(clientID, version),
+		DataDir:         ctx.GlobalString(DataDirFlag.Name),
+		ProtocolVersion: ctx.GlobalInt(ProtocolVersionFlag.Name),
+		NetworkId:       ctx.GlobalInt(NetworkIdFlag.Name),
+		LogFile:         ctx.GlobalString(LogFileFlag.Name),
+		LogLevel:        ctx.GlobalInt(LogLevelFlag.Name),
+		LogFormat:       ctx.GlobalString(LogFormatFlag.Name),
+		MinerThreads:    ctx.GlobalInt(MinerThreadsFlag.Name),
+		AccountManager:  GetAccountManager(ctx),
+		VmDebug:         ctx.GlobalBool(VMDebugFlag.Name),
+		MaxPeers:        ctx.GlobalInt(MaxPeersFlag.Name),
+		Port:            ctx.GlobalString(ListenPortFlag.Name),
+		NAT:             GetNAT(ctx),
+		NodeKey:         GetNodeKey(ctx),
+		Shh:             true,
+		Dial:            true,
+		BootNodes:       ctx.GlobalString(BootnodesFlag.Name),
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/common/common.go b/common/common.go
index 1371d18d4..155bb5c2a 100644
--- a/common/common.go
+++ b/common/common.go
@@ -65,6 +65,15 @@ func DefaultDataDir() string {
 	}
 }
 
+func ToHex(b []byte) string {
+	hex := Bytes2Hex(b)
+	// Prefer output of "0x0" instead of "0x"
+	if len(hex) == 0 {
+		hex = "0"
+	}
+	return "0x" + hex
+}
+
 func FromHex(s string) []byte {
 	if len(s) > 1 {
 		if s[0:2] == "0x" {
diff --git a/common/types_template.go b/common/types_template.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c82a36dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/types_template.go
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// +build none
+//sed -e 's/_N_/Hash/g' -e 's/_S_/32/g' -e '1d' types_template.go | gofmt -w hash.go
+
+package common
+
+import "math/big"
+
+type _N_ [_S_]byte
+
+func BytesTo_N_(b []byte) _N_ {
+	var h _N_
+	h.SetBytes(b)
+	return h
+}
+func StringTo_N_(s string) _N_ { return BytesTo_N_([]byte(s)) }
+func BigTo_N_(b *big.Int) _N_  { return BytesTo_N_(b.Bytes()) }
+func HexTo_N_(s string) _N_    { return BytesTo_N_(FromHex(s)) }
+
+// Don't use the default 'String' method in case we want to overwrite
+
+// Get the string representation of the underlying hash
+func (h _N_) Str() string   { return string(h[:]) }
+func (h _N_) Bytes() []byte { return h[:] }
+func (h _N_) Big() *big.Int { return Bytes2Big(h[:]) }
+func (h _N_) Hex() string   { return "0x" + Bytes2Hex(h[:]) }
+
+// Sets the hash to the value of b. If b is larger than len(h) it will panic
+func (h *_N_) SetBytes(b []byte) {
+	// Use the right most bytes
+	if len(b) > len(h) {
+		b = b[len(b)-_S_:]
+	}
+
+	// Reverse the loop
+	for i := len(b) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		h[_S_-len(b)+i] = b[i]
+	}
+}
+
+// Set string `s` to h. If s is larger than len(h) it will panic
+func (h *_N_) SetString(s string) { h.SetBytes([]byte(s)) }
+
+// Sets h to other
+func (h *_N_) Set(other _N_) {
+	for i, v := range other {
+		h[i] = v
+	}
+}
diff --git a/core/chain_manager.go b/core/chain_manager.go
index 060805428..4bf9e9aed 100644
--- a/core/chain_manager.go
+++ b/core/chain_manager.go
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ func CalcDifficulty(block, parent *types.Header) *big.Int {
 		diff.Sub(parent.Difficulty, adjust)
 	}
 
-	if diff.Cmp(GenesisDiff) < 0 {
-		return GenesisDiff
+	if diff.Cmp(min) < 0 {
+		return min
 	}
 
 	return diff
diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index c26bdceb5..9e5324688 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -38,7 +38,10 @@ var (
 )
 
 type Config struct {
-	Name      string
+	Name            string
+	ProtocolVersion int
+	NetworkId       int
+
 	DataDir   string
 	LogFile   string
 	LogLevel  int
@@ -135,14 +138,16 @@ type Ethereum struct {
 
 	logger logger.LogSystem
 
-	Mining  bool
-	DataDir string
-	version string
+	Mining          bool
+	DataDir         string
+	version         string
+	ProtocolVersion int
+	NetworkId       int
 }
 
 func New(config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 	// Boostrap database
-	servlogger := logger.New(config.DataDir, config.LogFile, config.LogLevel, config.LogFormat)
+	servlogsystem := logger.New(config.DataDir, config.LogFile, config.LogLevel, config.LogFormat)
 
 	newdb := config.NewDB
 	if newdb == nil {
@@ -159,13 +164,14 @@ func New(config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 	extraDb, err := ethdb.NewLDBDatabase(path.Join(config.DataDir, "extra"))
 
 	// Perform database sanity checks
-	d, _ := blockDb.Get([]byte("ProtocolVersion"))
-	protov := common.NewValue(d).Uint()
-	if protov != ProtocolVersion && protov != 0 {
+	d, _ := extraDb.Get([]byte("ProtocolVersion"))
+	protov := int(common.NewValue(d).Uint())
+	if protov != config.ProtocolVersion && protov != 0 {
 		path := path.Join(config.DataDir, "blockchain")
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Database version mismatch. Protocol(%d / %d). `rm -rf %s`", protov, ProtocolVersion, path)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Database version mismatch. Protocol(%d / %d). `rm -rf %s`", protov, config.ProtocolVersion, path)
 	}
-	saveProtocolVersion(extraDb)
+	saveProtocolVersion(extraDb, config.ProtocolVersion)
+	servlogger.Infof("Protocol Version: %v, Network Id: %v", config.ProtocolVersion, config.NetworkId)
 
 	eth := &Ethereum{
 		shutdownChan:   make(chan bool),
@@ -173,7 +179,7 @@ func New(config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 		stateDb:        stateDb,
 		extraDb:        extraDb,
 		eventMux:       &event.TypeMux{},
-		logger:         servlogger,
+		logger:         servlogsystem,
 		accountManager: config.AccountManager,
 		DataDir:        config.DataDir,
 		version:        config.Name, // TODO should separate from Name
@@ -195,7 +201,8 @@ func New(config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	ethProto := EthProtocol(eth.txPool, eth.chainManager, eth.blockPool)
+
+	ethProto := EthProtocol(config.ProtocolVersion, config.NetworkId, eth.txPool, eth.chainManager, eth.blockPool)
 	protocols := []p2p.Protocol{ethProto}
 	if config.Shh {
 		protocols = append(protocols, eth.whisper.Protocol())
@@ -309,7 +316,6 @@ func (s *Ethereum) StateDb() common.Database             { return s.stateDb }
 func (s *Ethereum) ExtraDb() common.Database             { return s.extraDb }
 func (s *Ethereum) IsListening() bool                    { return true } // Always listening
 func (s *Ethereum) PeerCount() int                       { return s.net.PeerCount() }
-func (s *Ethereum) PeerInfo() int                        { return s.net.PeerCount() }
 func (s *Ethereum) Peers() []*p2p.Peer                   { return s.net.Peers() }
 func (s *Ethereum) MaxPeers() int                        { return s.net.MaxPeers }
 func (s *Ethereum) Version() string                      { return s.version }
@@ -413,11 +419,11 @@ func (self *Ethereum) blockBroadcastLoop() {
 	}
 }
 
-func saveProtocolVersion(db common.Database) {
+func saveProtocolVersion(db common.Database, protov int) {
 	d, _ := db.Get([]byte("ProtocolVersion"))
 	protocolVersion := common.NewValue(d).Uint()
 
 	if protocolVersion == 0 {
-		db.Put([]byte("ProtocolVersion"), common.NewValue(ProtocolVersion).Bytes())
+		db.Put([]byte("ProtocolVersion"), common.NewValue(protov).Bytes())
 	}
 }
diff --git a/eth/peer_util.go b/eth/peer_util.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 18fef0ab5..000000000
--- a/eth/peer_util.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-package eth
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-)
-
-func WritePeers(path string, addresses []string) {
-	if len(addresses) > 0 {
-		data, _ := json.MarshalIndent(addresses, "", "    ")
-		common.WriteFile(path, data)
-	}
-}
-
-func ReadPeers(path string) (ips []string, err error) {
-	var data string
-	data, err = common.ReadAllFile(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		json.Unmarshal([]byte(data), &ips)
-	}
-	return
-}
diff --git a/eth/protocol.go b/eth/protocol.go
index 15a8e1831..a1c2ae688 100644
--- a/eth/protocol.go
+++ b/eth/protocol.go
@@ -58,13 +58,15 @@ var errorToString = map[int]string{
 // ethProtocol represents the ethereum wire protocol
 // instance is running on each peer
 type ethProtocol struct {
-	txPool       txPool
-	chainManager chainManager
-	blockPool    blockPool
-	peer         *p2p.Peer
-	id           string
-	rw           p2p.MsgReadWriter
-	errors       *errs.Errors
+	txPool          txPool
+	chainManager    chainManager
+	blockPool       blockPool
+	peer            *p2p.Peer
+	id              string
+	rw              p2p.MsgReadWriter
+	errors          *errs.Errors
+	protocolVersion int
+	networkId       int
 }
 
 // backend is the interface the ethereum protocol backend should implement
@@ -101,27 +103,29 @@ type getBlockHashesMsgData struct {
 // main entrypoint, wrappers starting a server running the eth protocol
 // use this constructor to attach the protocol ("class") to server caps
 // the Dev p2p layer then runs the protocol instance on each peer
-func EthProtocol(txPool txPool, chainManager chainManager, blockPool blockPool) p2p.Protocol {
+func EthProtocol(protocolVersion, networkId int, txPool txPool, chainManager chainManager, blockPool blockPool) p2p.Protocol {
 	return p2p.Protocol{
 		Name:    "eth",
-		Version: ProtocolVersion,
+		Version: uint(protocolVersion),
 		Length:  ProtocolLength,
 		Run: func(peer *p2p.Peer, rw p2p.MsgReadWriter) error {
-			return runEthProtocol(txPool, chainManager, blockPool, peer, rw)
+			return runEthProtocol(protocolVersion, networkId, txPool, chainManager, blockPool, peer, rw)
 		},
 	}
 }
 
 // the main loop that handles incoming messages
 // note RemovePeer in the post-disconnect hook
-func runEthProtocol(txPool txPool, chainManager chainManager, blockPool blockPool, peer *p2p.Peer, rw p2p.MsgReadWriter) (err error) {
+func runEthProtocol(protocolVersion, networkId int, txPool txPool, chainManager chainManager, blockPool blockPool, peer *p2p.Peer, rw p2p.MsgReadWriter) (err error) {
 	id := peer.ID()
 	self := &ethProtocol{
-		txPool:       txPool,
-		chainManager: chainManager,
-		blockPool:    blockPool,
-		rw:           rw,
-		peer:         peer,
+		txPool:          txPool,
+		chainManager:    chainManager,
+		blockPool:       blockPool,
+		rw:              rw,
+		peer:            peer,
+		protocolVersion: protocolVersion,
+		networkId:       networkId,
 		errors: &errs.Errors{
 			Package: "ETH",
 			Errors:  errorToString,
@@ -291,8 +295,8 @@ func (self *ethProtocol) statusMsg() p2p.Msg {
 	td, currentBlock, genesisBlock := self.chainManager.Status()
 
 	return p2p.NewMsg(StatusMsg,
-		uint32(ProtocolVersion),
-		uint32(NetworkId),
+		uint32(self.protocolVersion),
+		uint32(self.networkId),
 		td,
 		currentBlock,
 		genesisBlock,
@@ -330,12 +334,12 @@ func (self *ethProtocol) handleStatus() error {
 		return self.protoError(ErrGenesisBlockMismatch, "%x (!= %x)", status.GenesisBlock, genesisBlock)
 	}
 
-	if status.NetworkId != NetworkId {
-		return self.protoError(ErrNetworkIdMismatch, "%d (!= %d)", status.NetworkId, NetworkId)
+	if int(status.NetworkId) != self.networkId {
+		return self.protoError(ErrNetworkIdMismatch, "%d (!= %d)", status.NetworkId, self.networkId)
 	}
 
-	if ProtocolVersion != status.ProtocolVersion {
-		return self.protoError(ErrProtocolVersionMismatch, "%d (!= %d)", status.ProtocolVersion, ProtocolVersion)
+	if int(status.ProtocolVersion) != self.protocolVersion {
+		return self.protoError(ErrProtocolVersionMismatch, "%d (!= %d)", status.ProtocolVersion, self.protocolVersion)
 	}
 
 	self.peer.Infof("Peer is [eth] capable (%d/%d). TD=%v H=%x\n", status.ProtocolVersion, status.NetworkId, status.TD, status.CurrentBlock[:4])
diff --git a/eth/protocol_test.go b/eth/protocol_test.go
index a2b59f117..108fb4475 100644
--- a/eth/protocol_test.go
+++ b/eth/protocol_test.go
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/errs"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	ethlogger "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/discover"
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ func (self *ethProtocolTester) checkMsg(i int, code uint64, val interface{}) (ms
 }
 
 func (self *ethProtocolTester) run() {
-	err := runEthProtocol(self.txPool, self.chainManager, self.blockPool, testPeer(), self.rw)
+	err := runEthProtocol(ProtocolVersion, NetworkId, self.txPool, self.chainManager, self.blockPool, testPeer(), self.rw)
 	self.quit <- err
 }
 
diff --git a/rpc/api.go b/rpc/api.go
index 3c46684d1..486eec008 100644
--- a/rpc/api.go
+++ b/rpc/api.go
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ func (p *EthereumApi) Transact(args *NewTxArgs, reply *interface{}) (err error)
 
 			result, _ := account.Transact(common.FromHex(args.To), common.FromHex(args.Value), common.FromHex(args.Gas), common.FromHex(args.GasPrice), common.FromHex(args.Data))
 			if len(result) > 0 {
-				*reply = toHex(result)
+				*reply = common.ToHex(result)
 			}
 		} else if _, exists := p.register[args.From]; exists {
 			p.register[ags.From] = append(p.register[args.From], args)
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ func (p *EthereumApi) GetBalance(args *GetBalanceArgs, reply *interface{}) error
 		return err
 	}
 	state := p.getStateWithNum(args.BlockNumber).SafeGet(args.Address)
-	*reply = toHex(state.Balance().Bytes())
+	*reply = common.ToHex(state.Balance().Bytes())
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ func (p *EthereumApi) NewWhisperFilter(args *WhisperFilterArgs, reply *interface
 	}
 	id = p.xeth().Whisper().Watch(opts)
 	p.messages[id] = &whisperFilter{timeout: time.Now()}
-	*reply = toHex(big.NewInt(int64(id)).Bytes())
+	*reply = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(int64(id)).Bytes())
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ func (p *EthereumApi) GetRequestReply(req *RpcRequest, reply *interface{}) error
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(req.Params, &args); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		*reply = toHex(crypto.Sha3(common.FromHex(args.Data)))
+		*reply = common.ToHex(crypto.Sha3(common.FromHex(args.Data)))
 	case "web3_clientVersion":
 		*reply = p.xeth().Backend().Version()
 	case "net_version":
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ func (p *EthereumApi) GetRequestReply(req *RpcRequest, reply *interface{}) error
 	case "net_listening":
 		*reply = p.xeth().IsListening()
 	case "net_peerCount":
-		*reply = toHex(big.NewInt(int64(p.xeth().PeerCount())).Bytes())
+		*reply = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(int64(p.xeth().PeerCount())).Bytes())
 	case "eth_coinbase":
 		// TODO handling of empty coinbase due to lack of accounts
 		res := p.xeth().Coinbase()
@@ -505,11 +505,11 @@ func (p *EthereumApi) GetRequestReply(req *RpcRequest, reply *interface{}) error
 	case "eth_mining":
 		*reply = p.xeth().IsMining()
 	case "eth_gasPrice":
-		*reply = toHex(defaultGasPrice.Bytes())
+		*reply = common.ToHex(defaultGasPrice.Bytes())
 	case "eth_accounts":
 		*reply = p.xeth().Accounts()
 	case "eth_blockNumber":
-		*reply = toHex(p.xeth().Backend().ChainManager().CurrentBlock().Number().Bytes())
+		*reply = common.ToHex(p.xeth().Backend().ChainManager().CurrentBlock().Number().Bytes())
 	case "eth_getBalance":
 		args := new(GetBalanceArgs)
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(req.Params, &args); err != nil {
@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ func (p *EthereumApi) GetRequestReply(req *RpcRequest, reply *interface{}) error
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		*reply = toHex(big.NewInt(v).Bytes())
+		*reply = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(v).Bytes())
 	case "eth_getBlockTransactionCountByNumber":
 		args := new(GetBlockByNumberArgs)
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(req.Params, &args); err != nil {
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ func (p *EthereumApi) GetRequestReply(req *RpcRequest, reply *interface{}) error
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		*reply = toHex(big.NewInt(v).Bytes())
+		*reply = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(v).Bytes())
 	case "eth_getUncleCountByBlockHash":
 		args := new(GetBlockByHashArgs)
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(req.Params, &args); err != nil {
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ func (p *EthereumApi) GetRequestReply(req *RpcRequest, reply *interface{}) error
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		*reply = toHex(big.NewInt(v).Bytes())
+		*reply = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(v).Bytes())
 	case "eth_getUncleCountByBlockNumber":
 		args := new(GetBlockByNumberArgs)
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(req.Params, &args); err != nil {
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ func (p *EthereumApi) GetRequestReply(req *RpcRequest, reply *interface{}) error
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		*reply = toHex(big.NewInt(v).Bytes())
+		*reply = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(v).Bytes())
 	case "eth_getData", "eth_getCode":
 		args := new(GetDataArgs)
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(req.Params, &args); err != nil {
diff --git a/rpc/http.go b/rpc/http.go
index b6edb7cd7..5f2445e6c 100644
--- a/rpc/http.go
+++ b/rpc/http.go
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package rpc
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
@@ -16,54 +19,83 @@ const (
 
 // JSONRPC returns a handler that implements the Ethereum JSON-RPC API.
 func JSONRPC(pipe *xeth.XEth, dataDir string) http.Handler {
-	var json JsonWrapper
 	api := NewEthereumApi(pipe, dataDir)
 
 	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+		// TODO this needs to be configurable
 		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
 
-		rpchttplogger.DebugDetailln("Handling request")
-
+		// Limit request size to resist DoS
 		if req.ContentLength > maxSizeReqLength {
 			jsonerr := &RpcErrorObject{-32700, "Request too large"}
-			json.Send(w, &RpcErrorResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: nil, Error: jsonerr})
+			Send(w, &RpcErrorResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: nil, Error: jsonerr})
 			return
 		}
 
-		reqParsed, reqerr := json.ParseRequestBody(req)
-		switch reqerr.(type) {
-		case nil:
-			break
-		case *DecodeParamError, *InsufficientParamsError, *ValidationError:
-			jsonerr := &RpcErrorObject{-32602, reqerr.Error()}
-			json.Send(w, &RpcErrorResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: nil, Error: jsonerr})
-			return
-		default:
-			jsonerr := &RpcErrorObject{-32700, "Could not parse request"}
-			json.Send(w, &RpcErrorResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: nil, Error: jsonerr})
-			return
+		// Read request body
+		defer req.Body.Close()
+		body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(req.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			jsonerr := &RpcErrorObject{-32700, "Could not read request body"}
+			Send(w, &RpcErrorResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: nil, Error: jsonerr})
 		}
 
-		var response interface{}
-		reserr := api.GetRequestReply(&reqParsed, &response)
-		switch reserr.(type) {
-		case nil:
-			break
-		case *NotImplementedError:
-			jsonerr := &RpcErrorObject{-32601, reserr.Error()}
-			json.Send(w, &RpcErrorResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: reqParsed.Id, Error: jsonerr})
+		// Try to parse the request as a single
+		var reqSingle RpcRequest
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &reqSingle); err == nil {
+			response := RpcResponse(api, &reqSingle)
+			Send(w, &response)
 			return
-		case *DecodeParamError, *InsufficientParamsError, *ValidationError:
-			jsonerr := &RpcErrorObject{-32602, reserr.Error()}
-			json.Send(w, &RpcErrorResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: reqParsed.Id, Error: jsonerr})
-			return
-		default:
-			jsonerr := &RpcErrorObject{-32603, reserr.Error()}
-			json.Send(w, &RpcErrorResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: reqParsed.Id, Error: jsonerr})
+		}
+
+		// Try to parse the request to batch
+		var reqBatch []RpcRequest
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &reqBatch); err == nil {
+			// Build response batch
+			resBatch := make([]*interface{}, len(reqBatch))
+			for i, request := range reqBatch {
+				response := RpcResponse(api, &request)
+				resBatch[i] = response
+			}
+			Send(w, resBatch)
 			return
 		}
 
-		rpchttplogger.DebugDetailf("Generated response: %T %s", response, response)
-		json.Send(w, &RpcSuccessResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: reqParsed.Id, Result: response})
+		// Not a batch or single request, error
+		jsonerr := &RpcErrorObject{-32600, "Could not decode request"}
+		Send(w, &RpcErrorResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: nil, Error: jsonerr})
 	})
 }
+
+func RpcResponse(api *EthereumApi, request *RpcRequest) *interface{} {
+	var reply, response interface{}
+	reserr := api.GetRequestReply(request, &reply)
+	switch reserr.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		response = &RpcSuccessResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: request.Id, Result: reply}
+	case *NotImplementedError:
+		jsonerr := &RpcErrorObject{-32601, reserr.Error()}
+		response = &RpcErrorResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: request.Id, Error: jsonerr}
+	case *DecodeParamError, *InsufficientParamsError, *ValidationError:
+		jsonerr := &RpcErrorObject{-32602, reserr.Error()}
+		response = &RpcErrorResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: request.Id, Error: jsonerr}
+	default:
+		jsonerr := &RpcErrorObject{-32603, reserr.Error()}
+		response = &RpcErrorResponse{Jsonrpc: jsonrpcver, Id: request.Id, Error: jsonerr}
+	}
+
+	rpchttplogger.DebugDetailf("Generated response: %T %s", response, response)
+	return &response
+}
+
+func Send(writer io.Writer, v interface{}) (n int, err error) {
+	var payload []byte
+	payload, err = json.MarshalIndent(v, "", "\t")
+	if err != nil {
+		rpclogger.Fatalln("Error marshalling JSON", err)
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	rpclogger.DebugDetailf("Sending payload: %s", payload)
+
+	return writer.Write(payload)
+}
diff --git a/rpc/responses.go b/rpc/responses.go
index 5b2b9d488..5e197b729 100644
--- a/rpc/responses.go
+++ b/rpc/responses.go
@@ -57,23 +57,23 @@ func (b *BlockRes) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 
 	// convert strict types to hexified strings
-	ext.BlockNumber = toHex(big.NewInt(b.BlockNumber).Bytes())
+	ext.BlockNumber = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(b.BlockNumber).Bytes())
 	ext.BlockHash = b.BlockHash.Hex()
 	ext.ParentHash = b.ParentHash.Hex()
-	ext.Nonce = toHex(b.Nonce[:])
+	ext.Nonce = common.ToHex(b.Nonce[:])
 	ext.Sha3Uncles = b.Sha3Uncles.Hex()
-	ext.LogsBloom = toHex(b.LogsBloom[:])
+	ext.LogsBloom = common.ToHex(b.LogsBloom[:])
 	ext.TransactionRoot = b.TransactionRoot.Hex()
 	ext.StateRoot = b.StateRoot.Hex()
 	ext.Miner = b.Miner.Hex()
-	ext.Difficulty = toHex(big.NewInt(b.Difficulty).Bytes())
-	ext.TotalDifficulty = toHex(big.NewInt(b.TotalDifficulty).Bytes())
-	ext.Size = toHex(big.NewInt(b.Size).Bytes())
-	// ext.ExtraData = toHex(b.ExtraData)
-	ext.GasLimit = toHex(big.NewInt(b.GasLimit).Bytes())
-	// ext.MinGasPrice = toHex(big.NewInt(b.MinGasPrice).Bytes())
-	ext.GasUsed = toHex(big.NewInt(b.GasUsed).Bytes())
-	ext.UnixTimestamp = toHex(big.NewInt(b.UnixTimestamp).Bytes())
+	ext.Difficulty = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(b.Difficulty).Bytes())
+	ext.TotalDifficulty = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(b.TotalDifficulty).Bytes())
+	ext.Size = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(b.Size).Bytes())
+	// ext.ExtraData = common.ToHex(b.ExtraData)
+	ext.GasLimit = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(b.GasLimit).Bytes())
+	// ext.MinGasPrice = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(b.MinGasPrice).Bytes())
+	ext.GasUsed = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(b.GasUsed).Bytes())
+	ext.UnixTimestamp = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(b.UnixTimestamp).Bytes())
 	ext.Transactions = make([]interface{}, len(b.Transactions))
 	if b.fullTx {
 		for i, tx := range b.Transactions {
@@ -162,20 +162,20 @@ func (t *TransactionRes) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 
 	ext.Hash = t.Hash.Hex()
-	ext.Nonce = toHex(big.NewInt(t.Nonce).Bytes())
+	ext.Nonce = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(t.Nonce).Bytes())
 	ext.BlockHash = t.BlockHash.Hex()
-	ext.BlockNumber = toHex(big.NewInt(t.BlockNumber).Bytes())
-	ext.TxIndex = toHex(big.NewInt(t.TxIndex).Bytes())
+	ext.BlockNumber = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(t.BlockNumber).Bytes())
+	ext.TxIndex = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(t.TxIndex).Bytes())
 	ext.From = t.From.Hex()
 	if t.To == nil {
 		ext.To = "0x00"
 	} else {
 		ext.To = t.To.Hex()
 	}
-	ext.Value = toHex(big.NewInt(t.Value).Bytes())
-	ext.Gas = toHex(big.NewInt(t.Gas).Bytes())
-	ext.GasPrice = toHex(big.NewInt(t.GasPrice).Bytes())
-	ext.Input = toHex(t.Input)
+	ext.Value = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(t.Value).Bytes())
+	ext.Gas = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(t.Gas).Bytes())
+	ext.GasPrice = common.ToHex(big.NewInt(t.GasPrice).Bytes())
+	ext.Input = common.ToHex(t.Input)
 
 	return json.Marshal(ext)
 }
diff --git a/rpc/util.go b/rpc/util.go
index b9b0fa442..b3d83409f 100644
--- a/rpc/util.go
+++ b/rpc/util.go
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@ package rpc
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"math/big"
-	"net/http"
 	"reflect"
 	"time"
 
@@ -33,8 +31,6 @@ import (
 
 var rpclogger = logger.NewLogger("RPC")
 
-type JsonWrapper struct{}
-
 // Unmarshal state is a helper method which has the ability to decode messsages
 // that use the `defaultBlock` (https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC#the-default-block-parameter)
 // For example a `call`: [{to: "0x....", data:"0x..."}, "latest"]. The first argument is the transaction
@@ -94,47 +90,8 @@ func UnmarshalRawMessages(b []byte, iface interface{}, number *int64) (err error
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (self JsonWrapper) Send(writer io.Writer, v interface{}) (n int, err error) {
-	var payload []byte
-	payload, err = json.MarshalIndent(v, "", "\t")
-	if err != nil {
-		rpclogger.Fatalln("Error marshalling JSON", err)
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	rpclogger.DebugDetailf("Sending payload: %s", payload)
-
-	return writer.Write(payload)
-}
-
-func (self JsonWrapper) ParseRequestBody(req *http.Request) (RpcRequest, error) {
-	var reqParsed RpcRequest
-
-	// Convert JSON to native types
-	d := json.NewDecoder(req.Body)
-	defer req.Body.Close()
-	err := d.Decode(&reqParsed)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		rpclogger.Errorln("Error decoding JSON: ", err)
-		return reqParsed, err
-	}
-
-	rpclogger.DebugDetailf("Parsed request: %s", reqParsed)
-
-	return reqParsed, nil
-}
-
-func toHex(b []byte) string {
-	hex := common.Bytes2Hex(b)
-	// Prefer output of "0x0" instead of "0x"
-	if len(hex) == 0 {
-		hex = "0"
-	}
-	return "0x" + hex
-}
-
 func i2hex(n int) string {
-	return toHex(big.NewInt(int64(n)).Bytes())
+	return common.ToHex(big.NewInt(int64(n)).Bytes())
 }
 
 type RpcServer interface {
@@ -156,7 +113,7 @@ func toLogs(logs state.Logs) (ls []Log) {
 		var l Log
 		l.Topic = make([]string, len(log.Topics()))
 		l.Address = log.Address().Hex()
-		l.Data = toHex(log.Data())
+		l.Data = common.ToHex(log.Data())
 		l.Number = log.Number()
 		for j, topic := range log.Topics() {
 			l.Topic[j] = topic.Hex()
diff --git a/ui/qt/qwhisper/whisper.go b/ui/qt/qwhisper/whisper.go
index 90ec822aa..bf165bbcc 100644
--- a/ui/qt/qwhisper/whisper.go
+++ b/ui/qt/qwhisper/whisper.go
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ package qwhisper
 import (
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/whisper"
 	"github.com/obscuren/qml"
@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ import (
 
 var qlogger = logger.NewLogger("QSHH")
 
-func toHex(b []byte) string { return "0x" + common.Bytes2Hex(b) }
-
 type Whisper struct {
 	*whisper.Whisper
 	view qml.Object
@@ -66,7 +64,7 @@ func (self *Whisper) Post(payload []string, to, from string, topics []string, pr
 func (self *Whisper) NewIdentity() string {
 	key := self.Whisper.NewIdentity()
 
-	return toHex(crypto.FromECDSAPub(&key.PublicKey))
+	return common.ToHex(crypto.FromECDSAPub(&key.PublicKey))
 }
 
 func (self *Whisper) HasIdentity(key string) bool {
diff --git a/xeth/types.go b/xeth/types.go
index d8d6ff19f..b4ba7bab0 100644
--- a/xeth/types.go
+++ b/xeth/types.go
@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 )
 
-func toHex(b []byte) string {
-	return "0x" + common.Bytes2Hex(b)
-}
-
 type Object struct {
 	*state.StateObject
 }
@@ -49,7 +45,7 @@ func (self *Object) Storage() (storage map[string]string) {
 	for it.Next() {
 		var data []byte
 		rlp.Decode(bytes.NewReader(it.Value), &data)
-		storage[toHex(it.Key)] = toHex(data)
+		storage[common.ToHex(it.Key)] = common.ToHex(data)
 	}
 
 	return
@@ -95,12 +91,12 @@ func NewBlock(block *types.Block) *Block {
 	return &Block{
 		ref: block, Size: block.Size().String(),
 		Number: int(block.NumberU64()), GasUsed: block.GasUsed().String(),
-		GasLimit: block.GasLimit().String(), Hash: toHex(block.Hash().Bytes()),
+		GasLimit: block.GasLimit().String(), Hash: block.Hash().Hex(),
 		Transactions: txlist, Uncles: ulist,
 		Time:     block.Time(),
-		Coinbase: toHex(block.Coinbase().Bytes()),
-		PrevHash: toHex(block.ParentHash().Bytes()),
-		Bloom:    toHex(block.Bloom().Bytes()),
+		Coinbase: block.Coinbase().Hex(),
+		PrevHash: block.ParentHash().Hex(),
+		Bloom:    common.ToHex(block.Bloom().Bytes()),
 		Raw:      block.String(),
 	}
 }
@@ -151,10 +147,10 @@ func NewTx(tx *types.Transaction) *Transaction {
 	if createsContract {
 		data = strings.Join(core.Disassemble(tx.Data()), "\n")
 	} else {
-		data = toHex(tx.Data())
+		data = common.ToHex(tx.Data())
 	}
 
-	return &Transaction{ref: tx, Hash: hash, Value: common.CurrencyToString(tx.Value()), Address: receiver, Contract: createsContract, Gas: tx.Gas().String(), GasPrice: tx.GasPrice().String(), Data: data, Sender: sender.Hex(), CreatesContract: createsContract, RawData: toHex(tx.Data())}
+	return &Transaction{ref: tx, Hash: hash, Value: common.CurrencyToString(tx.Value()), Address: receiver, Contract: createsContract, Gas: tx.Gas().String(), GasPrice: tx.GasPrice().String(), Data: data, Sender: sender.Hex(), CreatesContract: createsContract, RawData: common.ToHex(tx.Data())}
 }
 
 func (self *Transaction) ToString() string {
@@ -168,7 +164,7 @@ type Key struct {
 }
 
 func NewKey(key *crypto.KeyPair) *Key {
-	return &Key{toHex(key.Address()), toHex(key.PrivateKey), toHex(key.PublicKey)}
+	return &Key{common.ToHex(key.Address()), common.ToHex(key.PrivateKey), common.ToHex(key.PublicKey)}
 }
 
 type PReceipt struct {
@@ -181,9 +177,9 @@ type PReceipt struct {
 func NewPReciept(contractCreation bool, creationAddress, hash, address []byte) *PReceipt {
 	return &PReceipt{
 		contractCreation,
-		toHex(creationAddress),
-		toHex(hash),
-		toHex(address),
+		common.ToHex(creationAddress),
+		common.ToHex(hash),
+		common.ToHex(address),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -220,8 +216,8 @@ type Receipt struct {
 func NewReciept(contractCreation bool, creationAddress, hash, address []byte) *Receipt {
 	return &Receipt{
 		contractCreation,
-		toHex(creationAddress),
-		toHex(hash),
-		toHex(address),
+		common.ToHex(creationAddress),
+		common.ToHex(hash),
+		common.ToHex(address),
 	}
 }
diff --git a/xeth/whisper.go b/xeth/whisper.go
index c0be4c392..72e1ee04f 100644
--- a/xeth/whisper.go
+++ b/xeth/whisper.go
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func (self *Whisper) Post(payload string, to, from string, topics []string, prio
 func (self *Whisper) NewIdentity() string {
 	key := self.Whisper.NewIdentity()
 
-	return toHex(crypto.FromECDSAPub(&key.PublicKey))
+	return common.ToHex(crypto.FromECDSAPub(&key.PublicKey))
 }
 
 func (self *Whisper) HasIdentity(key string) bool {
@@ -112,9 +112,9 @@ type WhisperMessage struct {
 func NewWhisperMessage(msg *whisper.Message) WhisperMessage {
 	return WhisperMessage{
 		ref:     msg,
-		Payload: toHex(msg.Payload),
-		From:    toHex(crypto.FromECDSAPub(msg.Recover())),
-		To:      toHex(crypto.FromECDSAPub(msg.To)),
+		Payload: common.ToHex(msg.Payload),
+		From:    common.ToHex(crypto.FromECDSAPub(msg.Recover())),
+		To:      common.ToHex(crypto.FromECDSAPub(msg.To)),
 		Sent:    msg.Sent,
 	}
 }
diff --git a/xeth/xeth.go b/xeth/xeth.go
index 672b83332..686ed4432 100644
--- a/xeth/xeth.go
+++ b/xeth/xeth.go
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ func (self *XEth) Accounts() []string {
 	accounts, _ := self.eth.AccountManager().Accounts()
 	accountAddresses := make([]string, len(accounts))
 	for i, ac := range accounts {
-		accountAddresses[i] = toHex(ac.Address)
+		accountAddresses[i] = common.ToHex(ac.Address)
 	}
 	return accountAddresses
 }
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ func (self *XEth) IsListening() bool {
 
 func (self *XEth) Coinbase() string {
 	cb, _ := self.eth.AccountManager().Coinbase()
-	return toHex(cb)
+	return common.ToHex(cb)
 }
 
 func (self *XEth) NumberToHuman(balance string) string {
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ func (self *XEth) NumberToHuman(balance string) string {
 func (self *XEth) StorageAt(addr, storageAddr string) string {
 	storage := self.State().SafeGet(addr).StorageString(storageAddr)
 
-	return toHex(storage.Bytes())
+	return common.ToHex(storage.Bytes())
 }
 
 func (self *XEth) BalanceAt(addr string) string {
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ func (self *XEth) TxCountAt(address string) int {
 }
 
 func (self *XEth) CodeAt(address string) string {
-	return toHex(self.State().SafeGet(address).Code())
+	return common.ToHex(self.State().SafeGet(address).Code())
 }
 
 func (self *XEth) IsContract(address string) bool {
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ func (self *XEth) SecretToAddress(key string) string {
 		return ""
 	}
 
-	return toHex(pair.Address())
+	return common.ToHex(pair.Address())
 }
 
 type KeyVal struct {
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ func (self *XEth) EachStorage(addr string) string {
 	object := self.State().SafeGet(addr)
 	it := object.Trie().Iterator()
 	for it.Next() {
-		values = append(values, KeyVal{toHex(it.Key), toHex(it.Value)})
+		values = append(values, KeyVal{common.ToHex(it.Key), common.ToHex(it.Value)})
 	}
 
 	valuesJson, err := json.Marshal(values)
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ func (self *XEth) EachStorage(addr string) string {
 func (self *XEth) ToAscii(str string) string {
 	padded := common.RightPadBytes([]byte(str), 32)
 
-	return "0x" + toHex(padded)
+	return "0x" + common.ToHex(padded)
 }
 
 func (self *XEth) FromAscii(str string) string {
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ func (self *XEth) Call(fromStr, toStr, valueStr, gasStr, gasPriceStr, dataStr st
 	vmenv := core.NewEnv(statedb, self.chainManager, msg, block)
 
 	res, err := vmenv.Call(msg.from, msg.to, msg.data, msg.gas, msg.gasPrice, msg.value)
-	return toHex(res), err
+	return common.ToHex(res), err
 }
 
 func (self *XEth) Transact(fromStr, toStr, valueStr, gasStr, gasPriceStr, codeStr string) (string, error) {