core, eth, miner: improve shutdown synchronisation

Shutting down geth prints hundreds of annoying error messages in some
cases. The errors appear because the Stop method of eth.ProtocolManager,
miner.Miner and core.TxPool is asynchronous. Left over peer sessions
generate events which are processed after Stop even though the database
has already been closed.

The fix is to make Stop synchronous using sync.WaitGroup.

For eth.ProtocolManager, in order to make use of WaitGroup safe, we need
a way to stop new peer sessions from being added while waiting on the
WaitGroup. The eth protocol Run function now selects on a signaling
channel and adds to the WaitGroup only if ProtocolManager is not
shutting down.

For miner.worker and core.TxPool the number of goroutines is static,
WaitGroup can be used in the usual way without additional
synchronisation.

7 files changed, 101 insertions, 70 deletions

diff --git a/core/tx_pool.go b/core/tx_pool.go
index e997e8cd0..f2eb2bbdd 100644
--- a/core/tx_pool.go
+++ b/core/tx_pool.go
@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ type stateFn func() (*state.StateDB, error)
 // two states over time as they are received and processed.
 type TxPool struct {
 	config       *ChainConfig
-	quit         chan bool // Quitting channel
-	currentState stateFn   // The state function which will allow us to do some pre checks
+	currentState stateFn // The state function which will allow us to do some pre checks
 	pendingState *state.ManagedState
 	gasLimit     func() *big.Int // The current gas limit function callback
 	minGasPrice  *big.Int
@@ -72,6 +71,8 @@ type TxPool struct {
 	pending      map[common.Hash]*types.Transaction // processable transactions
 	queue        map[common.Address]map[common.Hash]*types.Transaction
 
+	wg sync.WaitGroup // for shutdown sync
+
 	homestead bool
 }
 
@@ -80,7 +81,6 @@ func NewTxPool(config *ChainConfig, eventMux *event.TypeMux, currentStateFn stat
 		config:       config,
 		pending:      make(map[common.Hash]*types.Transaction),
 		queue:        make(map[common.Address]map[common.Hash]*types.Transaction),
-		quit:         make(chan bool),
 		eventMux:     eventMux,
 		currentState: currentStateFn,
 		gasLimit:     gasLimitFn,
@@ -90,12 +90,15 @@ func NewTxPool(config *ChainConfig, eventMux *event.TypeMux, currentStateFn stat
 		events:       eventMux.Subscribe(ChainHeadEvent{}, GasPriceChanged{}, RemovedTransactionEvent{}),
 	}
 
+	pool.wg.Add(1)
 	go pool.eventLoop()
 
 	return pool
 }
 
 func (pool *TxPool) eventLoop() {
+	defer pool.wg.Done()
+
 	// Track chain events. When a chain events occurs (new chain canon block)
 	// we need to know the new state. The new state will help us determine
 	// the nonces in the managed state
@@ -155,8 +158,8 @@ func (pool *TxPool) resetState() {
 }
 
 func (pool *TxPool) Stop() {
-	close(pool.quit)
 	pool.events.Unsubscribe()
+	pool.wg.Wait()
 	glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("Transaction pool stopped")
 }
 
diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index 9722e9625..f43dea777 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -416,6 +416,7 @@ func (s *Ethereum) Stop() error {
 	s.blockchain.Stop()
 	s.protocolManager.Stop()
 	s.txPool.Stop()
+	s.miner.Stop()
 	s.eventMux.Stop()
 
 	s.StopAutoDAG()
diff --git a/eth/handler.go b/eth/handler.go
index d6b474a91..3980a625e 100644
--- a/eth/handler.go
+++ b/eth/handler.go
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ type ProtocolManager struct {
 	minedBlockSub event.Subscription
 
 	// channels for fetcher, syncer, txsyncLoop
-	newPeerCh chan *peer
-	txsyncCh  chan *txsync
-	quitSync  chan struct{}
+	newPeerCh   chan *peer
+	txsyncCh    chan *txsync
+	quitSync    chan struct{}
+	noMorePeers chan struct{}
 
 	// wait group is used for graceful shutdowns during downloading
 	// and processing
-	wg   sync.WaitGroup
-	quit bool
+	wg sync.WaitGroup
 }
 
 // NewProtocolManager returns a new ethereum sub protocol manager. The Ethereum sub protocol manages peers capable
@@ -94,16 +94,17 @@ func NewProtocolManager(config *core.ChainConfig, fastSync bool, networkId int,
 	}
 	// Create the protocol manager with the base fields
 	manager := &ProtocolManager{
-		networkId:  networkId,
-		fastSync:   fastSync,
-		eventMux:   mux,
-		txpool:     txpool,
-		blockchain: blockchain,
-		chaindb:    chaindb,
-		peers:      newPeerSet(),
-		newPeerCh:  make(chan *peer, 1),
-		txsyncCh:   make(chan *txsync),
-		quitSync:   make(chan struct{}),
+		networkId:   networkId,
+		fastSync:    fastSync,
+		eventMux:    mux,
+		txpool:      txpool,
+		blockchain:  blockchain,
+		chaindb:     chaindb,
+		peers:       newPeerSet(),
+		newPeerCh:   make(chan *peer),
+		noMorePeers: make(chan struct{}),
+		txsyncCh:    make(chan *txsync),
+		quitSync:    make(chan struct{}),
 	}
 	// Initiate a sub-protocol for every implemented version we can handle
 	manager.SubProtocols = make([]p2p.Protocol, 0, len(ProtocolVersions))
@@ -120,8 +121,14 @@ func NewProtocolManager(config *core.ChainConfig, fastSync bool, networkId int,
 			Length:  ProtocolLengths[i],
 			Run: func(p *p2p.Peer, rw p2p.MsgReadWriter) error {
 				peer := manager.newPeer(int(version), p, rw)
-				manager.newPeerCh <- peer
-				return manager.handle(peer)
+				select {
+				case manager.newPeerCh <- peer:
+					manager.wg.Add(1)
+					defer manager.wg.Done()
+					return manager.handle(peer)
+				case <-manager.quitSync:
+					return p2p.DiscQuitting
+				}
 			},
 			NodeInfo: func() interface{} {
 				return manager.NodeInfo()
@@ -187,16 +194,25 @@ func (pm *ProtocolManager) Start() {
 }
 
 func (pm *ProtocolManager) Stop() {
-	// Showing a log message. During download / process this could actually
-	// take between 5 to 10 seconds and therefor feedback is required.
 	glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("Stopping ethereum protocol handler...")
 
-	pm.quit = true
 	pm.txSub.Unsubscribe()         // quits txBroadcastLoop
 	pm.minedBlockSub.Unsubscribe() // quits blockBroadcastLoop
-	close(pm.quitSync)             // quits syncer, fetcher, txsyncLoop
 
-	// Wait for any process action
+	// Quit the sync loop.
+	// After this send has completed, no new peers will be accepted.
+	pm.noMorePeers <- struct{}{}
+
+	// Quit fetcher, txsyncLoop.
+	close(pm.quitSync)
+
+	// Disconnect existing sessions.
+	// This also closes the gate for any new registrations on the peer set.
+	// sessions which are already established but not added to pm.peers yet
+	// will exit when they try to register.
+	pm.peers.Close()
+
+	// Wait for all peer handler goroutines and the loops to come down.
 	pm.wg.Wait()
 
 	glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("Ethereum protocol handler stopped")
diff --git a/eth/helper_test.go b/eth/helper_test.go
index 5703d44cc..dacb1593f 100644
--- a/eth/helper_test.go
+++ b/eth/helper_test.go
@@ -140,14 +140,14 @@ func newTestPeer(name string, version int, pm *ProtocolManager, shake bool) (*te
 	// Start the peer on a new thread
 	errc := make(chan error, 1)
 	go func() {
-		pm.newPeerCh <- peer
-		errc <- pm.handle(peer)
+		select {
+		case pm.newPeerCh <- peer:
+			errc <- pm.handle(peer)
+		case <-pm.quitSync:
+			errc <- p2p.DiscQuitting
+		}
 	}()
-	tp := &testPeer{
-		app:  app,
-		net:  net,
-		peer: peer,
-	}
+	tp := &testPeer{app: app, net: net, peer: peer}
 	// Execute any implicitly requested handshakes and return
 	if shake {
 		td, head, genesis := pm.blockchain.Status()
diff --git a/eth/peer.go b/eth/peer.go
index 15ba22ff5..8eb41b0f9 100644
--- a/eth/peer.go
+++ b/eth/peer.go
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
+	errClosed            = errors.New("peer set is closed")
 	errAlreadyRegistered = errors.New("peer is already registered")
 	errNotRegistered     = errors.New("peer is not registered")
 )
@@ -351,8 +352,9 @@ func (p *peer) String() string {
 // peerSet represents the collection of active peers currently participating in
 // the Ethereum sub-protocol.
 type peerSet struct {
-	peers map[string]*peer
-	lock  sync.RWMutex
+	peers  map[string]*peer
+	lock   sync.RWMutex
+	closed bool
 }
 
 // newPeerSet creates a new peer set to track the active participants.
@@ -368,6 +370,9 @@ func (ps *peerSet) Register(p *peer) error {
 	ps.lock.Lock()
 	defer ps.lock.Unlock()
 
+	if ps.closed {
+		return errClosed
+	}
 	if _, ok := ps.peers[p.id]; ok {
 		return errAlreadyRegistered
 	}
@@ -450,3 +455,15 @@ func (ps *peerSet) BestPeer() *peer {
 	}
 	return bestPeer
 }
+
+// Close disconnects all peers.
+// No new peers can be registered after Close has returned.
+func (ps *peerSet) Close() {
+	ps.lock.Lock()
+	defer ps.lock.Unlock()
+
+	for _, p := range ps.peers {
+		p.Disconnect(p2p.DiscQuitting)
+	}
+	ps.closed = true
+}
diff --git a/eth/sync.go b/eth/sync.go
index dd8aef8e4..69881530d 100644
--- a/eth/sync.go
+++ b/eth/sync.go
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func (pm *ProtocolManager) syncer() {
 			// Force a sync even if not enough peers are present
 			go pm.synchronise(pm.peers.BestPeer())
 
-		case <-pm.quitSync:
+		case <-pm.noMorePeers:
 			return
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/miner/worker.go b/miner/worker.go
index 21588e310..3d1928bf6 100644
--- a/miner/worker.go
+++ b/miner/worker.go
@@ -94,10 +94,13 @@ type worker struct {
 
 	mu sync.Mutex
 
+	// update loop
+	mux    *event.TypeMux
+	events event.Subscription
+	wg     sync.WaitGroup
+
 	agents map[Agent]struct{}
 	recv   chan *Result
-	mux    *event.TypeMux
-	quit   chan struct{}
 	pow    pow.PoW
 
 	eth     core.Backend
@@ -138,13 +141,14 @@ func newWorker(config *core.ChainConfig, coinbase common.Address, eth core.Backe
 		possibleUncles: make(map[common.Hash]*types.Block),
 		coinbase:       coinbase,
 		txQueue:        make(map[common.Hash]*types.Transaction),
-		quit:           make(chan struct{}),
 		agents:         make(map[Agent]struct{}),
 		fullValidation: false,
 	}
+	worker.events = worker.mux.Subscribe(core.ChainHeadEvent{}, core.ChainSideEvent{}, core.TxPreEvent{})
+	worker.wg.Add(1)
 	go worker.update()
-	go worker.wait()
 
+	go worker.wait()
 	worker.commitNewWork()
 
 	return worker
@@ -184,9 +188,12 @@ func (self *worker) start() {
 }
 
 func (self *worker) stop() {
+	// Quit update.
+	self.events.Unsubscribe()
+	self.wg.Wait()
+
 	self.mu.Lock()
 	defer self.mu.Unlock()
-
 	if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) == 1 {
 		// Stop all agents.
 		for agent := range self.agents {
@@ -217,36 +224,23 @@ func (self *worker) unregister(agent Agent) {
 }
 
 func (self *worker) update() {
-	eventSub := self.mux.Subscribe(core.ChainHeadEvent{}, core.ChainSideEvent{}, core.TxPreEvent{})
-	defer eventSub.Unsubscribe()
-
-	eventCh := eventSub.Chan()
-	for {
-		select {
-		case event, ok := <-eventCh:
-			if !ok {
-				// Event subscription closed, set the channel to nil to stop spinning
-				eventCh = nil
-				continue
-			}
-			// A real event arrived, process interesting content
-			switch ev := event.Data.(type) {
-			case core.ChainHeadEvent:
-				self.commitNewWork()
-			case core.ChainSideEvent:
-				self.uncleMu.Lock()
-				self.possibleUncles[ev.Block.Hash()] = ev.Block
-				self.uncleMu.Unlock()
-			case core.TxPreEvent:
-				// Apply transaction to the pending state if we're not mining
-				if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) == 0 {
-					self.currentMu.Lock()
-					self.current.commitTransactions(self.mux, types.Transactions{ev.Tx}, self.gasPrice, self.chain)
-					self.currentMu.Unlock()
-				}
+	defer self.wg.Done()
+	for event := range self.events.Chan() {
+		// A real event arrived, process interesting content
+		switch ev := event.Data.(type) {
+		case core.ChainHeadEvent:
+			self.commitNewWork()
+		case core.ChainSideEvent:
+			self.uncleMu.Lock()
+			self.possibleUncles[ev.Block.Hash()] = ev.Block
+			self.uncleMu.Unlock()
+		case core.TxPreEvent:
+			// Apply transaction to the pending state if we're not mining
+			if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) == 0 {
+				self.currentMu.Lock()
+				self.current.commitTransactions(self.mux, types.Transactions{ev.Tx}, self.gasPrice, self.chain)
+				self.currentMu.Unlock()
 			}
-		case <-self.quit:
-			return
 		}
 	}
 }