path: root/whisper/whisperv5/message.go

// Copyright 2016 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

// Contains the Whisper protocol Message element.

package whisperv5

import (
    "crypto/aes"
    "crypto/cipher"
    "crypto/ecdsa"
    crand "crypto/rand"
    "encoding/binary"
    "errors"
    "strconv"

    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/ecies"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
)

// Options specifies the exact way a message should be wrapped into an Envelope.
type MessageParams struct {
    TTL      uint32
    Src      *ecdsa.PrivateKey
    Dst      *ecdsa.PublicKey
    KeySym   []byte
    Topic    TopicType
    WorkTime uint32
    PoW      float64
    Payload  []byte
    Padding  []byte
}

// SentMessage represents an end-user data packet to transmit through the
// Whisper protocol. These are wrapped into Envelopes that need not be
// understood by intermediate nodes, just forwarded.
type sentMessage struct {
    Raw []byte
}

// ReceivedMessage represents a data packet to be received through the
// Whisper protocol.
type ReceivedMessage struct {
    Raw []byte

    Payload   []byte
    Padding   []byte
    Signature []byte

    PoW   float64          // Proof of work as described in the Whisper spec
    Sent  uint32           // Time when the message was posted into the network
    TTL   uint32           // Maximum time to live allowed for the message
    Src   *ecdsa.PublicKey // Message recipient (identity used to decode the message)
    Dst   *ecdsa.PublicKey // Message recipient (identity used to decode the message)
    Topic TopicType

    SymKeyHash      common.Hash // The Keccak256Hash of the key, associated with the Topic
    EnvelopeHash    common.Hash // Message envelope hash to act as a unique id
    EnvelopeVersion uint64
}

func isMessageSigned(flags byte) bool {
    return (flags & signatureFlag) != 0
}

func (msg *ReceivedMessage) isSymmetricEncryption() bool {
    return msg.SymKeyHash != common.Hash{}
}

func (msg *ReceivedMessage) isAsymmetricEncryption() bool {
    return msg.Dst != nil
}

// NewMessage creates and initializes a non-signed, non-encrypted Whisper message.
func NewSentMessage(params *MessageParams) (*sentMessage, error) {
    msg := sentMessage{}
    msg.Raw = make([]byte, 1, len(params.Payload)+len(params.Padding)+signatureLength+padSizeLimit)
    msg.Raw[0] = 0 // set all the flags to zero
    err := msg.appendPadding(params)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    msg.Raw = append(msg.Raw, params.Payload...)
    return &msg, nil
}

// getSizeOfLength returns the number of bytes necessary to encode the entire size padding (including these bytes)
func getSizeOfLength(b []byte) (sz int, err error) {
    sz = intSize(len(b))      // first iteration
    sz = intSize(len(b) + sz) // second iteration
    if sz > 3 {
        err = errors.New("oversized padding parameter")
    }
    return sz, err
}

// sizeOfIntSize returns minimal number of bytes necessary to encode an integer value
func intSize(i int) (s int) {
    for s = 1; i >= 256; s++ {
        i /= 256
    }
    return s
}

// appendPadding appends the pseudorandom padding bytes and sets the padding flag.
// The last byte contains the size of padding (thus, its size must not exceed 256).
func (msg *sentMessage) appendPadding(params *MessageParams) error {
    rawSize := len(params.Payload) + 1
    if params.Src != nil {
        rawSize += signatureLength
    }
    odd := rawSize % padSizeLimit

    if len(params.Padding) != 0 {
        padSize := len(params.Padding)
        padLengthSize, err := getSizeOfLength(params.Padding)
        if err != nil {
            return err
        }
        totalPadSize := padSize + padLengthSize
        buf := make([]byte, 8)
        binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(buf, uint32(totalPadSize))
        buf = buf[:padLengthSize]
        msg.Raw = append(msg.Raw, buf...)
        msg.Raw = append(msg.Raw, params.Padding...)
        msg.Raw[0] |= byte(padLengthSize) // number of bytes indicating the padding size
    } else if odd != 0 {
        totalPadSize := padSizeLimit - odd
        if totalPadSize > 255 {
            // this algorithm is only valid if padSizeLimit < 256.
            // if padSizeLimit will ever change, please fix the algorithm
            // (please see also ReceivedMessage.extractPadding() function).
            panic("please fix the padding algorithm before releasing new version")
        }
        buf := make([]byte, totalPadSize)
        _, err := crand.Read(buf[1:])
        if err != nil {
            return err
        }
        if totalPadSize > 6 && !validateSymmetricKey(buf) {
            return errors.New("failed to generate random padding of size " + strconv.Itoa(totalPadSize))
        }
        buf[0] = byte(totalPadSize)
        msg.Raw = append(msg.Raw, buf...)
        msg.Raw[0] |= byte(0x1) // number of bytes indicating the padding size
    }
    return nil
}

// sign calculates and sets the cryptographic signature for the message,
// also setting the sign flag.
func (msg *sentMessage) sign(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey) error {
    if isMessageSigned(msg.Raw[0]) {
        // this should not happen, but no reason to panic
        log.Error("failed to sign the message: already signed")
        return nil
    }

    msg.Raw[0] |= signatureFlag
    hash := crypto.Keccak256(msg.Raw)
    signature, err := crypto.Sign(hash, key)
    if err != nil {
        msg.Raw[0] &= ^signatureFlag // clear the flag
        return err
    }
    msg.Raw = append(msg.Raw, signature...)
    return nil
}

// encryptAsymmetric encrypts a message with a public key.
func (msg *sentMessage) encryptAsymmetric(key *ecdsa.PublicKey) error {
    if !ValidatePublicKey(key) {
        return errors.New("invalid public key provided for asymmetric encryption")
    }
    encrypted, err := ecies.Encrypt(crand.Reader, ecies.ImportECDSAPublic(key), msg.Raw, nil, nil)
    if err == nil {
        msg.Raw = encrypted
    }
    return err
}

// encryptSymmetric encrypts a message with a topic key, using AES-GCM-256.
// nonce size should be 12 bytes (see cipher.gcmStandardNonceSize).
func (msg *sentMessage) encryptSymmetric(key []byte) (nonce []byte, err error) {
    if !validateSymmetricKey(key) {
        return nil, errors.New("invalid key provided for symmetric encryption")
    }

    block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    aesgcm, err := cipher.NewGCM(block)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    // never use more than 2^32 random nonces with a given key
    nonce = make([]byte, aesgcm.NonceSize())
    _, err = crand.Read(nonce)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    } else if !validateSymmetricKey(nonce) {
        return nil, errors.New("crypto/rand failed to generate nonce")
    }

    msg.Raw = aesgcm.Seal(nil, nonce, msg.Raw, nil)
    return nonce, nil
}

// Wrap bundles the message into an Envelope to transmit over the network.
func (msg *sentMessage) Wrap(options *MessageParams) (envelope *Envelope, err error) {
    if options.TTL == 0 {
        options.TTL = DefaultTTL
    }
    if options.Src != nil {
        if err = msg.sign(options.Src); err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }
    }
    var nonce []byte
    if options.Dst != nil {
        err = msg.encryptAsymmetric(options.Dst)
    } else if options.KeySym != nil {
        nonce, err = msg.encryptSymmetric(options.KeySym)
    } else {
        err = errors.New("unable to encrypt the message: neither symmetric nor assymmetric key provided")
    }
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    envelope = NewEnvelope(options.TTL, options.Topic, nonce, msg)
    if err = envelope.Seal(options); err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    return envelope, nil
}

// decryptSymmetric decrypts a message with a topic key, using AES-GCM-256.
// nonce size should be 12 bytes (see cipher.gcmStandardNonceSize).
func (msg *ReceivedMessage) decryptSymmetric(key []byte, nonce []byte) error {
    block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    aesgcm, err := cipher.NewGCM(block)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    if len(nonce) != aesgcm.NonceSize() {
        log.Error("decrypting the message", "AES nonce size", len(nonce))
        return errors.New("wrong AES nonce size")
    }
    decrypted, err := aesgcm.Open(nil, nonce, msg.Raw, nil)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    msg.Raw = decrypted
    return nil
}

// decryptAsymmetric decrypts an encrypted payload with a private key.
func (msg *ReceivedMessage) decryptAsymmetric(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey) error {
    decrypted, err := ecies.ImportECDSA(key).Decrypt(crand.Reader, msg.Raw, nil, nil)
    if err == nil {
        msg.Raw = decrypted
    }
    return err
}

// Validate checks the validity and extracts the fields in case of success
func (msg *ReceivedMessage) Validate() bool {
    end := len(msg.Raw)
    if end < 1 {
        return false
    }

    if isMessageSigned(msg.Raw[0]) {
        end -= signatureLength
        if end <= 1 {
            return false
        }
        msg.Signature = msg.Raw[end:]
        msg.Src = msg.SigToPubKey()
        if msg.Src == nil {
            return false
        }
    }

    padSize, ok := msg.extractPadding(end)
    if !ok {
        return false
    }

    msg.Payload = msg.Raw[1+padSize : end]
    return true
}

// extractPadding extracts the padding from raw message.
// although we don't support sending messages with padding size
// exceeding 255 bytes, such messages are perfectly valid, and
// can be successfully decrypted.
func (msg *ReceivedMessage) extractPadding(end int) (int, bool) {
    paddingSize := 0
    sz := int(msg.Raw[0] & paddingMask) // number of bytes indicating the entire size of padding (including these bytes)
    // could be zero -- it means no padding
    if sz != 0 {
        paddingSize = int(bytesToUintLittleEndian(msg.Raw[1 : 1+sz]))
        if paddingSize < sz || paddingSize+1 > end {
            return 0, false
        }
        msg.Padding = msg.Raw[1+sz : 1+paddingSize]
    }
    return paddingSize, true
}

// Recover retrieves the public key of the message signer.
func (msg *ReceivedMessage) SigToPubKey() *ecdsa.PublicKey {
    defer func() { recover() }() // in case of invalid signature

    pub, err := crypto.SigToPub(msg.hash(), msg.Signature)
    if err != nil {
        log.Error("failed to recover public key from signature", "err", err)
        return nil
    }
    return pub
}

// hash calculates the SHA3 checksum of the message flags, payload and padding.
func (msg *ReceivedMessage) hash() []byte {
    if isMessageSigned(msg.Raw[0]) {
        sz := len(msg.Raw) - signatureLength
        return crypto.Keccak256(msg.Raw[:sz])
    }
    return crypto.Keccak256(msg.Raw)
}