path: root/miner/worker.go

// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package miner

import (
    "bytes"
    "fmt"
    "math/big"
    "sync"
    "sync/atomic"
    "time"

    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pow"
    "gopkg.in/fatih/set.v0"
)

const (
    resultQueueSize  = 10
    miningLogAtDepth = 5
)

// Agent can register themself with the worker
type Agent interface {
    Work() chan<- *Work
    SetReturnCh(chan<- *Result)
    Stop()
    Start()
    GetHashRate() int64
}

// Work is the workers current environment and holds
// all of the current state information
type Work struct {
    config *params.ChainConfig
    signer types.Signer

    state         *state.StateDB // apply state changes here
    ancestors     *set.Set       // ancestor set (used for checking uncle parent validity)
    family        *set.Set       // family set (used for checking uncle invalidity)
    uncles        *set.Set       // uncle set
    tcount        int            // tx count in cycle
    ownedAccounts *set.Set
    lowGasTxs     types.Transactions
    failedTxs     types.Transactions

    Block *types.Block // the new block

    header   *types.Header
    txs      []*types.Transaction
    receipts []*types.Receipt

    createdAt time.Time
}

type Result struct {
    Work  *Work
    Block *types.Block
}

// worker is the main object which takes care of applying messages to the new state
type worker struct {
    config *params.ChainConfig

    mu sync.Mutex

    // update loop
    mux    *event.TypeMux
    events *event.TypeMuxSubscription
    wg     sync.WaitGroup

    agents map[Agent]struct{}
    recv   chan *Result
    pow    pow.PoW

    eth     Backend
    chain   *core.BlockChain
    proc    core.Validator
    chainDb ethdb.Database

    coinbase common.Address
    gasPrice *big.Int
    extra    []byte

    currentMu sync.Mutex
    current   *Work

    uncleMu        sync.Mutex
    possibleUncles map[common.Hash]*types.Block

    txQueueMu sync.Mutex
    txQueue   map[common.Hash]*types.Transaction

    unconfirmed *unconfirmedBlocks // set of locally mined blocks pending canonicalness confirmations

    // atomic status counters
    mining int32
    atWork int32

    fullValidation bool
}

func newWorker(config *params.ChainConfig, coinbase common.Address, eth Backend, mux *event.TypeMux) *worker {
    worker := &worker{
        config:         config,
        eth:            eth,
        mux:            mux,
        chainDb:        eth.ChainDb(),
        recv:           make(chan *Result, resultQueueSize),
        gasPrice:       new(big.Int),
        chain:          eth.BlockChain(),
        proc:           eth.BlockChain().Validator(),
        possibleUncles: make(map[common.Hash]*types.Block),
        coinbase:       coinbase,
        txQueue:        make(map[common.Hash]*types.Transaction),
        agents:         make(map[Agent]struct{}),
        unconfirmed:    newUnconfirmedBlocks(eth.BlockChain(), 5),
        fullValidation: false,
    }
    worker.events = worker.mux.Subscribe(core.ChainHeadEvent{}, core.ChainSideEvent{}, core.TxPreEvent{})
    go worker.update()

    go worker.wait()
    worker.commitNewWork()

    return worker
}

func (self *worker) setEtherbase(addr common.Address) {
    self.mu.Lock()
    defer self.mu.Unlock()
    self.coinbase = addr
}

func (self *worker) setExtra(extra []byte) {
    self.mu.Lock()
    defer self.mu.Unlock()
    self.extra = extra
}

func (self *worker) pending() (*types.Block, *state.StateDB) {
    self.currentMu.Lock()
    defer self.currentMu.Unlock()

    if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) == 0 {
        return types.NewBlock(
            self.current.header,
            self.current.txs,
            nil,
            self.current.receipts,
        ), self.current.state.Copy()
    }
    return self.current.Block, self.current.state.Copy()
}

func (self *worker) pendingBlock() *types.Block {
    self.currentMu.Lock()
    defer self.currentMu.Unlock()

    if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) == 0 {
        return types.NewBlock(
            self.current.header,
            self.current.txs,
            nil,
            self.current.receipts,
        )
    }
    return self.current.Block
}

func (self *worker) start() {
    self.mu.Lock()
    defer self.mu.Unlock()

    atomic.StoreInt32(&self.mining, 1)

    // spin up agents
    for agent := range self.agents {
        agent.Start()
    }
}

func (self *worker) stop() {
    self.wg.Wait()

    self.mu.Lock()
    defer self.mu.Unlock()
    if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) == 1 {
        // Stop all agents.
        for agent := range self.agents {
            agent.Stop()
            // Remove CPU agents.
            if _, ok := agent.(*CpuAgent); ok {
                delete(self.agents, agent)
            }
        }
    }

    atomic.StoreInt32(&self.mining, 0)
    atomic.StoreInt32(&self.atWork, 0)
}

func (self *worker) register(agent Agent) {
    self.mu.Lock()
    defer self.mu.Unlock()
    self.agents[agent] = struct{}{}
    agent.SetReturnCh(self.recv)
}

func (self *worker) unregister(agent Agent) {
    self.mu.Lock()
    defer self.mu.Unlock()
    delete(self.agents, agent)
    agent.Stop()
}

func (self *worker) update() {
    for event := range self.events.Chan() {
        // A real event arrived, process interesting content
        switch ev := event.Data.(type) {
        case core.ChainHeadEvent:
            self.commitNewWork()
        case core.ChainSideEvent:
            self.uncleMu.Lock()
            self.possibleUncles[ev.Block.Hash()] = ev.Block
            self.uncleMu.Unlock()
        case core.TxPreEvent:
            // Apply transaction to the pending state if we're not mining
            if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) == 0 {
                self.currentMu.Lock()

                acc, _ := types.Sender(self.current.signer, ev.Tx)
                txs := map[common.Address]types.Transactions{acc: {ev.Tx}}
                txset := types.NewTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(txs)

                self.current.commitTransactions(self.mux, txset, self.gasPrice, self.chain)
                self.currentMu.Unlock()
            }
        }
    }
}

func (self *worker) wait() {
    for {
        mustCommitNewWork := true
        for result := range self.recv {
            atomic.AddInt32(&self.atWork, -1)

            if result == nil {
                continue
            }
            block := result.Block
            work := result.Work

            if self.fullValidation {
                if _, err := self.chain.InsertChain(types.Blocks{block}); err != nil {
                    log.Error(fmt.Sprint("mining err", err))
                    continue
                }
                go self.mux.Post(core.NewMinedBlockEvent{Block: block})
            } else {
                work.state.Commit(self.config.IsEIP158(block.Number()))
                parent := self.chain.GetBlock(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
                if parent == nil {
                    log.Error(fmt.Sprint("Invalid block found during mining"))
                    continue
                }

                auxValidator := self.eth.BlockChain().AuxValidator()
                if err := core.ValidateHeader(self.config, auxValidator, block.Header(), parent.Header(), true, false); err != nil && err != core.BlockFutureErr {
                    log.Error(fmt.Sprint("Invalid header on mined block:", err))
                    continue
                }

                stat, err := self.chain.WriteBlock(block)
                if err != nil {
                    log.Error(fmt.Sprint("error writing block to chain", err))
                    continue
                }

                // update block hash since it is now available and not when the receipt/log of individual transactions were created
                for _, r := range work.receipts {
                    for _, l := range r.Logs {
                        l.BlockHash = block.Hash()
                    }
                }
                for _, log := range work.state.Logs() {
                    log.BlockHash = block.Hash()
                }

                // check if canon block and write transactions
                if stat == core.CanonStatTy {
                    // This puts transactions in a extra db for rpc
                    core.WriteTransactions(self.chainDb, block)
                    // store the receipts
                    core.WriteReceipts(self.chainDb, work.receipts)
                    // Write map map bloom filters
                    core.WriteMipmapBloom(self.chainDb, block.NumberU64(), work.receipts)
                    // implicit by posting ChainHeadEvent
                    mustCommitNewWork = false
                }

                // broadcast before waiting for validation
                go func(block *types.Block, logs []*types.Log, receipts []*types.Receipt) {
                    self.mux.Post(core.NewMinedBlockEvent{Block: block})
                    self.mux.Post(core.ChainEvent{Block: block, Hash: block.Hash(), Logs: logs})

                    if stat == core.CanonStatTy {
                        self.mux.Post(core.ChainHeadEvent{Block: block})
                        self.mux.Post(logs)
                    }
                    if err := core.WriteBlockReceipts(self.chainDb, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), receipts); err != nil {
                        log.Warn(fmt.Sprint("error writing block receipts:", err))
                    }
                }(block, work.state.Logs(), work.receipts)
            }
            // Insert the block into the set of pending ones to wait for confirmations
            self.unconfirmed.Insert(block.NumberU64(), block.Hash())

            if mustCommitNewWork {
                self.commitNewWork()
            }
        }
    }
}

// push sends a new work task to currently live miner agents.
func (self *worker) push(work *Work) {
    if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) != 1 {
        return
    }
    for agent := range self.agents {
        atomic.AddInt32(&self.atWork, 1)
        if ch := agent.Work(); ch != nil {
            ch <- work
        }
    }
}

// makeCurrent creates a new environment for the current cycle.
func (self *worker) makeCurrent(parent *types.Block, header *types.Header) error {
    state, err := self.chain.StateAt(parent.Root())
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    work := &Work{
        config:    self.config,
        signer:    types.NewEIP155Signer(self.config.ChainId),
        state:     state,
        ancestors: set.New(),
        family:    set.New(),
        uncles:    set.New(),
        header:    header,
        createdAt: time.Now(),
    }

    // when 08 is processed ancestors contain 07 (quick block)
    for _, ancestor := range self.chain.GetBlocksFromHash(parent.Hash(), 7) {
        for _, uncle := range ancestor.Uncles() {
            work.family.Add(uncle.Hash())
        }
        work.family.Add(ancestor.Hash())
        work.ancestors.Add(ancestor.Hash())
    }
    wallets := self.eth.AccountManager().Wallets()
    accounts := make([]accounts.Account, 0, len(wallets))
    for _, wallet := range wallets {
        accounts = append(accounts, wallet.Accounts()...)
    }
    // Keep track of transactions which return errors so they can be removed
    work.tcount = 0
    work.ownedAccounts = accountAddressesSet(accounts)
    self.current = work
    return nil
}

func (w *worker) setGasPrice(p *big.Int) {
    w.mu.Lock()
    defer w.mu.Unlock()

    // calculate the minimal gas price the miner accepts when sorting out transactions.
    const pct = int64(90)
    w.gasPrice = gasprice(p, pct)

    w.mux.Post(core.GasPriceChanged{Price: w.gasPrice})
}

func (self *worker) commitNewWork() {
    self.mu.Lock()
    defer self.mu.Unlock()
    self.uncleMu.Lock()
    defer self.uncleMu.Unlock()
    self.currentMu.Lock()
    defer self.currentMu.Unlock()

    tstart := time.Now()
    parent := self.chain.CurrentBlock()

    tstamp := tstart.Unix()
    if parent.Time().Cmp(new(big.Int).SetInt64(tstamp)) >= 0 {
        tstamp = parent.Time().Int64() + 1
    }
    // this will ensure we're not going off too far in the future
    if now := time.Now().Unix(); tstamp > now+4 {
        wait := time.Duration(tstamp-now) * time.Second
        log.Info(fmt.Sprint("We are too far in the future. Waiting for", wait))
        time.Sleep(wait)
    }

    num := parent.Number()
    header := &types.Header{
        ParentHash: parent.Hash(),
        Number:     num.Add(num, common.Big1),
        Difficulty: core.CalcDifficulty(self.config, uint64(tstamp), parent.Time().Uint64(), parent.Number(), parent.Difficulty()),
        GasLimit:   core.CalcGasLimit(parent),
        GasUsed:    new(big.Int),
        Coinbase:   self.coinbase,
        Extra:      self.extra,
        Time:       big.NewInt(tstamp),
    }
    // If we are care about TheDAO hard-fork check whether to override the extra-data or not
    if daoBlock := self.config.DAOForkBlock; daoBlock != nil {
        // Check whether the block is among the fork extra-override range
        limit := new(big.Int).Add(daoBlock, params.DAOForkExtraRange)
        if header.Number.Cmp(daoBlock) >= 0 && header.Number.Cmp(limit) < 0 {
            // Depending whether we support or oppose the fork, override differently
            if self.config.DAOForkSupport {
                header.Extra = common.CopyBytes(params.DAOForkBlockExtra)
            } else if bytes.Equal(header.Extra, params.DAOForkBlockExtra) {
                header.Extra = []byte{} // If miner opposes, don't let it use the reserved extra-data
            }
        }
    }
    // Could potentially happen if starting to mine in an odd state.
    err := self.makeCurrent(parent, header)
    if err != nil {
        log.Info(fmt.Sprint("Could not create new env for mining, retrying on next block."))
        return
    }
    // Create the current work task and check any fork transitions needed
    work := self.current
    if self.config.DAOForkSupport && self.config.DAOForkBlock != nil && self.config.DAOForkBlock.Cmp(header.Number) == 0 {
        core.ApplyDAOHardFork(work.state)
    }

    pending, err := self.eth.TxPool().Pending()
    if err != nil {
        log.Error(fmt.Sprintf("Could not fetch pending transactions: %v", err))
        return
    }

    txs := types.NewTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(pending)
    work.commitTransactions(self.mux, txs, self.gasPrice, self.chain)

    self.eth.TxPool().RemoveBatch(work.lowGasTxs)
    self.eth.TxPool().RemoveBatch(work.failedTxs)

    // compute uncles for the new block.
    var (
        uncles    []*types.Header
        badUncles []common.Hash
    )
    for hash, uncle := range self.possibleUncles {
        if len(uncles) == 2 {
            break
        }
        if err := self.commitUncle(work, uncle.Header()); err != nil {
            log.Trace(fmt.Sprintf("Bad uncle found and will be removed (%x)\n", hash[:4]))
            log.Trace(fmt.Sprint(uncle))

            badUncles = append(badUncles, hash)
        } else {
            log.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("committing %x as uncle\n", hash[:4]))
            uncles = append(uncles, uncle.Header())
        }
    }
    for _, hash := range badUncles {
        delete(self.possibleUncles, hash)
    }

    if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) == 1 {
        // commit state root after all state transitions.
        core.AccumulateRewards(work.state, header, uncles)
        header.Root = work.state.IntermediateRoot(self.config.IsEIP158(header.Number))
    }

    // create the new block whose nonce will be mined.
    work.Block = types.NewBlock(header, work.txs, uncles, work.receipts)

    // We only care about logging if we're actually mining.
    if atomic.LoadInt32(&self.mining) == 1 {
        log.Info(fmt.Sprintf("commit new work on block %v with %d txs & %d uncles. Took %v\n", work.Block.Number(), work.tcount, len(uncles), time.Since(tstart)))
        self.unconfirmed.Shift(work.Block.NumberU64() - 1)
    }
    self.push(work)
}

func (self *worker) commitUncle(work *Work, uncle *types.Header) error {
    hash := uncle.Hash()
    if work.uncles.Has(hash) {
        return core.UncleError("Uncle not unique")
    }
    if !work.ancestors.Has(uncle.ParentHash) {
        return core.UncleError(fmt.Sprintf("Uncle's parent unknown (%x)", uncle.ParentHash[0:4]))
    }
    if work.family.Has(hash) {
        return core.UncleError(fmt.Sprintf("Uncle already in family (%x)", hash))
    }
    work.uncles.Add(uncle.Hash())
    return nil
}

func (env *Work) commitTransactions(mux *event.TypeMux, txs *types.TransactionsByPriceAndNonce, gasPrice *big.Int, bc *core.BlockChain) {
    gp := new(core.GasPool).AddGas(env.header.GasLimit)

    var coalescedLogs []*types.Log

    for {
        // Retrieve the next transaction and abort if all done
        tx := txs.Peek()
        if tx == nil {
            break
        }
        // Error may be ignored here. The error has already been checked
        // during transaction acceptance is the transaction pool.
        //
        // We use the eip155 signer regardless of the current hf.
        from, _ := types.Sender(env.signer, tx)
        // Check whether the tx is replay protected. If we're not in the EIP155 hf
        // phase, start ignoring the sender until we do.
        if tx.Protected() && !env.config.IsEIP155(env.header.Number) {
            log.Trace(fmt.Sprintf("Transaction (%x) is replay protected, but we haven't yet hardforked. Transaction will be ignored until we hardfork.\n", tx.Hash()))

            txs.Pop()
            continue
        }

        // Ignore any transactions (and accounts subsequently) with low gas limits
        if tx.GasPrice().Cmp(gasPrice) < 0 && !env.ownedAccounts.Has(from) {
            // Pop the current low-priced transaction without shifting in the next from the account
            log.Info(fmt.Sprintf("Transaction (%x) below gas price (tx=%dwei ask=%dwei). All sequential txs from this address(%x) will be ignored\n", tx.Hash().Bytes()[:4], tx.GasPrice(), gasPrice, from[:4]))

            env.lowGasTxs = append(env.lowGasTxs, tx)
            txs.Pop()

            continue
        }
        // Start executing the transaction
        env.state.StartRecord(tx.Hash(), common.Hash{}, env.tcount)

        err, logs := env.commitTransaction(tx, bc, gp)
        switch {
        case core.IsGasLimitErr(err):
            // Pop the current out-of-gas transaction without shifting in the next from the account
            log.Trace(fmt.Sprintf("Gas limit reached for (%x) in this block. Continue to try smaller txs\n", from[:4]))
            txs.Pop()

        case err != nil:
            // Pop the current failed transaction without shifting in the next from the account
            log.Trace(fmt.Sprintf("Transaction (%x) failed, will be removed: %v\n", tx.Hash().Bytes()[:4], err))
            env.failedTxs = append(env.failedTxs, tx)
            txs.Pop()

        default:
            // Everything ok, collect the logs and shift in the next transaction from the same account
            coalescedLogs = append(coalescedLogs, logs...)
            env.tcount++
            txs.Shift()
        }
    }

    if len(coalescedLogs) > 0 || env.tcount > 0 {
        // make a copy, the state caches the logs and these logs get "upgraded" from pending to mined
        // logs by filling in the block hash when the block was mined by the local miner. This can
        // cause a race condition if a log was "upgraded" before the PendingLogsEvent is processed.
        cpy := make([]*types.Log, len(coalescedLogs))
        for i, l := range coalescedLogs {
            cpy[i] = new(types.Log)
            *cpy[i] = *l
        }
        go func(logs []*types.Log, tcount int) {
            if len(logs) > 0 {
                mux.Post(core.PendingLogsEvent{Logs: logs})
            }
            if tcount > 0 {
                mux.Post(core.PendingStateEvent{})
            }
        }(cpy, env.tcount)
    }
}

func (env *Work) commitTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, bc *core.BlockChain, gp *core.GasPool) (error, []*types.Log) {
    snap := env.state.Snapshot()

    receipt, _, err := core.ApplyTransaction(env.config, bc, gp, env.state, env.header, tx, env.header.GasUsed, vm.Config{})
    if err != nil {
        env.state.RevertToSnapshot(snap)
        return err, nil
    }
    env.txs = append(env.txs, tx)
    env.receipts = append(env.receipts, receipt)

    return nil, receipt.Logs
}

// TODO: remove or use
func (self *worker) HashRate() int64 {
    return 0
}

// gasprice calculates a reduced gas price based on the pct
// XXX Use big.Rat?
func gasprice(price *big.Int, pct int64) *big.Int {
    p := new(big.Int).Set(price)
    p.Div(p, big.NewInt(100))
    p.Mul(p, big.NewInt(pct))
    return p
}

func accountAddressesSet(accounts []accounts.Account) *set.Set {
    accountSet := set.New()
    for _, account := range accounts {
        accountSet.Add(account.Address)
    }
    return accountSet
}