path: root/ethchain/state_transition.go

package ethchain

import (
    "bytes"
    "fmt"
    "github.com/ethereum/eth-go/ethutil"
    "math/big"
)

/*
 * The State transitioning model
 *
 * A state transition is a change made when a transaction is applied to the current world state
 * The state transitioning model does all all the necessary work to work out a valid new state root.
 * 1) Nonce handling
 * 2) Pre pay / buy gas of the coinbase (miner)
 * 3) Create a new state object if the recipient is \0*32
 * 4) Value transfer
 * == If contract creation ==
 * 4a) Attempt to run transaction data
 * 4b) If valid, use result as code for the new state object
 * == end ==
 * 5) Run Script section
 * 6) Derive new state root
 */
type StateTransition struct {
    coinbase, receiver []byte
    tx                 *Transaction
    gas, gasPrice      *big.Int
    value              *big.Int
    data               []byte
    state              *State
    block              *Block

    cb, rec, sen *StateObject
}

func NewStateTransition(coinbase *StateObject, tx *Transaction, state *State, block *Block) *StateTransition {
    return &StateTransition{coinbase.Address(), tx.Recipient, tx, new(big.Int), new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasPrice), tx.Value, tx.Data, state, block, coinbase, nil, nil}
}

func (self *StateTransition) Coinbase() *StateObject {
    if self.cb != nil {
        return self.cb
    }

    self.cb = self.state.GetAccount(self.coinbase)
    return self.cb
}
func (self *StateTransition) Sender() *StateObject {
    if self.sen != nil {
        return self.sen
    }

    self.sen = self.state.GetAccount(self.tx.Sender())
    return self.sen
}
func (self *StateTransition) Receiver() *StateObject {
    if self.tx != nil && self.tx.CreatesContract() {
        return nil
    }

    if self.rec != nil {
        return self.rec
    }

    self.rec = self.state.GetAccount(self.tx.Recipient)
    return self.rec
}

func (self *StateTransition) MakeStateObject(state *State, tx *Transaction) *StateObject {
    contract := MakeContract(tx, state)

    return contract
}

func (self *StateTransition) UseGas(amount *big.Int) error {
    if self.gas.Cmp(amount) < 0 {
        return OutOfGasError()
    }
    self.gas.Sub(self.gas, amount)

    return nil
}

func (self *StateTransition) AddGas(amount *big.Int) {
    self.gas.Add(self.gas, amount)
}

func (self *StateTransition) BuyGas() error {
    var err error

    sender := self.Sender()
    if sender.Amount.Cmp(self.tx.GasValue()) < 0 {
        return fmt.Errorf("Insufficient funds to pre-pay gas. Req %v, has %v", self.tx.GasValue(), sender.Amount)
    }

    coinbase := self.Coinbase()
    err = coinbase.BuyGas(self.tx.Gas, self.tx.GasPrice)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    self.AddGas(self.tx.Gas)
    sender.SubAmount(self.tx.GasValue())

    return nil
}

func (self *StateTransition) RefundGas() {
    coinbase, sender := self.Coinbase(), self.Sender()
    coinbase.RefundGas(self.gas, self.tx.GasPrice)

    // Return remaining gas
    remaining := new(big.Int).Mul(self.gas, self.tx.GasPrice)
    sender.AddAmount(remaining)
}

func (self *StateTransition) preCheck() (err error) {
    var (
        tx     = self.tx
        sender = self.Sender()
    )

    // Make sure this transaction's nonce is correct
    if sender.Nonce != tx.Nonce {
        return NonceError(tx.Nonce, sender.Nonce)
    }

    // Pre-pay gas / Buy gas of the coinbase account
    if err = self.BuyGas(); err != nil {
        return err
    }

    return nil
}

func (self *StateTransition) TransitionState() (err error) {
    statelogger.Infof("(~) %x\n", self.tx.Hash())

    /*
        defer func() {
            if r := recover(); r != nil {
                logger.Infoln(r)
                err = fmt.Errorf("state transition err %v", r)
            }
        }()
    */

    // XXX Transactions after this point are considered valid.
    if err = self.preCheck(); err != nil {
        return
    }

    var (
        tx       = self.tx
        sender   = self.Sender()
        receiver *StateObject
    )

    defer self.RefundGas()

    // Increment the nonce for the next transaction
    sender.Nonce += 1

    receiver = self.Receiver()

    // Transaction gas
    if err = self.UseGas(GasTx); err != nil {
        return
    }

    // Pay data gas
    dataPrice := big.NewInt(int64(len(self.data)))
    dataPrice.Mul(dataPrice, GasData)
    if err = self.UseGas(dataPrice); err != nil {
        return
    }

    // If the receiver is nil it's a contract (\0*32).
    if receiver == nil {
        // Create a new state object for the contract
        receiver = self.MakeStateObject(self.state, tx)
        if receiver == nil {
            return fmt.Errorf("Unable to create contract")
        }
    }

    // Transfer value from sender to receiver
    if err = self.transferValue(sender, receiver); err != nil {
        return
    }

    // Process the init code and create 'valid' contract
    if IsContractAddr(self.receiver) {
        // Evaluate the initialization script
        // and use the return value as the
        // script section for the state object.
        self.data = nil

        code, err, deepErr := self.Eval(receiver.Init(), receiver)
        if err != nil || deepErr {
            self.state.ResetStateObject(receiver)

            return fmt.Errorf("Error during init script run %v (deepErr = %v)", err, deepErr)
        }

        receiver.script = code
    } else {
        if len(receiver.Script()) > 0 {
            var deepErr bool
            _, err, deepErr = self.Eval(receiver.Script(), receiver)
            if err != nil {
                self.state.ResetStateObject(receiver)

                return fmt.Errorf("Error during code execution %v (deepErr = %v)", err, deepErr)
            }
        }
    }

    return
}

func (self *StateTransition) transferValue(sender, receiver *StateObject) error {
    if sender.Amount.Cmp(self.value) < 0 {
        return fmt.Errorf("Insufficient funds to transfer value. Req %v, has %v", self.value, sender.Amount)
    }

    // Subtract the amount from the senders account
    sender.SubAmount(self.value)
    // Add the amount to receivers account which should conclude this transaction
    receiver.AddAmount(self.value)

    return nil
}

func (self *StateTransition) Eval(script []byte, context *StateObject) (ret []byte, err error, deepErr bool) {
    var (
        block     = self.block
        initiator = self.Sender()
        state     = self.state
    )

    closure := NewClosure(initiator, context, script, state, self.gas, self.gasPrice)
    vm := NewVm(state, nil, RuntimeVars{
        Origin:      initiator.Address(),
        Block:       block,
        BlockNumber: block.Number,
        PrevHash:    block.PrevHash,
        Coinbase:    block.Coinbase,
        Time:        block.Time,
        Diff:        block.Difficulty,
        Value:       self.value,
    })
    vm.Verbose = true
    ret, _, err = closure.Call(vm, self.data, nil)
    deepErr = vm.err != nil

    /*
        var testAddr = ethutil.FromHex("ec4f34c97e43fbb2816cfd95e388353c7181dab1")
        if bytes.Compare(testAddr, context.Address()) == 0 {
            trie := context.state.trie
            trie.NewIterator().Each(func(key string, v *ethutil.Value) {
                v.Decode()
                fmt.Printf("%x : %x\n", key, v.Str())
            })
            fmt.Println("\n\n")
        }
    */

    Paranoia := ethutil.Config.Paranoia
    if Paranoia {
        var (
            trie  = context.state.trie
            trie2 = ethutil.NewTrie(ethutil.Config.Db, "")
        )

        trie.NewIterator().Each(func(key string, v *ethutil.Value) {
            trie2.Update(key, v.Str())
        })

        a := ethutil.NewValue(trie2.Root).Bytes()
        b := ethutil.NewValue(context.state.trie.Root).Bytes()
        if bytes.Compare(a, b) != 0 {
            /*
                statelogger.Debugf("(o): %x\n", trie.Root)
                trie.NewIterator().Each(func(key string, v *ethutil.Value) {
                    v.Decode()
                    statelogger.Debugf("%x : %x\n", key, v.Str())
                })

                statelogger.Debugf("(c): %x\n", trie2.Root)
                trie2.NewIterator().Each(func(key string, v *ethutil.Value) {
                    v.Decode()
                    statelogger.Debugf("%x : %x\n", key, v.Str())
                })
            */

            return nil, fmt.Errorf("PARANOIA: Different state object roots during copy"), false
        }
    }

    return
}