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// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
/*
Package html implements an HTML5-compliant tokenizer and parser.
Tokenization is done by creating a Tokenizer for an io.Reader r. It is the
caller's responsibility to ensure that r provides UTF-8 encoded HTML.
z := html.NewTokenizer(r)
Given a Tokenizer z, the HTML is tokenized by repeatedly calling z.Next(),
which parses the next token and returns its type, or an error:
for {
tt := z.Next()
if tt == html.ErrorToken {
// ...
return ...
}
// Process the current token.
}
There are two APIs for retrieving the current token. The high-level API is to
call Token; the low-level API is to call Text or TagName / TagAttr. Both APIs
allow optionally calling Raw after Next but before Token, Text, TagName, or
TagAttr. In EBNF notation, the valid call sequence per token is:
Next {Raw} [ Token | Text | TagName {TagAttr} ]
Token returns an independent data structure that completely describes a token.
Entities (such as "<") are unescaped, tag names and attribute keys are
lower-cased, and attributes are collected into a []Attribute. For example:
for {
if z.Next() == html.ErrorToken {
// Returning io.EOF indicates success.
return z.Err()
}
emitToken(z.Token())
}
The low-level API performs fewer allocations and copies, but the contents of
the []byte values returned by Text, TagName and TagAttr may change on the next
call to Next. For example, to extract an HTML page's anchor text:
depth := 0
for {
tt := z.Next()
switch tt {
case ErrorToken:
return z.Err()
case TextToken:
if depth > 0 {
// emitBytes should copy the []byte it receives,
// if it doesn't process it immediately.
emitBytes(z.Text())
}
case StartTagToken, EndTagToken:
tn, _ := z.TagName()
if len(tn) == 1 && tn[0] == 'a' {
if tt == StartTagToken {
depth++
} else {
depth--
}
}
}
}
Parsing is done by calling Parse with an io.Reader, which returns the root of
the parse tree (the document element) as a *Node. It is the caller's
responsibility to ensure that the Reader provides UTF-8 encoded HTML. For
example, to process each anchor node in depth-first order:
doc, err := html.Parse(r)
if err != nil {
// ...
}
var f func(*html.Node)
f = func(n *html.Node) {
if n.Type == html.ElementNode && n.Data == "a" {
// Do something with n...
}
for c := n.FirstChild; c != nil; c = c.NextSibling {
f(c)
}
}
f(doc)
The relevant specifications include:
https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html and
https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#tokenization
*/
package html
// The tokenization algorithm implemented by this package is not a line-by-line
// transliteration of the relatively verbose state-machine in the WHATWG
// specification. A more direct approach is used instead, where the program
// counter implies the state, such as whether it is tokenizing a tag or a text
// node. Specification compliance is verified by checking expected and actual
// outputs over a test suite rather than aiming for algorithmic fidelity.
// TODO(nigeltao): Does a DOM API belong in this package or a separate one?
// TODO(nigeltao): How does parsing interact with a JavaScript engine?
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