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-rw-r--r--p2p/discover/table.go484
1 files changed, 334 insertions, 150 deletions
diff --git a/p2p/discover/table.go b/p2p/discover/table.go
index ec4eb94ad..84c54dac1 100644
--- a/p2p/discover/table.go
+++ b/p2p/discover/table.go
@@ -23,10 +23,11 @@
package discover
import (
- "crypto/rand"
+ crand "crypto/rand"
"encoding/binary"
"errors"
"fmt"
+ mrand "math/rand"
"net"
"sort"
"sync"
@@ -35,29 +36,45 @@ import (
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+ "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/p2p/netutil"
)
const (
- alpha = 3 // Kademlia concurrency factor
- bucketSize = 16 // Kademlia bucket size
- hashBits = len(common.Hash{}) * 8
- nBuckets = hashBits + 1 // Number of buckets
-
- maxBondingPingPongs = 16
- maxFindnodeFailures = 5
-
- autoRefreshInterval = 1 * time.Hour
- seedCount = 30
- seedMaxAge = 5 * 24 * time.Hour
+ alpha = 3 // Kademlia concurrency factor
+ bucketSize = 16 // Kademlia bucket size
+ maxReplacements = 10 // Size of per-bucket replacement list
+
+ // We keep buckets for the upper 1/15 of distances because
+ // it's very unlikely we'll ever encounter a node that's closer.
+ hashBits = len(common.Hash{}) * 8
+ nBuckets = hashBits / 15 // Number of buckets
+ bucketMinDistance = hashBits - nBuckets // Log distance of closest bucket
+
+ // IP address limits.
+ bucketIPLimit, bucketSubnet = 2, 24 // at most 2 addresses from the same /24
+ tableIPLimit, tableSubnet = 10, 24
+
+ maxBondingPingPongs = 16 // Limit on the number of concurrent ping/pong interactions
+ maxFindnodeFailures = 5 // Nodes exceeding this limit are dropped
+
+ refreshInterval = 30 * time.Minute
+ revalidateInterval = 10 * time.Second
+ copyNodesInterval = 30 * time.Second
+ seedMinTableTime = 5 * time.Minute
+ seedCount = 30
+ seedMaxAge = 5 * 24 * time.Hour
)
type Table struct {
- mutex sync.Mutex // protects buckets, their content, and nursery
+ mutex sync.Mutex // protects buckets, bucket content, nursery, rand
buckets [nBuckets]*bucket // index of known nodes by distance
nursery []*Node // bootstrap nodes
- db *nodeDB // database of known nodes
+ rand *mrand.Rand // source of randomness, periodically reseeded
+ ips netutil.DistinctNetSet
+ db *nodeDB // database of known nodes
refreshReq chan chan struct{}
+ initDone chan struct{}
closeReq chan struct{}
closed chan struct{}
@@ -89,9 +106,13 @@ type transport interface {
// bucket contains nodes, ordered by their last activity. the entry
// that was most recently active is the first element in entries.
-type bucket struct{ entries []*Node }
+type bucket struct {
+ entries []*Node // live entries, sorted by time of last contact
+ replacements []*Node // recently seen nodes to be used if revalidation fails
+ ips netutil.DistinctNetSet
+}
-func newTable(t transport, ourID NodeID, ourAddr *net.UDPAddr, nodeDBPath string) (*Table, error) {
+func newTable(t transport, ourID NodeID, ourAddr *net.UDPAddr, nodeDBPath string, bootnodes []*Node) (*Table, error) {
// If no node database was given, use an in-memory one
db, err := newNodeDB(nodeDBPath, Version, ourID)
if err != nil {
@@ -104,19 +125,42 @@ func newTable(t transport, ourID NodeID, ourAddr *net.UDPAddr, nodeDBPath string
bonding: make(map[NodeID]*bondproc),
bondslots: make(chan struct{}, maxBondingPingPongs),
refreshReq: make(chan chan struct{}),
+ initDone: make(chan struct{}),
closeReq: make(chan struct{}),
closed: make(chan struct{}),
+ rand: mrand.New(mrand.NewSource(0)),
+ ips: netutil.DistinctNetSet{Subnet: tableSubnet, Limit: tableIPLimit},
+ }
+ if err := tab.setFallbackNodes(bootnodes); err != nil {
+ return nil, err
}
for i := 0; i < cap(tab.bondslots); i++ {
tab.bondslots <- struct{}{}
}
for i := range tab.buckets {
- tab.buckets[i] = new(bucket)
+ tab.buckets[i] = &bucket{
+ ips: netutil.DistinctNetSet{Subnet: bucketSubnet, Limit: bucketIPLimit},
+ }
}
- go tab.refreshLoop()
+ tab.seedRand()
+ tab.loadSeedNodes(false)
+ // Start the background expiration goroutine after loading seeds so that the search for
+ // seed nodes also considers older nodes that would otherwise be removed by the
+ // expiration.
+ tab.db.ensureExpirer()
+ go tab.loop()
return tab, nil
}
+func (tab *Table) seedRand() {
+ var b [8]byte
+ crand.Read(b[:])
+
+ tab.mutex.Lock()
+ tab.rand.Seed(int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint64(b[:])))
+ tab.mutex.Unlock()
+}
+
// Self returns the local node.
// The returned node should not be modified by the caller.
func (tab *Table) Self() *Node {
@@ -127,9 +171,12 @@ func (tab *Table) Self() *Node {
// table. It will not write the same node more than once. The nodes in
// the slice are copies and can be modified by the caller.
func (tab *Table) ReadRandomNodes(buf []*Node) (n int) {
+ if !tab.isInitDone() {
+ return 0
+ }
tab.mutex.Lock()
defer tab.mutex.Unlock()
- // TODO: tree-based buckets would help here
+
// Find all non-empty buckets and get a fresh slice of their entries.
var buckets [][]*Node
for _, b := range tab.buckets {
@@ -141,8 +188,8 @@ func (tab *Table) ReadRandomNodes(buf []*Node) (n int) {
return 0
}
// Shuffle the buckets.
- for i := uint32(len(buckets)) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
- j := randUint(i)
+ for i := len(buckets) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
+ j := tab.rand.Intn(len(buckets))
buckets[i], buckets[j] = buckets[j], buckets[i]
}
// Move head of each bucket into buf, removing buckets that become empty.
@@ -161,15 +208,6 @@ func (tab *Table) ReadRandomNodes(buf []*Node) (n int) {
return i + 1
}
-func randUint(max uint32) uint32 {
- if max == 0 {
- return 0
- }
- var b [4]byte
- rand.Read(b[:])
- return binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:]) % max
-}
-
// Close terminates the network listener and flushes the node database.
func (tab *Table) Close() {
select {
@@ -180,16 +218,15 @@ func (tab *Table) Close() {
}
}
-// SetFallbackNodes sets the initial points of contact. These nodes
+// setFallbackNodes sets the initial points of contact. These nodes
// are used to connect to the network if the table is empty and there
// are no known nodes in the database.
-func (tab *Table) SetFallbackNodes(nodes []*Node) error {
+func (tab *Table) setFallbackNodes(nodes []*Node) error {
for _, n := range nodes {
if err := n.validateComplete(); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("bad bootstrap/fallback node %q (%v)", n, err)
}
}
- tab.mutex.Lock()
tab.nursery = make([]*Node, 0, len(nodes))
for _, n := range nodes {
cpy := *n
@@ -198,11 +235,19 @@ func (tab *Table) SetFallbackNodes(nodes []*Node) error {
cpy.sha = crypto.Keccak256Hash(n.ID[:])
tab.nursery = append(tab.nursery, &cpy)
}
- tab.mutex.Unlock()
- tab.refresh()
return nil
}
+// isInitDone returns whether the table's initial seeding procedure has completed.
+func (tab *Table) isInitDone() bool {
+ select {
+ case <-tab.initDone:
+ return true
+ default:
+ return false
+ }
+}
+
// Resolve searches for a specific node with the given ID.
// It returns nil if the node could not be found.
func (tab *Table) Resolve(targetID NodeID) *Node {
@@ -314,33 +359,49 @@ func (tab *Table) refresh() <-chan struct{} {
return done
}
-// refreshLoop schedules doRefresh runs and coordinates shutdown.
-func (tab *Table) refreshLoop() {
+// loop schedules refresh, revalidate runs and coordinates shutdown.
+func (tab *Table) loop() {
var (
- timer = time.NewTicker(autoRefreshInterval)
- waiting []chan struct{} // accumulates waiting callers while doRefresh runs
- done chan struct{} // where doRefresh reports completion
+ revalidate = time.NewTimer(tab.nextRevalidateTime())
+ refresh = time.NewTicker(refreshInterval)
+ copyNodes = time.NewTicker(copyNodesInterval)
+ revalidateDone = make(chan struct{})
+ refreshDone = make(chan struct{}) // where doRefresh reports completion
+ waiting = []chan struct{}{tab.initDone} // holds waiting callers while doRefresh runs
)
+ defer refresh.Stop()
+ defer revalidate.Stop()
+ defer copyNodes.Stop()
+
+ // Start initial refresh.
+ go tab.doRefresh(refreshDone)
+
loop:
for {
select {
- case <-timer.C:
- if done == nil {
- done = make(chan struct{})
- go tab.doRefresh(done)
+ case <-refresh.C:
+ tab.seedRand()
+ if refreshDone == nil {
+ refreshDone = make(chan struct{})
+ go tab.doRefresh(refreshDone)
}
case req := <-tab.refreshReq:
waiting = append(waiting, req)
- if done == nil {
- done = make(chan struct{})
- go tab.doRefresh(done)
+ if refreshDone == nil {
+ refreshDone = make(chan struct{})
+ go tab.doRefresh(refreshDone)
}
- case <-done:
+ case <-refreshDone:
for _, ch := range waiting {
close(ch)
}
- waiting = nil
- done = nil
+ waiting, refreshDone = nil, nil
+ case <-revalidate.C:
+ go tab.doRevalidate(revalidateDone)
+ case <-revalidateDone:
+ revalidate.Reset(tab.nextRevalidateTime())
+ case <-copyNodes.C:
+ go tab.copyBondedNodes()
case <-tab.closeReq:
break loop
}
@@ -349,8 +410,8 @@ loop:
if tab.net != nil {
tab.net.close()
}
- if done != nil {
- <-done
+ if refreshDone != nil {
+ <-refreshDone
}
for _, ch := range waiting {
close(ch)
@@ -365,38 +426,109 @@ loop:
func (tab *Table) doRefresh(done chan struct{}) {
defer close(done)
+ // Load nodes from the database and insert
+ // them. This should yield a few previously seen nodes that are
+ // (hopefully) still alive.
+ tab.loadSeedNodes(true)
+
+ // Run self lookup to discover new neighbor nodes.
+ tab.lookup(tab.self.ID, false)
+
// The Kademlia paper specifies that the bucket refresh should
// perform a lookup in the least recently used bucket. We cannot
// adhere to this because the findnode target is a 512bit value
// (not hash-sized) and it is not easily possible to generate a
// sha3 preimage that falls into a chosen bucket.
- // We perform a lookup with a random target instead.
- var target NodeID
- rand.Read(target[:])
- result := tab.lookup(target, false)
- if len(result) > 0 {
- return
+ // We perform a few lookups with a random target instead.
+ for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+ var target NodeID
+ crand.Read(target[:])
+ tab.lookup(target, false)
}
+}
- // The table is empty. Load nodes from the database and insert
- // them. This should yield a few previously seen nodes that are
- // (hopefully) still alive.
+func (tab *Table) loadSeedNodes(bond bool) {
seeds := tab.db.querySeeds(seedCount, seedMaxAge)
- seeds = tab.bondall(append(seeds, tab.nursery...))
+ seeds = append(seeds, tab.nursery...)
+ if bond {
+ seeds = tab.bondall(seeds)
+ }
+ for i := range seeds {
+ seed := seeds[i]
+ age := log.Lazy{Fn: func() interface{} { return time.Since(tab.db.lastPong(seed.ID)) }}
+ log.Debug("Found seed node in database", "id", seed.ID, "addr", seed.addr(), "age", age)
+ tab.add(seed)
+ }
+}
+
+// doRevalidate checks that the last node in a random bucket is still live
+// and replaces or deletes the node if it isn't.
+func (tab *Table) doRevalidate(done chan<- struct{}) {
+ defer func() { done <- struct{}{} }()
- if len(seeds) == 0 {
- log.Debug("No discv4 seed nodes found")
+ last, bi := tab.nodeToRevalidate()
+ if last == nil {
+ // No non-empty bucket found.
+ return
+ }
+
+ // Ping the selected node and wait for a pong.
+ err := tab.ping(last.ID, last.addr())
+
+ tab.mutex.Lock()
+ defer tab.mutex.Unlock()
+ b := tab.buckets[bi]
+ if err == nil {
+ // The node responded, move it to the front.
+ log.Debug("Revalidated node", "b", bi, "id", last.ID)
+ b.bump(last)
+ return
+ }
+ // No reply received, pick a replacement or delete the node if there aren't
+ // any replacements.
+ if r := tab.replace(b, last); r != nil {
+ log.Debug("Replaced dead node", "b", bi, "id", last.ID, "ip", last.IP, "r", r.ID, "rip", r.IP)
+ } else {
+ log.Debug("Removed dead node", "b", bi, "id", last.ID, "ip", last.IP)
}
- for _, n := range seeds {
- age := log.Lazy{Fn: func() time.Duration { return time.Since(tab.db.lastPong(n.ID)) }}
- log.Trace("Found seed node in database", "id", n.ID, "addr", n.addr(), "age", age)
+}
+
+// nodeToRevalidate returns the last node in a random, non-empty bucket.
+func (tab *Table) nodeToRevalidate() (n *Node, bi int) {
+ tab.mutex.Lock()
+ defer tab.mutex.Unlock()
+
+ for _, bi = range tab.rand.Perm(len(tab.buckets)) {
+ b := tab.buckets[bi]
+ if len(b.entries) > 0 {
+ last := b.entries[len(b.entries)-1]
+ return last, bi
+ }
}
+ return nil, 0
+}
+
+func (tab *Table) nextRevalidateTime() time.Duration {
tab.mutex.Lock()
- tab.stuff(seeds)
- tab.mutex.Unlock()
+ defer tab.mutex.Unlock()
- // Finally, do a self lookup to fill up the buckets.
- tab.lookup(tab.self.ID, false)
+ return time.Duration(tab.rand.Int63n(int64(revalidateInterval)))
+}
+
+// copyBondedNodes adds nodes from the table to the database if they have been in the table
+// longer then minTableTime.
+func (tab *Table) copyBondedNodes() {
+ tab.mutex.Lock()
+ defer tab.mutex.Unlock()
+
+ now := time.Now()
+ for _, b := range tab.buckets {
+ for _, n := range b.entries {
+ if now.Sub(n.addedAt) >= seedMinTableTime {
+ tab.db.updateNode(n)
+ }
+ }
+ }
}
// closest returns the n nodes in the table that are closest to the
@@ -459,15 +591,14 @@ func (tab *Table) bond(pinged bool, id NodeID, addr *net.UDPAddr, tcpPort uint16
if id == tab.self.ID {
return nil, errors.New("is self")
}
- // Retrieve a previously known node and any recent findnode failures
- node, fails := tab.db.node(id), 0
- if node != nil {
- fails = tab.db.findFails(id)
+ if pinged && !tab.isInitDone() {
+ return nil, errors.New("still initializing")
}
- // If the node is unknown (non-bonded) or failed (remotely unknown), bond from scratch
- var result error
+ // Start bonding if we haven't seen this node for a while or if it failed findnode too often.
+ node, fails := tab.db.node(id), tab.db.findFails(id)
age := time.Since(tab.db.lastPong(id))
- if node == nil || fails > 0 || age > nodeDBNodeExpiration {
+ var result error
+ if fails > 0 || age > nodeDBNodeExpiration {
log.Trace("Starting bonding ping/pong", "id", id, "known", node != nil, "failcount", fails, "age", age)
tab.bondmu.Lock()
@@ -494,10 +625,10 @@ func (tab *Table) bond(pinged bool, id NodeID, addr *net.UDPAddr, tcpPort uint16
node = w.n
}
}
+ // Add the node to the table even if the bonding ping/pong
+ // fails. It will be relaced quickly if it continues to be
+ // unresponsive.
if node != nil {
- // Add the node to the table even if the bonding ping/pong
- // fails. It will be relaced quickly if it continues to be
- // unresponsive.
tab.add(node)
tab.db.updateFindFails(id, 0)
}
@@ -522,7 +653,6 @@ func (tab *Table) pingpong(w *bondproc, pinged bool, id NodeID, addr *net.UDPAdd
}
// Bonding succeeded, update the node database.
w.n = NewNode(id, addr.IP, uint16(addr.Port), tcpPort)
- tab.db.updateNode(w.n)
close(w.done)
}
@@ -534,16 +664,18 @@ func (tab *Table) ping(id NodeID, addr *net.UDPAddr) error {
return err
}
tab.db.updateLastPong(id, time.Now())
-
- // Start the background expiration goroutine after the first
- // successful communication. Subsequent calls have no effect if it
- // is already running. We do this here instead of somewhere else
- // so that the search for seed nodes also considers older nodes
- // that would otherwise be removed by the expiration.
- tab.db.ensureExpirer()
return nil
}
+// bucket returns the bucket for the given node ID hash.
+func (tab *Table) bucket(sha common.Hash) *bucket {
+ d := logdist(tab.self.sha, sha)
+ if d <= bucketMinDistance {
+ return tab.buckets[0]
+ }
+ return tab.buckets[d-bucketMinDistance-1]
+}
+
// add attempts to add the given node its corresponding bucket. If the
// bucket has space available, adding the node succeeds immediately.
// Otherwise, the node is added if the least recently active node in
@@ -551,57 +683,29 @@ func (tab *Table) ping(id NodeID, addr *net.UDPAddr) error {
//
// The caller must not hold tab.mutex.
func (tab *Table) add(new *Node) {
- b := tab.buckets[logdist(tab.self.sha, new.sha)]
tab.mutex.Lock()
defer tab.mutex.Unlock()
- if b.bump(new) {
- return
- }
- var oldest *Node
- if len(b.entries) == bucketSize {
- oldest = b.entries[bucketSize-1]
- if oldest.contested {
- // The node is already being replaced, don't attempt
- // to replace it.
- return
- }
- oldest.contested = true
- // Let go of the mutex so other goroutines can access
- // the table while we ping the least recently active node.
- tab.mutex.Unlock()
- err := tab.ping(oldest.ID, oldest.addr())
- tab.mutex.Lock()
- oldest.contested = false
- if err == nil {
- // The node responded, don't replace it.
- return
- }
- }
- added := b.replace(new, oldest)
- if added && tab.nodeAddedHook != nil {
- tab.nodeAddedHook(new)
+
+ b := tab.bucket(new.sha)
+ if !tab.bumpOrAdd(b, new) {
+ // Node is not in table. Add it to the replacement list.
+ tab.addReplacement(b, new)
}
}
// stuff adds nodes the table to the end of their corresponding bucket
-// if the bucket is not full. The caller must hold tab.mutex.
+// if the bucket is not full. The caller must not hold tab.mutex.
func (tab *Table) stuff(nodes []*Node) {
-outer:
+ tab.mutex.Lock()
+ defer tab.mutex.Unlock()
+
for _, n := range nodes {
if n.ID == tab.self.ID {
continue // don't add self
}
- bucket := tab.buckets[logdist(tab.self.sha, n.sha)]
- for i := range bucket.entries {
- if bucket.entries[i].ID == n.ID {
- continue outer // already in bucket
- }
- }
- if len(bucket.entries) < bucketSize {
- bucket.entries = append(bucket.entries, n)
- if tab.nodeAddedHook != nil {
- tab.nodeAddedHook(n)
- }
+ b := tab.bucket(n.sha)
+ if len(b.entries) < bucketSize {
+ tab.bumpOrAdd(b, n)
}
}
}
@@ -611,36 +715,72 @@ outer:
func (tab *Table) delete(node *Node) {
tab.mutex.Lock()
defer tab.mutex.Unlock()
- bucket := tab.buckets[logdist(tab.self.sha, node.sha)]
- for i := range bucket.entries {
- if bucket.entries[i].ID == node.ID {
- bucket.entries = append(bucket.entries[:i], bucket.entries[i+1:]...)
- return
- }
- }
+
+ tab.deleteInBucket(tab.bucket(node.sha), node)
}
-func (b *bucket) replace(n *Node, last *Node) bool {
- // Don't add if b already contains n.
- for i := range b.entries {
- if b.entries[i].ID == n.ID {
- return false
- }
+func (tab *Table) addIP(b *bucket, ip net.IP) bool {
+ if netutil.IsLAN(ip) {
+ return true
}
- // Replace last if it is still the last entry or just add n if b
- // isn't full. If is no longer the last entry, it has either been
- // replaced with someone else or became active.
- if len(b.entries) == bucketSize && (last == nil || b.entries[bucketSize-1].ID != last.ID) {
+ if !tab.ips.Add(ip) {
+ log.Debug("IP exceeds table limit", "ip", ip)
return false
}
- if len(b.entries) < bucketSize {
- b.entries = append(b.entries, nil)
+ if !b.ips.Add(ip) {
+ log.Debug("IP exceeds bucket limit", "ip", ip)
+ tab.ips.Remove(ip)
+ return false
}
- copy(b.entries[1:], b.entries)
- b.entries[0] = n
return true
}
+func (tab *Table) removeIP(b *bucket, ip net.IP) {
+ if netutil.IsLAN(ip) {
+ return
+ }
+ tab.ips.Remove(ip)
+ b.ips.Remove(ip)
+}
+
+func (tab *Table) addReplacement(b *bucket, n *Node) {
+ for _, e := range b.replacements {
+ if e.ID == n.ID {
+ return // already in list
+ }
+ }
+ if !tab.addIP(b, n.IP) {
+ return
+ }
+ var removed *Node
+ b.replacements, removed = pushNode(b.replacements, n, maxReplacements)
+ if removed != nil {
+ tab.removeIP(b, removed.IP)
+ }
+}
+
+// replace removes n from the replacement list and replaces 'last' with it if it is the
+// last entry in the bucket. If 'last' isn't the last entry, it has either been replaced
+// with someone else or became active.
+func (tab *Table) replace(b *bucket, last *Node) *Node {
+ if len(b.entries) >= 0 && b.entries[len(b.entries)-1].ID != last.ID {
+ // Entry has moved, don't replace it.
+ return nil
+ }
+ // Still the last entry.
+ if len(b.replacements) == 0 {
+ tab.deleteInBucket(b, last)
+ return nil
+ }
+ r := b.replacements[tab.rand.Intn(len(b.replacements))]
+ b.replacements = deleteNode(b.replacements, r)
+ b.entries[len(b.entries)-1] = r
+ tab.removeIP(b, last.IP)
+ return r
+}
+
+// bump moves the given node to the front of the bucket entry list
+// if it is contained in that list.
func (b *bucket) bump(n *Node) bool {
for i := range b.entries {
if b.entries[i].ID == n.ID {
@@ -653,6 +793,50 @@ func (b *bucket) bump(n *Node) bool {
return false
}
+// bumpOrAdd moves n to the front of the bucket entry list or adds it if the list isn't
+// full. The return value is true if n is in the bucket.
+func (tab *Table) bumpOrAdd(b *bucket, n *Node) bool {
+ if b.bump(n) {
+ return true
+ }
+ if len(b.entries) >= bucketSize || !tab.addIP(b, n.IP) {
+ return false
+ }
+ b.entries, _ = pushNode(b.entries, n, bucketSize)
+ b.replacements = deleteNode(b.replacements, n)
+ n.addedAt = time.Now()
+ if tab.nodeAddedHook != nil {
+ tab.nodeAddedHook(n)
+ }
+ return true
+}
+
+func (tab *Table) deleteInBucket(b *bucket, n *Node) {
+ b.entries = deleteNode(b.entries, n)
+ tab.removeIP(b, n.IP)
+}
+
+// pushNode adds n to the front of list, keeping at most max items.
+func pushNode(list []*Node, n *Node, max int) ([]*Node, *Node) {
+ if len(list) < max {
+ list = append(list, nil)
+ }
+ removed := list[len(list)-1]
+ copy(list[1:], list)
+ list[0] = n
+ return list, removed
+}
+
+// deleteNode removes n from list.
+func deleteNode(list []*Node, n *Node) []*Node {
+ for i := range list {
+ if list[i].ID == n.ID {
+ return append(list[:i], list[i+1:]...)
+ }
+ }
+ return list
+}
+
// nodesByDistance is a list of nodes, ordered by
// distance to target.
type nodesByDistance struct {