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-rw-r--r--core/vm/gas_table.go418
1 files changed, 294 insertions, 124 deletions
diff --git a/core/vm/gas_table.go b/core/vm/gas_table.go
index 4d2c4e94a..fba1eb066 100644
--- a/core/vm/gas_table.go
+++ b/core/vm/gas_table.go
@@ -1,56 +1,80 @@
package vm
import (
+ gmath "math"
"math/big"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+ "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
)
-func memoryGasCost(mem *Memory, newMemSize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- gas := new(big.Int)
- if newMemSize.Cmp(common.Big0) > 0 {
- newMemSizeWords := toWordSize(newMemSize)
-
- if newMemSize.Cmp(u256(int64(mem.Len()))) > 0 {
- // be careful reusing variables here when changing.
- // The order has been optimised to reduce allocation
- oldSize := toWordSize(big.NewInt(int64(mem.Len())))
- pow := new(big.Int).Exp(oldSize, common.Big2, Zero)
- linCoef := oldSize.Mul(oldSize, params.MemoryGas)
- quadCoef := new(big.Int).Div(pow, params.QuadCoeffDiv)
- oldTotalFee := new(big.Int).Add(linCoef, quadCoef)
-
- pow.Exp(newMemSizeWords, common.Big2, Zero)
- linCoef = linCoef.Mul(newMemSizeWords, params.MemoryGas)
- quadCoef = quadCoef.Div(pow, params.QuadCoeffDiv)
- newTotalFee := linCoef.Add(linCoef, quadCoef)
-
- fee := newTotalFee.Sub(newTotalFee, oldTotalFee)
- gas.Add(gas, fee)
- }
+// memoryGasCosts calculates the quadratic gas for memory expansion. It does so
+// only for the memory region that is expanded, not the total memory.
+func memoryGasCost(mem *Memory, newMemSize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ // The maximum that will fit in a uint64 is max_word_count - 1
+ // anything above that will result in an overflow.
+ if newMemSize > gmath.MaxUint64-32 {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+
+ if newMemSize == 0 {
+ return 0, nil
}
- return gas
+
+ newMemSizeWords := toWordSize(newMemSize)
+ newMemSize = newMemSizeWords * 32
+
+ if newMemSize > uint64(mem.Len()) {
+ square := newMemSizeWords * newMemSizeWords
+ linCoef := newMemSizeWords * params.MemoryGas
+ quadCoef := square / params.QuadCoeffDiv
+ newTotalFee := linCoef + quadCoef
+
+ fee := newTotalFee - mem.lastGasCost
+ mem.lastGasCost = newTotalFee
+
+ return fee, nil
+ }
+ return 0, nil
}
-func constGasFunc(gas *big.Int) gasFunc {
- return func(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- return gas
+func constGasFunc(gas uint64) gasFunc {
+ return func(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ return gas, nil
}
}
-func gasCalldataCopy(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- gas := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
- gas.Add(gas, GasFastestStep)
- words := toWordSize(stack.Back(2))
+func gasCalldataCopy(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, err
+ }
+
+ var overflow bool
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, GasFastestStep); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
- return gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, params.CopyGas))
+ words, overflow := bigUint64(stack.Back(2))
+ if overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+
+ if words, overflow = math.SafeMul(toWordSize(words), params.CopyGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, words); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ return gas, nil
}
-func gasSStore(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
+func gasSStore(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
var (
y, x = stack.Back(1), stack.Back(0)
- val = env.StateDB.GetState(contract.Address(), common.BigToHash(x))
+ val = evm.StateDB.GetState(contract.Address(), common.BigToHash(x))
)
// This checks for 3 scenario's and calculates gas accordingly
// 1. From a zero-value address to a non-zero value (NEW VALUE)
@@ -58,189 +82,335 @@ func gasSStore(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, m
// 3. From a non-zero to a non-zero (CHANGE)
if common.EmptyHash(val) && !common.EmptyHash(common.BigToHash(y)) {
// 0 => non 0
- return new(big.Int).Set(params.SstoreSetGas)
+ return params.SstoreSetGas, nil
} else if !common.EmptyHash(val) && common.EmptyHash(common.BigToHash(y)) {
- env.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreRefundGas)
+ evm.StateDB.AddRefund(new(big.Int).SetUint64(params.SstoreRefundGas))
- return new(big.Int).Set(params.SstoreClearGas)
+ return params.SstoreClearGas, nil
} else {
// non 0 => non 0 (or 0 => 0)
- return new(big.Int).Set(params.SstoreResetGas)
+ return params.SstoreResetGas, nil
}
}
-func makeGasLog(n uint) gasFunc {
- return func(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- mSize := stack.Back(1)
+func makeGasLog(n uint64) gasFunc {
+ return func(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ requestedSize, overflow := bigUint64(stack.Back(1))
+ if overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
- gas := new(big.Int).Add(memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize), params.LogGas)
- gas.Add(gas, new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(int64(n)), params.LogTopicGas))
- gas.Add(gas, new(big.Int).Mul(mSize, params.LogDataGas))
- return gas
+ gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, err
+ }
+
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, params.LogGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, n*params.LogTopicGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+
+ var memorySizeGas uint64
+ if memorySizeGas, overflow = math.SafeMul(requestedSize, params.LogDataGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, memorySizeGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ return gas, nil
}
}
-func gasSha3(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- gas := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
- gas.Add(gas, params.Sha3Gas)
- words := toWordSize(stack.Back(1))
- return gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, params.Sha3WordGas))
-}
+func gasSha3(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ var overflow bool
+ gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, err
+ }
-func gasCodeCopy(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- gas := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
- gas.Add(gas, GasFastestStep)
- words := toWordSize(stack.Back(2))
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, params.Sha3Gas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
- return gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, params.CopyGas))
+ wordGas, overflow := bigUint64(stack.Back(1))
+ if overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ if wordGas, overflow = math.SafeMul(toWordSize(wordGas), params.Sha3WordGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, wordGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ return gas, nil
}
-func gasExtCodeCopy(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- gas := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
- gas.Add(gas, gt.ExtcodeCopy)
- words := toWordSize(stack.Back(3))
+func gasCodeCopy(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, err
+ }
+
+ var overflow bool
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, GasFastestStep); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
- return gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, params.CopyGas))
+ wordGas, overflow := bigUint64(stack.Back(2))
+ if overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ if wordGas, overflow = math.SafeMul(toWordSize(wordGas), params.CopyGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, wordGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ return gas, nil
}
-func gasMLoad(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- return new(big.Int).Add(GasFastestStep, memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize))
+func gasExtCodeCopy(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, err
+ }
+
+ var overflow bool
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, gt.ExtcodeCopy); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+
+ wordGas, overflow := bigUint64(stack.Back(3))
+ if overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+
+ if wordGas, overflow = math.SafeMul(toWordSize(wordGas), params.CopyGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, wordGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ return gas, nil
}
-func gasMStore8(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- return new(big.Int).Add(GasFastestStep, memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize))
+func gasMLoad(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ var overflow bool
+ gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, GasFastestStep); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ return gas, nil
}
-func gasMStore(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- return new(big.Int).Add(GasFastestStep, memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize))
+func gasMStore8(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ var overflow bool
+ gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, GasFastestStep); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ return gas, nil
}
-func gasCreate(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- return new(big.Int).Add(params.CreateGas, memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize))
+func gasMStore(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ var overflow bool
+ gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, GasFastestStep); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ return gas, nil
}
-func gasBalance(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- return gt.Balance
+func gasCreate(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ var overflow bool
+ gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, err
+ }
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, params.CreateGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ return gas, nil
}
-func gasExtCodeSize(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- return gt.ExtcodeSize
+func gasBalance(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ return gt.Balance, nil
}
-func gasSLoad(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- return gt.SLoad
+func gasExtCodeSize(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ return gt.ExtcodeSize, nil
}
-func gasExp(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- expByteLen := int64((stack.data[stack.len()-2].BitLen() + 7) / 8)
- gas := big.NewInt(expByteLen)
- gas.Mul(gas, gt.ExpByte)
- return gas.Add(gas, GasSlowStep)
+func gasSLoad(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ return gt.SLoad, nil
}
-func gasCall(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- gas := new(big.Int).Set(gt.Calls)
+func gasExp(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ expByteLen := uint64((stack.data[stack.len()-2].BitLen() + 7) / 8)
- transfersValue := stack.Back(2).BitLen() > 0
var (
- address = common.BigToAddress(stack.Back(1))
- eip158 = env.ChainConfig().IsEIP158(env.BlockNumber)
+ gas = expByteLen * gt.ExpByte // no overflow check required. Max is 256 * ExpByte gas
+ overflow bool
+ )
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, GasSlowStep); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ return gas, nil
+}
+
+func gasCall(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ var (
+ gas = gt.Calls
+ transfersValue = stack.Back(2).BitLen() > 0
+ address = common.BigToAddress(stack.Back(1))
+ eip158 = evm.ChainConfig().IsEIP158(evm.BlockNumber)
)
if eip158 {
- if env.StateDB.Empty(address) && transfersValue {
- gas.Add(gas, params.CallNewAccountGas)
+ if evm.StateDB.Empty(address) && transfersValue {
+ gas += params.CallNewAccountGas
}
- } else if !env.StateDB.Exist(address) {
- gas.Add(gas, params.CallNewAccountGas)
+ } else if !evm.StateDB.Exist(address) {
+ gas += params.CallNewAccountGas
}
if transfersValue {
- gas.Add(gas, params.CallValueTransferGas)
+ gas += params.CallValueTransferGas
+ }
+ memoryGas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, err
+ }
+ var overflow bool
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, memoryGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
}
- gas.Add(gas, memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize))
- cg := callGas(gt, contract.Gas, gas, stack.data[stack.len()-1])
+ cg, err := callGas(gt, contract.Gas, gas, stack.Back(0))
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, err
+ }
// Replace the stack item with the new gas calculation. This means that
// either the original item is left on the stack or the item is replaced by:
// (availableGas - gas) * 63 / 64
// We replace the stack item so that it's available when the opCall instruction is
// called. This information is otherwise lost due to the dependency on *current*
// available gas.
- stack.data[stack.len()-1] = cg
+ stack.data[stack.len()-1] = new(big.Int).SetUint64(cg)
- return gas.Add(gas, cg)
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, cg); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ return gas, nil
}
-func gasCallCode(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- gas := new(big.Int).Set(gt.Calls)
+func gasCallCode(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ gas := gt.Calls
if stack.Back(2).BitLen() > 0 {
- gas.Add(gas, params.CallValueTransferGas)
+ gas += params.CallValueTransferGas
+ }
+ memoryGas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, err
+ }
+ var overflow bool
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, memoryGas); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
}
- gas.Add(gas, memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize))
- cg := callGas(gt, contract.Gas, gas, stack.data[stack.len()-1])
+ cg, err := callGas(gt, contract.Gas, gas, stack.Back(0))
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, err
+ }
// Replace the stack item with the new gas calculation. This means that
// either the original item is left on the stack or the item is replaced by:
// (availableGas - gas) * 63 / 64
// We replace the stack item so that it's available when the opCall instruction is
// called. This information is otherwise lost due to the dependency on *current*
// available gas.
- stack.data[stack.len()-1] = cg
+ stack.data[stack.len()-1] = new(big.Int).SetUint64(cg)
- return gas.Add(gas, cg)
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, cg); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ return gas, nil
}
-func gasReturn(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
+func gasReturn(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
return memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
}
-func gasSuicide(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- gas := new(big.Int)
+func gasSuicide(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ var gas uint64
// EIP150 homestead gas reprice fork:
- if env.ChainConfig().IsEIP150(env.BlockNumber) {
- gas.Set(gt.Suicide)
+ if evm.ChainConfig().IsEIP150(evm.BlockNumber) {
+ gas = gt.Suicide
var (
address = common.BigToAddress(stack.Back(0))
- eip158 = env.ChainConfig().IsEIP158(env.BlockNumber)
+ eip158 = evm.ChainConfig().IsEIP158(evm.BlockNumber)
)
if eip158 {
// if empty and transfers value
- if env.StateDB.Empty(address) && env.StateDB.GetBalance(contract.Address()).BitLen() > 0 {
- gas.Add(gas, gt.CreateBySuicide)
+ if evm.StateDB.Empty(address) && evm.StateDB.GetBalance(contract.Address()).BitLen() > 0 {
+ gas += gt.CreateBySuicide
}
- } else if !env.StateDB.Exist(address) {
- gas.Add(gas, gt.CreateBySuicide)
+ } else if !evm.StateDB.Exist(address) {
+ gas += gt.CreateBySuicide
}
}
- if !env.StateDB.HasSuicided(contract.Address()) {
- env.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SuicideRefundGas)
+ if !evm.StateDB.HasSuicided(contract.Address()) {
+ evm.StateDB.AddRefund(new(big.Int).SetUint64(params.SuicideRefundGas))
}
- return gas
+ return gas, nil
}
-func gasDelegateCall(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- gas := new(big.Int).Add(gt.Calls, memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize))
+func gasDelegateCall(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, err
+ }
+ var overflow bool
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, gt.Calls); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
- cg := callGas(gt, contract.Gas, gas, stack.data[stack.len()-1])
+ cg, err := callGas(gt, contract.Gas, gas, stack.Back(0))
+ if err != nil {
+ return 0, err
+ }
// Replace the stack item with the new gas calculation. This means that
// either the original item is left on the stack or the item is replaced by:
// (availableGas - gas) * 63 / 64
// We replace the stack item so that it's available when the opCall instruction is
// called.
- stack.data[stack.len()-1] = cg
+ stack.data[stack.len()-1] = new(big.Int).SetUint64(cg)
- return gas.Add(gas, cg)
+ if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, cg); overflow {
+ return 0, errGasUintOverflow
+ }
+ return gas, nil
}
-func gasPush(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- return GasFastestStep
+func gasPush(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ return GasFastestStep, nil
}
-func gasSwap(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- return GasFastestStep
+func gasSwap(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ return GasFastestStep, nil
}
-func gasDup(gt params.GasTable, env *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize *big.Int) *big.Int {
- return GasFastestStep
+func gasDup(gt params.GasTable, evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
+ return GasFastestStep, nil
}