cmd/evm, core/vm, test: refactored VM and core

* Moved `vm.Transfer` to `core` package and changed execution to call
`env.Transfer` instead of `core.Transfer` directly.
* core/vm: byte code VM moved to jump table instead of switch
* Moved `vm.Transfer` to `core` package and changed execution to call
  `env.Transfer` instead of `core.Transfer` directly.
* Byte code VM now shares the same code as the JITVM
* Renamed Context to Contract
* Changed initialiser of state transition & unexported methods
* Removed the Execution object and refactor `Call`, `CallCode` &
  `Create` in to their own functions instead of being methods.
* Removed the hard dep on the state for the VM. The VM now
  depends on a Database interface returned by the environment. In the
  process the core now depends less on the statedb by usage of the env
* Moved `Log` from package `core/state` to package `core/vm`.

1 files changed, 155 insertions, 102 deletions

diff --git a/core/vm/instructions.go b/core/vm/instructions.go
index aa0117cc8..6c6039f74 100644
--- a/core/vm/instructions.go
+++ b/core/vm/instructions.go
@@ -20,46 +20,52 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 )
 
-type instrFn func(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack)
-type instrExFn func(instr instruction, ret *big.Int, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack)
+type programInstruction interface {
+	Do(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack)
+}
+
+type instrFn func(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack)
+
+// Do executes the function. This implements programInstruction
+func (fn instrFn) Do(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+	fn(instr, pc, env, contract, memory, stack)
+}
 
 type instruction struct {
-	op     OpCode
-	pc     uint64
-	fn     instrFn
-	specFn instrExFn
-	data   *big.Int
+	op   OpCode
+	pc   uint64
+	fn   instrFn
+	data *big.Int
 
 	gas   *big.Int
 	spop  int
 	spush int
 }
 
-func opStaticJump(instr instruction, ret *big.Int, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opStaticJump(instr instruction, pc *uint64, ret *big.Int, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	ret.Set(instr.data)
 }
 
-func opAdd(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opAdd(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	stack.push(U256(x.Add(x, y)))
 }
 
-func opSub(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opSub(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	stack.push(U256(x.Sub(x, y)))
 }
 
-func opMul(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opMul(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	stack.push(U256(x.Mul(x, y)))
 }
 
-func opDiv(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opDiv(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	if y.Cmp(common.Big0) != 0 {
 		stack.push(U256(x.Div(x, y)))
@@ -68,7 +74,7 @@ func opDiv(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory,
 	}
 }
 
-func opSdiv(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opSdiv(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := S256(stack.pop()), S256(stack.pop())
 	if y.Cmp(common.Big0) == 0 {
 		stack.push(new(big.Int))
@@ -88,7 +94,7 @@ func opSdiv(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory
 	}
 }
 
-func opMod(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opMod(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	if y.Cmp(common.Big0) == 0 {
 		stack.push(new(big.Int))
@@ -97,7 +103,7 @@ func opMod(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory,
 	}
 }
 
-func opSmod(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opSmod(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := S256(stack.pop()), S256(stack.pop())
 
 	if y.Cmp(common.Big0) == 0 {
@@ -117,12 +123,12 @@ func opSmod(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory
 	}
 }
 
-func opExp(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opExp(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	stack.push(U256(x.Exp(x, y, Pow256)))
 }
 
-func opSignExtend(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opSignExtend(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	back := stack.pop()
 	if back.Cmp(big.NewInt(31)) < 0 {
 		bit := uint(back.Uint64()*8 + 7)
@@ -139,12 +145,12 @@ func opSignExtend(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *
 	}
 }
 
-func opNot(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opNot(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x := stack.pop()
 	stack.push(U256(x.Not(x)))
 }
 
-func opLt(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opLt(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	if x.Cmp(y) < 0 {
 		stack.push(big.NewInt(1))
@@ -153,7 +159,7 @@ func opLt(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory,
 	}
 }
 
-func opGt(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opGt(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	if x.Cmp(y) > 0 {
 		stack.push(big.NewInt(1))
@@ -162,7 +168,7 @@ func opGt(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory,
 	}
 }
 
-func opSlt(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opSlt(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := S256(stack.pop()), S256(stack.pop())
 	if x.Cmp(S256(y)) < 0 {
 		stack.push(big.NewInt(1))
@@ -171,7 +177,7 @@ func opSlt(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory,
 	}
 }
 
-func opSgt(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opSgt(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := S256(stack.pop()), S256(stack.pop())
 	if x.Cmp(y) > 0 {
 		stack.push(big.NewInt(1))
@@ -180,7 +186,7 @@ func opSgt(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory,
 	}
 }
 
-func opEq(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opEq(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	if x.Cmp(y) == 0 {
 		stack.push(big.NewInt(1))
@@ -189,7 +195,7 @@ func opEq(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory,
 	}
 }
 
-func opIszero(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opIszero(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x := stack.pop()
 	if x.Cmp(common.Big0) > 0 {
 		stack.push(new(big.Int))
@@ -198,19 +204,19 @@ func opIszero(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memo
 	}
 }
 
-func opAnd(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opAnd(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	stack.push(x.And(x, y))
 }
-func opOr(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opOr(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	stack.push(x.Or(x, y))
 }
-func opXor(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opXor(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	stack.push(x.Xor(x, y))
 }
-func opByte(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opByte(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	th, val := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	if th.Cmp(big.NewInt(32)) < 0 {
 		byte := big.NewInt(int64(common.LeftPadBytes(val.Bytes(), 32)[th.Int64()]))
@@ -219,7 +225,7 @@ func opByte(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory
 		stack.push(new(big.Int))
 	}
 }
-func opAddmod(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opAddmod(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y, z := stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	if z.Cmp(Zero) > 0 {
 		add := x.Add(x, y)
@@ -229,7 +235,7 @@ func opAddmod(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memo
 		stack.push(new(big.Int))
 	}
 }
-func opMulmod(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opMulmod(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	x, y, z := stack.pop(), stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	if z.Cmp(Zero) > 0 {
 		mul := x.Mul(x, y)
@@ -240,92 +246,92 @@ func opMulmod(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memo
 	}
 }
 
-func opSha3(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opSha3(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	offset, size := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	hash := crypto.Sha3(memory.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64()))
 
 	stack.push(common.BytesToBig(hash))
 }
 
-func opAddress(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
-	stack.push(common.Bytes2Big(context.Address().Bytes()))
+func opAddress(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+	stack.push(common.Bytes2Big(contract.Address().Bytes()))
 }
 
-func opBalance(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opBalance(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	addr := common.BigToAddress(stack.pop())
-	balance := env.State().GetBalance(addr)
+	balance := env.Db().GetBalance(addr)
 
 	stack.push(new(big.Int).Set(balance))
 }
 
-func opOrigin(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opOrigin(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	stack.push(env.Origin().Big())
 }
 
-func opCaller(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
-	stack.push(common.Bytes2Big(context.caller.Address().Bytes()))
+func opCaller(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+	stack.push(common.Bytes2Big(contract.caller.Address().Bytes()))
 }
 
-func opCallValue(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
-	stack.push(new(big.Int).Set(context.value))
+func opCallValue(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+	stack.push(new(big.Int).Set(contract.value))
 }
 
-func opCalldataLoad(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
-	stack.push(common.Bytes2Big(getData(context.Input, stack.pop(), common.Big32)))
+func opCalldataLoad(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+	stack.push(common.Bytes2Big(getData(contract.Input, stack.pop(), common.Big32)))
 }
 
-func opCalldataSize(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
-	stack.push(big.NewInt(int64(len(context.Input))))
+func opCalldataSize(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+	stack.push(big.NewInt(int64(len(contract.Input))))
 }
 
-func opCalldataCopy(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opCalldataCopy(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	var (
 		mOff = stack.pop()
 		cOff = stack.pop()
 		l    = stack.pop()
 	)
-	memory.Set(mOff.Uint64(), l.Uint64(), getData(context.Input, cOff, l))
+	memory.Set(mOff.Uint64(), l.Uint64(), getData(contract.Input, cOff, l))
 }
 
-func opExtCodeSize(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opExtCodeSize(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	addr := common.BigToAddress(stack.pop())
-	l := big.NewInt(int64(len(env.State().GetCode(addr))))
+	l := big.NewInt(int64(len(env.Db().GetCode(addr))))
 	stack.push(l)
 }
 
-func opCodeSize(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
-	l := big.NewInt(int64(len(context.Code)))
+func opCodeSize(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+	l := big.NewInt(int64(len(contract.Code)))
 	stack.push(l)
 }
 
-func opCodeCopy(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opCodeCopy(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	var (
 		mOff = stack.pop()
 		cOff = stack.pop()
 		l    = stack.pop()
 	)
-	codeCopy := getData(context.Code, cOff, l)
+	codeCopy := getData(contract.Code, cOff, l)
 
 	memory.Set(mOff.Uint64(), l.Uint64(), codeCopy)
 }
 
-func opExtCodeCopy(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opExtCodeCopy(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	var (
 		addr = common.BigToAddress(stack.pop())
 		mOff = stack.pop()
 		cOff = stack.pop()
 		l    = stack.pop()
 	)
-	codeCopy := getData(env.State().GetCode(addr), cOff, l)
+	codeCopy := getData(env.Db().GetCode(addr), cOff, l)
 
 	memory.Set(mOff.Uint64(), l.Uint64(), codeCopy)
 }
 
-func opGasprice(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
-	stack.push(new(big.Int).Set(context.Price))
+func opGasprice(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+	stack.push(new(big.Int).Set(contract.Price))
 }
 
-func opBlockhash(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opBlockhash(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	num := stack.pop()
 
 	n := new(big.Int).Sub(env.BlockNumber(), common.Big257)
@@ -336,43 +342,43 @@ func opBlockhash(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *M
 	}
 }
 
-func opCoinbase(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opCoinbase(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	stack.push(env.Coinbase().Big())
 }
 
-func opTimestamp(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opTimestamp(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	stack.push(U256(new(big.Int).Set(env.Time())))
 }
 
-func opNumber(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opNumber(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	stack.push(U256(new(big.Int).Set(env.BlockNumber())))
 }
 
-func opDifficulty(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opDifficulty(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	stack.push(U256(new(big.Int).Set(env.Difficulty())))
 }
 
-func opGasLimit(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opGasLimit(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	stack.push(U256(new(big.Int).Set(env.GasLimit())))
 }
 
-func opPop(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opPop(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	stack.pop()
 }
 
-func opPush(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opPush(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	stack.push(new(big.Int).Set(instr.data))
 }
 
-func opDup(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opDup(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	stack.dup(int(instr.data.Int64()))
 }
 
-func opSwap(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opSwap(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	stack.swap(int(instr.data.Int64()))
 }
 
-func opLog(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opLog(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	n := int(instr.data.Int64())
 	topics := make([]common.Hash, n)
 	mStart, mSize := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
@@ -381,85 +387,88 @@ func opLog(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory,
 	}
 
 	d := memory.Get(mStart.Int64(), mSize.Int64())
-	log := state.NewLog(context.Address(), topics, d, env.BlockNumber().Uint64())
+	log := NewLog(contract.Address(), topics, d, env.BlockNumber().Uint64())
 	env.AddLog(log)
 }
 
-func opMload(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opMload(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	offset := stack.pop()
 	val := common.BigD(memory.Get(offset.Int64(), 32))
 	stack.push(val)
 }
 
-func opMstore(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opMstore(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	// pop value of the stack
 	mStart, val := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 	memory.Set(mStart.Uint64(), 32, common.BigToBytes(val, 256))
 }
 
-func opMstore8(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opMstore8(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	off, val := stack.pop().Int64(), stack.pop().Int64()
 	memory.store[off] = byte(val & 0xff)
 }
 
-func opSload(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opSload(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	loc := common.BigToHash(stack.pop())
-	val := env.State().GetState(context.Address(), loc).Big()
+	val := env.Db().GetState(contract.Address(), loc).Big()
 	stack.push(val)
 }
 
-func opSstore(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opSstore(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	loc := common.BigToHash(stack.pop())
 	val := stack.pop()
 
-	env.State().SetState(context.Address(), loc, common.BigToHash(val))
+	env.Db().SetState(contract.Address(), loc, common.BigToHash(val))
 }
 
-func opJump(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack)     {}
-func opJumpi(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack)    {}
-func opJumpdest(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {}
+func opJump(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+}
+func opJumpi(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+}
+func opJumpdest(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+}
 
-func opPc(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opPc(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	stack.push(new(big.Int).Set(instr.data))
 }
 
-func opMsize(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opMsize(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	stack.push(big.NewInt(int64(memory.Len())))
 }
 
-func opGas(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
-	stack.push(new(big.Int).Set(context.Gas))
+func opGas(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+	stack.push(new(big.Int).Set(contract.Gas))
 }
 
-func opCreate(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opCreate(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	var (
 		value        = stack.pop()
 		offset, size = stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 		input        = memory.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64())
-		gas          = new(big.Int).Set(context.Gas)
+		gas          = new(big.Int).Set(contract.Gas)
 		addr         common.Address
+		ret          []byte
+		suberr       error
 	)
 
-	context.UseGas(context.Gas)
-	ret, suberr, ref := env.Create(context, input, gas, context.Price, value)
+	contract.UseGas(contract.Gas)
+	ret, addr, suberr = env.Create(contract, input, gas, contract.Price, value)
 	if suberr != nil {
 		stack.push(new(big.Int))
-
 	} else {
 		// gas < len(ret) * Createinstr.dataGas == NO_CODE
 		dataGas := big.NewInt(int64(len(ret)))
 		dataGas.Mul(dataGas, params.CreateDataGas)
-		if context.UseGas(dataGas) {
-			ref.SetCode(ret)
+		if contract.UseGas(dataGas) {
+			env.Db().SetCode(addr, ret)
 		}
-		addr = ref.Address()
 
 		stack.push(addr.Big())
 
 	}
 }
 
-func opCall(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opCall(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	gas := stack.pop()
 	// pop gas and value of the stack.
 	addr, value := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
@@ -478,7 +487,7 @@ func opCall(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory
 		gas.Add(gas, params.CallStipend)
 	}
 
-	ret, err := env.Call(context, address, args, gas, context.Price, value)
+	ret, err := env.Call(contract, address, args, gas, contract.Price, value)
 
 	if err != nil {
 		stack.push(new(big.Int))
@@ -490,7 +499,7 @@ func opCall(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory
 	}
 }
 
-func opCallCode(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+func opCallCode(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
 	gas := stack.pop()
 	// pop gas and value of the stack.
 	addr, value := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
@@ -509,7 +518,7 @@ func opCallCode(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Me
 		gas.Add(gas, params.CallStipend)
 	}
 
-	ret, err := env.CallCode(context, address, args, gas, context.Price, value)
+	ret, err := env.CallCode(contract, address, args, gas, contract.Price, value)
 
 	if err != nil {
 		stack.push(new(big.Int))
@@ -521,14 +530,58 @@ func opCallCode(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Me
 	}
 }
 
-func opReturn(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {}
-func opStop(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack)   {}
+func opReturn(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+}
+func opStop(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+}
+
+func opSuicide(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+	//receiver := env.Db().GetOrNewStateObject(common.BigToAddress(stack.pop()))
+	//receiver.AddBalance(balance)
+	balance := env.Db().GetBalance(contract.Address())
+	env.Db().AddBalance(common.BigToAddress(stack.pop()), balance)
+
+	env.Db().Delete(contract.Address())
+}
+
+// following functions are used by the instruction jump  table
+
+// make log instruction function
+func makeLog(size int) instrFn {
+	return func(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+		topics := make([]common.Hash, size)
+		mStart, mSize := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
+		for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
+			topics[i] = common.BigToHash(stack.pop())
+		}
+
+		d := memory.Get(mStart.Int64(), mSize.Int64())
+		log := NewLog(contract.Address(), topics, d, env.BlockNumber().Uint64())
+		env.AddLog(log)
+	}
+}
 
-func opSuicide(instr instruction, env Environment, context *Context, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
-	receiver := env.State().GetOrNewStateObject(common.BigToAddress(stack.pop()))
-	balance := env.State().GetBalance(context.Address())
+// make push instruction function
+func makePush(size uint64, bsize *big.Int) instrFn {
+	return func(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+		byts := getData(contract.Code, new(big.Int).SetUint64(*pc+1), bsize)
+		stack.push(common.Bytes2Big(byts))
+		*pc += size
+	}
+}
 
-	receiver.AddBalance(balance)
+// make push instruction function
+func makeDup(size int64) instrFn {
+	return func(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+		stack.dup(int(size))
+	}
+}
 
-	env.State().Delete(context.Address())
+// make swap instruction function
+func makeSwap(size int64) instrFn {
+	// switch n + 1 otherwise n would be swapped with n
+	size += 1
+	return func(instr instruction, pc *uint64, env Environment, contract *Contract, memory *Memory, stack *stack) {
+		stack.swap(int(size))
+	}
 }