cmd, eth, miner: make recommit configurable (#17444)

* cmd, eth, miner: make recommit configurable

* cmd, eth, les, miner: polish a bit

* miner: filter duplicate sealing work

* cmd: remove uncessary conversion

* miner: avoid microptimization in favor of cleaner code

12 files changed, 360 insertions, 71 deletions

diff --git a/cmd/geth/main.go b/cmd/geth/main.go
index a06386051..2e87bb820 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/main.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/main.go
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ var (
 		utils.MinerLegacyEtherbaseFlag,
 		utils.MinerExtraDataFlag,
 		utils.MinerLegacyExtraDataFlag,
+		utils.MinerRecommitIntervalFlag,
 		utils.NATFlag,
 		utils.NoDiscoverFlag,
 		utils.DiscoveryV5Flag,
diff --git a/cmd/geth/usage.go b/cmd/geth/usage.go
index 9e18f7047..674c5d901 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/usage.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/usage.go
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flagGroup{
 			utils.MinerGasTargetFlag,
 			utils.MinerEtherbaseFlag,
 			utils.MinerExtraDataFlag,
+			utils.MinerRecommitIntervalFlag,
 		},
 	},
 	{
diff --git a/cmd/utils/flags.go b/cmd/utils/flags.go
index e3a8cc2ea..731765583 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go
@@ -335,12 +335,12 @@ var (
 	MinerGasPriceFlag = BigFlag{
 		Name:  "miner.gasprice",
 		Usage: "Minimal gas price for mining a transactions",
-		Value: eth.DefaultConfig.GasPrice,
+		Value: eth.DefaultConfig.MinerGasPrice,
 	}
 	MinerLegacyGasPriceFlag = BigFlag{
 		Name:  "gasprice",
 		Usage: "Minimal gas price for mining a transactions (deprecated, use --miner.gasprice)",
-		Value: eth.DefaultConfig.GasPrice,
+		Value: eth.DefaultConfig.MinerGasPrice,
 	}
 	MinerEtherbaseFlag = cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:  "miner.etherbase",
@@ -360,6 +360,11 @@ var (
 		Name:  "extradata",
 		Usage: "Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version, deprecated, use --miner.extradata)",
 	}
+	MinerRecommitIntervalFlag = cli.DurationFlag{
+		Name:  "miner.recommit",
+		Usage: "Time interval to recreate the block being mined.",
+		Value: 3 * time.Second,
+	}
 	// Account settings
 	UnlockedAccountFlag = cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:  "unlock",
@@ -1124,16 +1129,19 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *eth.Config) {
 		cfg.DocRoot = ctx.GlobalString(DocRootFlag.Name)
 	}
 	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(MinerLegacyExtraDataFlag.Name) {
-		cfg.ExtraData = []byte(ctx.GlobalString(MinerLegacyExtraDataFlag.Name))
+		cfg.MinerExtraData = []byte(ctx.GlobalString(MinerLegacyExtraDataFlag.Name))
 	}
 	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(MinerExtraDataFlag.Name) {
-		cfg.ExtraData = []byte(ctx.GlobalString(MinerExtraDataFlag.Name))
+		cfg.MinerExtraData = []byte(ctx.GlobalString(MinerExtraDataFlag.Name))
 	}
 	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(MinerLegacyGasPriceFlag.Name) {
-		cfg.GasPrice = GlobalBig(ctx, MinerLegacyGasPriceFlag.Name)
+		cfg.MinerGasPrice = GlobalBig(ctx, MinerLegacyGasPriceFlag.Name)
 	}
 	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(MinerGasPriceFlag.Name) {
-		cfg.GasPrice = GlobalBig(ctx, MinerGasPriceFlag.Name)
+		cfg.MinerGasPrice = GlobalBig(ctx, MinerGasPriceFlag.Name)
+	}
+	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(MinerRecommitIntervalFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.MinerRecommit = ctx.Duration(MinerRecommitIntervalFlag.Name)
 	}
 	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(VMEnableDebugFlag.Name) {
 		// TODO(fjl): force-enable this in --dev mode
@@ -1176,7 +1184,7 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *eth.Config) {
 
 		cfg.Genesis = core.DeveloperGenesisBlock(uint64(ctx.GlobalInt(DeveloperPeriodFlag.Name)), developer.Address)
 		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(MinerGasPriceFlag.Name) && !ctx.GlobalIsSet(MinerLegacyGasPriceFlag.Name) {
-			cfg.GasPrice = big.NewInt(1)
+			cfg.MinerGasPrice = big.NewInt(1)
 		}
 	}
 	// TODO(fjl): move trie cache generations into config
diff --git a/eth/api.go b/eth/api.go
index c1fbcb6d4..4b0ba8edb 100644
--- a/eth/api.go
+++ b/eth/api.go
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
@@ -160,6 +161,11 @@ func (api *PrivateMinerAPI) SetEtherbase(etherbase common.Address) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
+// SetRecommitInterval updates the interval for miner sealing work recommitting.
+func (api *PrivateMinerAPI) SetRecommitInterval(interval int) {
+	api.e.Miner().SetRecommitInterval(time.Duration(interval) * time.Millisecond)
+}
+
 // GetHashrate returns the current hashrate of the miner.
 func (api *PrivateMinerAPI) GetHashrate() uint64 {
 	return api.e.miner.HashRate()
diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index 588b78256..648175acf 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func New(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 		engine:         CreateConsensusEngine(ctx, chainConfig, &config.Ethash, config.MinerNotify, chainDb),
 		shutdownChan:   make(chan bool),
 		networkID:      config.NetworkId,
-		gasPrice:       config.GasPrice,
+		gasPrice:       config.MinerGasPrice,
 		etherbase:      config.Etherbase,
 		bloomRequests:  make(chan chan *bloombits.Retrieval),
 		bloomIndexer:   NewBloomIndexer(chainDb, params.BloomBitsBlocks, bloomConfirms),
@@ -167,13 +167,13 @@ func New(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *Config) (*Ethereum, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	eth.miner = miner.New(eth, eth.chainConfig, eth.EventMux(), eth.engine)
-	eth.miner.SetExtra(makeExtraData(config.ExtraData))
+	eth.miner = miner.New(eth, eth.chainConfig, eth.EventMux(), eth.engine, config.MinerRecommit)
+	eth.miner.SetExtra(makeExtraData(config.MinerExtraData))
 
 	eth.APIBackend = &EthAPIBackend{eth, nil}
 	gpoParams := config.GPO
 	if gpoParams.Default == nil {
-		gpoParams.Default = config.GasPrice
+		gpoParams.Default = config.MinerGasPrice
 	}
 	eth.APIBackend.gpo = gasprice.NewOracle(eth.APIBackend, gpoParams)
 
diff --git a/eth/config.go b/eth/config.go
index 0c82f2923..cbd02416b 100644
--- a/eth/config.go
+++ b/eth/config.go
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ var DefaultConfig = Config{
 	DatabaseCache: 768,
 	TrieCache:     256,
 	TrieTimeout:   60 * time.Minute,
-	GasPrice:      big.NewInt(18 * params.Shannon),
+	MinerGasPrice: big.NewInt(18 * params.Shannon),
 
 	TxPool: core.DefaultTxPoolConfig,
 	GPO: gasprice.Config{
@@ -95,11 +95,12 @@ type Config struct {
 	TrieTimeout        time.Duration
 
 	// Mining-related options
-	Etherbase    common.Address `toml:",omitempty"`
-	MinerThreads int            `toml:",omitempty"`
-	MinerNotify  []string       `toml:",omitempty"`
-	ExtraData    []byte         `toml:",omitempty"`
-	GasPrice     *big.Int
+	Etherbase      common.Address `toml:",omitempty"`
+	MinerThreads   int            `toml:",omitempty"`
+	MinerNotify    []string       `toml:",omitempty"`
+	MinerExtraData []byte         `toml:",omitempty"`
+	MinerGasPrice  *big.Int
+	MinerRecommit  time.Duration
 
 	// Ethash options
 	Ethash ethash.Config
@@ -118,5 +119,5 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 
 type configMarshaling struct {
-	ExtraData hexutil.Bytes
+	MinerExtraData hexutil.Bytes
 }
diff --git a/eth/gen_config.go b/eth/gen_config.go
index 4f2e82d94..62556be7e 100644
--- a/eth/gen_config.go
+++ b/eth/gen_config.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package eth
 
 import (
 	"math/big"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
@@ -15,20 +16,26 @@ import (
 
 var _ = (*configMarshaling)(nil)
 
+// MarshalTOML marshals as TOML.
 func (c Config) MarshalTOML() (interface{}, error) {
 	type Config struct {
 		Genesis                 *core.Genesis `toml:",omitempty"`
 		NetworkId               uint64
 		SyncMode                downloader.SyncMode
+		NoPruning               bool
 		LightServ               int  `toml:",omitempty"`
 		LightPeers              int  `toml:",omitempty"`
 		SkipBcVersionCheck      bool `toml:"-"`
 		DatabaseHandles         int  `toml:"-"`
 		DatabaseCache           int
+		TrieCache               int
+		TrieTimeout             time.Duration
 		Etherbase               common.Address `toml:",omitempty"`
 		MinerThreads            int            `toml:",omitempty"`
-		ExtraData               hexutil.Bytes  `toml:",omitempty"`
-		GasPrice                *big.Int
+		MinerNotify             []string       `toml:",omitempty"`
+		MinerExtraData          hexutil.Bytes  `toml:",omitempty"`
+		MinerGasPrice           *big.Int
+		MinerRecommit           time.Duration
 		Ethash                  ethash.Config
 		TxPool                  core.TxPoolConfig
 		GPO                     gasprice.Config
@@ -39,15 +46,20 @@ func (c Config) MarshalTOML() (interface{}, error) {
 	enc.Genesis = c.Genesis
 	enc.NetworkId = c.NetworkId
 	enc.SyncMode = c.SyncMode
+	enc.NoPruning = c.NoPruning
 	enc.LightServ = c.LightServ
 	enc.LightPeers = c.LightPeers
 	enc.SkipBcVersionCheck = c.SkipBcVersionCheck
 	enc.DatabaseHandles = c.DatabaseHandles
 	enc.DatabaseCache = c.DatabaseCache
+	enc.TrieCache = c.TrieCache
+	enc.TrieTimeout = c.TrieTimeout
 	enc.Etherbase = c.Etherbase
 	enc.MinerThreads = c.MinerThreads
-	enc.ExtraData = c.ExtraData
-	enc.GasPrice = c.GasPrice
+	enc.MinerNotify = c.MinerNotify
+	enc.MinerExtraData = c.MinerExtraData
+	enc.MinerGasPrice = c.MinerGasPrice
+	enc.MinerRecommit = c.MinerRecommit
 	enc.Ethash = c.Ethash
 	enc.TxPool = c.TxPool
 	enc.GPO = c.GPO
@@ -56,20 +68,26 @@ func (c Config) MarshalTOML() (interface{}, error) {
 	return &enc, nil
 }
 
+// UnmarshalTOML unmarshals from TOML.
 func (c *Config) UnmarshalTOML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	type Config struct {
 		Genesis                 *core.Genesis `toml:",omitempty"`
 		NetworkId               *uint64
 		SyncMode                *downloader.SyncMode
+		NoPruning               *bool
 		LightServ               *int  `toml:",omitempty"`
 		LightPeers              *int  `toml:",omitempty"`
 		SkipBcVersionCheck      *bool `toml:"-"`
 		DatabaseHandles         *int  `toml:"-"`
 		DatabaseCache           *int
+		TrieCache               *int
+		TrieTimeout             *time.Duration
 		Etherbase               *common.Address `toml:",omitempty"`
 		MinerThreads            *int            `toml:",omitempty"`
-		ExtraData               *hexutil.Bytes  `toml:",omitempty"`
-		GasPrice                *big.Int
+		MinerNotify             []string        `toml:",omitempty"`
+		MinerExtraData          *hexutil.Bytes  `toml:",omitempty"`
+		MinerGasPrice           *big.Int
+		MinerRecommit           *time.Duration
 		Ethash                  *ethash.Config
 		TxPool                  *core.TxPoolConfig
 		GPO                     *gasprice.Config
@@ -89,6 +107,9 @@ func (c *Config) UnmarshalTOML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	if dec.SyncMode != nil {
 		c.SyncMode = *dec.SyncMode
 	}
+	if dec.NoPruning != nil {
+		c.NoPruning = *dec.NoPruning
+	}
 	if dec.LightServ != nil {
 		c.LightServ = *dec.LightServ
 	}
@@ -104,17 +125,29 @@ func (c *Config) UnmarshalTOML(unmarshal func(interface{}) error) error {
 	if dec.DatabaseCache != nil {
 		c.DatabaseCache = *dec.DatabaseCache
 	}
+	if dec.TrieCache != nil {
+		c.TrieCache = *dec.TrieCache
+	}
+	if dec.TrieTimeout != nil {
+		c.TrieTimeout = *dec.TrieTimeout
+	}
 	if dec.Etherbase != nil {
 		c.Etherbase = *dec.Etherbase
 	}
 	if dec.MinerThreads != nil {
 		c.MinerThreads = *dec.MinerThreads
 	}
-	if dec.ExtraData != nil {
-		c.ExtraData = *dec.ExtraData
+	if dec.MinerNotify != nil {
+		c.MinerNotify = dec.MinerNotify
+	}
+	if dec.MinerExtraData != nil {
+		c.MinerExtraData = *dec.MinerExtraData
+	}
+	if dec.MinerGasPrice != nil {
+		c.MinerGasPrice = dec.MinerGasPrice
 	}
-	if dec.GasPrice != nil {
-		c.GasPrice = dec.GasPrice
+	if dec.MinerRecommit != nil {
+		c.MinerRecommit = *dec.MinerRecommit
 	}
 	if dec.Ethash != nil {
 		c.Ethash = *dec.Ethash
diff --git a/internal/web3ext/web3ext.go b/internal/web3ext/web3ext.go
index 000e3728d..f4eb47a12 100644
--- a/internal/web3ext/web3ext.go
+++ b/internal/web3ext/web3ext.go
@@ -520,6 +520,11 @@ web3._extend({
 			inputFormatter: [web3._extend.utils.fromDecimal]
 		}),
 		new web3._extend.Method({
+			name: 'setRecommitInterval',
+			call: 'miner_setRecommitInterval',
+			params: 1,
+		}),
+		new web3._extend.Method({
 			name: 'getHashrate',
 			call: 'miner_getHashrate'
 		}),
diff --git a/les/backend.go b/les/backend.go
index d26c1470f..00025ba63 100644
--- a/les/backend.go
+++ b/les/backend.go
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ func New(ctx *node.ServiceContext, config *eth.Config) (*LightEthereum, error) {
 	leth.ApiBackend = &LesApiBackend{leth, nil}
 	gpoParams := config.GPO
 	if gpoParams.Default == nil {
-		gpoParams.Default = config.GasPrice
+		gpoParams.Default = config.MinerGasPrice
 	}
 	leth.ApiBackend.gpo = gasprice.NewOracle(leth.ApiBackend, gpoParams)
 	return leth, nil
diff --git a/miner/miner.go b/miner/miner.go
index e350e456e..c5a0c9d62 100644
--- a/miner/miner.go
+++ b/miner/miner.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ package miner
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
@@ -51,13 +52,13 @@ type Miner struct {
 	shouldStart int32 // should start indicates whether we should start after sync
 }
 
-func New(eth Backend, config *params.ChainConfig, mux *event.TypeMux, engine consensus.Engine) *Miner {
+func New(eth Backend, config *params.ChainConfig, mux *event.TypeMux, engine consensus.Engine, recommit time.Duration) *Miner {
 	miner := &Miner{
 		eth:      eth,
 		mux:      mux,
 		engine:   engine,
 		exitCh:   make(chan struct{}),
-		worker:   newWorker(config, engine, eth, mux),
+		worker:   newWorker(config, engine, eth, mux, recommit),
 		canStart: 1,
 	}
 	go miner.update()
@@ -144,6 +145,11 @@ func (self *Miner) SetExtra(extra []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// SetRecommitInterval sets the interval for sealing work resubmitting.
+func (self *Miner) SetRecommitInterval(interval time.Duration) {
+	self.worker.setRecommitInterval(interval)
+}
+
 // Pending returns the currently pending block and associated state.
 func (self *Miner) Pending() (*types.Block, *state.StateDB) {
 	return self.worker.pending()
diff --git a/miner/worker.go b/miner/worker.go
index 23cfaf225..c299ff9dc 100644
--- a/miner/worker.go
+++ b/miner/worker.go
@@ -51,12 +51,27 @@ const (
 	// chainSideChanSize is the size of channel listening to ChainSideEvent.
 	chainSideChanSize = 10
 
+	// resubmitAdjustChanSize is the size of resubmitting interval adjustment channel.
+	resubmitAdjustChanSize = 10
+
 	// miningLogAtDepth is the number of confirmations before logging successful mining.
 	miningLogAtDepth = 5
 
-	// blockRecommitInterval is the time interval to recreate the mining block with
+	// minRecommitInterval is the minimal time interval to recreate the mining block with
+	// any newly arrived transactions.
+	minRecommitInterval = 1 * time.Second
+
+	// maxRecommitInterval is the maximum time interval to recreate the mining block with
 	// any newly arrived transactions.
-	blockRecommitInterval = 3 * time.Second
+	maxRecommitInterval = 15 * time.Second
+
+	// intervalAdjustRatio is the impact a single interval adjustment has on sealing work
+	// resubmitting interval.
+	intervalAdjustRatio = 0.1
+
+	// intervalAdjustBias is applied during the new resubmit interval calculation in favor of
+	// increasing upper limit or decreasing lower limit so that the limit can be reachable.
+	intervalAdjustBias = 200 * 1000.0 * 1000.0
 )
 
 // environment is the worker's current environment and holds all of the current state information.
@@ -89,11 +104,18 @@ const (
 	commitInterruptResubmit
 )
 
+// newWorkReq represents a request for new sealing work submitting with relative interrupt notifier.
 type newWorkReq struct {
 	interrupt *int32
 	noempty   bool
 }
 
+// intervalAdjust represents a resubmitting interval adjustment.
+type intervalAdjust struct {
+	ratio float64
+	inc   bool
+}
+
 // worker is the main object which takes care of submitting new work to consensus engine
 // and gathering the sealing result.
 type worker struct {
@@ -112,11 +134,13 @@ type worker struct {
 	chainSideSub event.Subscription
 
 	// Channels
-	newWorkCh chan *newWorkReq
-	taskCh    chan *task
-	resultCh  chan *task
-	startCh   chan struct{}
-	exitCh    chan struct{}
+	newWorkCh          chan *newWorkReq
+	taskCh             chan *task
+	resultCh           chan *task
+	startCh            chan struct{}
+	exitCh             chan struct{}
+	resubmitIntervalCh chan time.Duration
+	resubmitAdjustCh   chan *intervalAdjust
 
 	current        *environment                 // An environment for current running cycle.
 	possibleUncles map[common.Hash]*types.Block // A set of side blocks as the possible uncle blocks.
@@ -132,30 +156,34 @@ type worker struct {
 
 	// atomic status counters
 	running int32 // The indicator whether the consensus engine is running or not.
+	newTxs  int32 // New arrival transaction count since last sealing work submitting.
 
 	// Test hooks
-	newTaskHook  func(*task)      // Method to call upon receiving a new sealing task
-	skipSealHook func(*task) bool // Method to decide whether skipping the sealing.
-	fullTaskHook func()           // Method to call before pushing the full sealing task
+	newTaskHook  func(*task)                        // Method to call upon receiving a new sealing task.
+	skipSealHook func(*task) bool                   // Method to decide whether skipping the sealing.
+	fullTaskHook func()                             // Method to call before pushing the full sealing task.
+	resubmitHook func(time.Duration, time.Duration) // Method to call upon updating resubmitting interval.
 }
 
-func newWorker(config *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine, eth Backend, mux *event.TypeMux) *worker {
+func newWorker(config *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine, eth Backend, mux *event.TypeMux, recommit time.Duration) *worker {
 	worker := &worker{
-		config:         config,
-		engine:         engine,
-		eth:            eth,
-		mux:            mux,
-		chain:          eth.BlockChain(),
-		possibleUncles: make(map[common.Hash]*types.Block),
-		unconfirmed:    newUnconfirmedBlocks(eth.BlockChain(), miningLogAtDepth),
-		txsCh:          make(chan core.NewTxsEvent, txChanSize),
-		chainHeadCh:    make(chan core.ChainHeadEvent, chainHeadChanSize),
-		chainSideCh:    make(chan core.ChainSideEvent, chainSideChanSize),
-		newWorkCh:      make(chan *newWorkReq),
-		taskCh:         make(chan *task),
-		resultCh:       make(chan *task, resultQueueSize),
-		exitCh:         make(chan struct{}),
-		startCh:        make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		config:             config,
+		engine:             engine,
+		eth:                eth,
+		mux:                mux,
+		chain:              eth.BlockChain(),
+		possibleUncles:     make(map[common.Hash]*types.Block),
+		unconfirmed:        newUnconfirmedBlocks(eth.BlockChain(), miningLogAtDepth),
+		txsCh:              make(chan core.NewTxsEvent, txChanSize),
+		chainHeadCh:        make(chan core.ChainHeadEvent, chainHeadChanSize),
+		chainSideCh:        make(chan core.ChainSideEvent, chainSideChanSize),
+		newWorkCh:          make(chan *newWorkReq),
+		taskCh:             make(chan *task),
+		resultCh:           make(chan *task, resultQueueSize),
+		exitCh:             make(chan struct{}),
+		startCh:            make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		resubmitIntervalCh: make(chan time.Duration),
+		resubmitAdjustCh:   make(chan *intervalAdjust, resubmitAdjustChanSize),
 	}
 	// Subscribe NewTxsEvent for tx pool
 	worker.txsSub = eth.TxPool().SubscribeNewTxsEvent(worker.txsCh)
@@ -163,8 +191,14 @@ func newWorker(config *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine, eth Backend,
 	worker.chainHeadSub = eth.BlockChain().SubscribeChainHeadEvent(worker.chainHeadCh)
 	worker.chainSideSub = eth.BlockChain().SubscribeChainSideEvent(worker.chainSideCh)
 
+	// Sanitize recommit interval if the user-specified one is too short.
+	if recommit < minRecommitInterval {
+		log.Warn("Sanitizing miner recommit interval", "provided", recommit, "updated", minRecommitInterval)
+		recommit = minRecommitInterval
+	}
+
 	go worker.mainLoop()
-	go worker.newWorkLoop()
+	go worker.newWorkLoop(recommit)
 	go worker.resultLoop()
 	go worker.taskLoop()
 
@@ -188,6 +222,11 @@ func (w *worker) setExtra(extra []byte) {
 	w.extra = extra
 }
 
+// setRecommitInterval updates the interval for miner sealing work recommitting.
+func (w *worker) setRecommitInterval(interval time.Duration) {
+	w.resubmitIntervalCh <- interval
+}
+
 // pending returns the pending state and corresponding block.
 func (w *worker) pending() (*types.Block, *state.StateDB) {
 	// return a snapshot to avoid contention on currentMu mutex
@@ -238,35 +277,94 @@ func (w *worker) close() {
 }
 
 // newWorkLoop is a standalone goroutine to submit new mining work upon received events.
-func (w *worker) newWorkLoop() {
-	var interrupt *int32
+func (w *worker) newWorkLoop(recommit time.Duration) {
+	var (
+		interrupt   *int32
+		minRecommit = recommit // minimal resubmit interval specified by user.
+	)
 
 	timer := time.NewTimer(0)
 	<-timer.C // discard the initial tick
 
-	// recommit aborts in-flight transaction execution with given signal and resubmits a new one.
-	recommit := func(noempty bool, s int32) {
+	// commit aborts in-flight transaction execution with given signal and resubmits a new one.
+	commit := func(noempty bool, s int32) {
 		if interrupt != nil {
 			atomic.StoreInt32(interrupt, s)
 		}
 		interrupt = new(int32)
 		w.newWorkCh <- &newWorkReq{interrupt: interrupt, noempty: noempty}
-		timer.Reset(blockRecommitInterval)
+		timer.Reset(recommit)
+		atomic.StoreInt32(&w.newTxs, 0)
+	}
+	// recalcRecommit recalculates the resubmitting interval upon feedback.
+	recalcRecommit := func(target float64, inc bool) {
+		var (
+			prev = float64(recommit.Nanoseconds())
+			next float64
+		)
+		if inc {
+			next = prev*(1-intervalAdjustRatio) + intervalAdjustRatio*(target+intervalAdjustBias)
+			// Recap if interval is larger than the maximum time interval
+			if next > float64(maxRecommitInterval.Nanoseconds()) {
+				next = float64(maxRecommitInterval.Nanoseconds())
+			}
+		} else {
+			next = prev*(1-intervalAdjustRatio) + intervalAdjustRatio*(target-intervalAdjustBias)
+			// Recap if interval is less than the user specified minimum
+			if next < float64(minRecommit.Nanoseconds()) {
+				next = float64(minRecommit.Nanoseconds())
+			}
+		}
+		recommit = time.Duration(int64(next))
 	}
 
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-w.startCh:
-			recommit(false, commitInterruptNewHead)
+			commit(false, commitInterruptNewHead)
 
 		case <-w.chainHeadCh:
-			recommit(false, commitInterruptNewHead)
+			commit(false, commitInterruptNewHead)
 
 		case <-timer.C:
 			// If mining is running resubmit a new work cycle periodically to pull in
 			// higher priced transactions. Disable this overhead for pending blocks.
 			if w.isRunning() && (w.config.Clique == nil || w.config.Clique.Period > 0) {
-				recommit(true, commitInterruptResubmit)
+				// Short circuit if no new transaction arrives.
+				if atomic.LoadInt32(&w.newTxs) == 0 {
+					timer.Reset(recommit)
+					continue
+				}
+				commit(true, commitInterruptResubmit)
+			}
+
+		case interval := <-w.resubmitIntervalCh:
+			// Adjust resubmit interval explicitly by user.
+			if interval < minRecommitInterval {
+				log.Warn("Sanitizing miner recommit interval", "provided", interval, "updated", minRecommitInterval)
+				interval = minRecommitInterval
+			}
+			log.Info("Miner recommit interval update", "from", minRecommit, "to", interval)
+			minRecommit, recommit = interval, interval
+
+			if w.resubmitHook != nil {
+				w.resubmitHook(minRecommit, recommit)
+			}
+
+		case adjust := <-w.resubmitAdjustCh:
+			// Adjust resubmit interval by feedback.
+			if adjust.inc {
+				before := recommit
+				recalcRecommit(float64(recommit.Nanoseconds())/adjust.ratio, true)
+				log.Trace("Increase miner recommit interval", "from", before, "to", recommit)
+			} else {
+				before := recommit
+				recalcRecommit(float64(minRecommit.Nanoseconds()), false)
+				log.Trace("Decrease miner recommit interval", "from", before, "to", recommit)
+			}
+
+			if w.resubmitHook != nil {
+				w.resubmitHook(minRecommit, recommit)
 			}
 
 		case <-w.exitCh:
@@ -339,6 +437,7 @@ func (w *worker) mainLoop() {
 					w.commitNewWork(nil, false)
 				}
 			}
+			atomic.AddInt32(&w.newTxs, int32(len(ev.Txs)))
 
 		// System stopped
 		case <-w.exitCh:
@@ -383,7 +482,10 @@ func (w *worker) seal(t *task, stop <-chan struct{}) {
 // taskLoop is a standalone goroutine to fetch sealing task from the generator and
 // push them to consensus engine.
 func (w *worker) taskLoop() {
-	var stopCh chan struct{}
+	var (
+		stopCh chan struct{}
+		prev   common.Hash
+	)
 
 	// interrupt aborts the in-flight sealing task.
 	interrupt := func() {
@@ -398,8 +500,13 @@ func (w *worker) taskLoop() {
 			if w.newTaskHook != nil {
 				w.newTaskHook(task)
 			}
+			// Reject duplicate sealing work due to resubmitting.
+			if task.block.HashNoNonce() == prev {
+				continue
+			}
 			interrupt()
 			stopCh = make(chan struct{})
+			prev = task.block.HashNoNonce()
 			go w.seal(task, stopCh)
 		case <-w.exitCh:
 			interrupt()
@@ -414,11 +521,15 @@ func (w *worker) resultLoop() {
 	for {
 		select {
 		case result := <-w.resultCh:
+			// Short circuit when receiving empty result.
 			if result == nil {
 				continue
 			}
+			// Short circuit when receiving duplicate result caused by resubmitting.
 			block := result.block
-
+			if w.chain.HasBlock(block.Hash(), block.NumberU64()) {
+				continue
+			}
 			// Update the block hash in all logs since it is now available and not when the
 			// receipt/log of individual transactions were created.
 			for _, r := range result.receipts {
@@ -568,8 +679,18 @@ func (w *worker) commitTransactions(txs *types.TransactionsByPriceAndNonce, coin
 		// (3) worker recreate the mining block with any newly arrived transactions, the interrupt signal is 2.
 		// For the first two cases, the semi-finished work will be discarded.
 		// For the third case, the semi-finished work will be submitted to the consensus engine.
-		// TODO(rjl493456442) give feedback to newWorkLoop to adjust resubmit interval if it is too short.
 		if interrupt != nil && atomic.LoadInt32(interrupt) != commitInterruptNone {
+			// Notify resubmit loop to increase resubmitting interval due to too frequent commits.
+			if atomic.LoadInt32(interrupt) == commitInterruptResubmit {
+				ratio := float64(w.current.header.GasLimit-w.current.gasPool.Gas()) / float64(w.current.header.GasLimit)
+				if ratio < 0.1 {
+					ratio = 0.1
+				}
+				w.resubmitAdjustCh <- &intervalAdjust{
+					ratio: ratio,
+					inc:   true,
+				}
+			}
 			return atomic.LoadInt32(interrupt) == commitInterruptNewHead
 		}
 		// If we don't have enough gas for any further transactions then we're done
@@ -644,6 +765,11 @@ func (w *worker) commitTransactions(txs *types.TransactionsByPriceAndNonce, coin
 		}
 		go w.mux.Post(core.PendingLogsEvent{Logs: cpy})
 	}
+	// Notify resubmit loop to decrease resubmitting interval if current interval is larger
+	// than the user-specified one.
+	if interrupt != nil {
+		w.resubmitAdjustCh <- &intervalAdjust{inc: false}
+	}
 	return false
 }
 
diff --git a/miner/worker_test.go b/miner/worker_test.go
index 34bb7f5f3..16708c18c 100644
--- a/miner/worker_test.go
+++ b/miner/worker_test.go
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func (b *testWorkerBackend) PostChainEvents(events []interface{}) {
 func newTestWorker(t *testing.T, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine) (*worker, *testWorkerBackend) {
 	backend := newTestWorkerBackend(t, chainConfig, engine)
 	backend.txPool.AddLocals(pendingTxs)
-	w := newWorker(chainConfig, engine, backend, new(event.TypeMux))
+	w := newWorker(chainConfig, engine, backend, new(event.TypeMux), time.Second)
 	w.setEtherbase(testBankAddress)
 	return w, backend
 }
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ func testRegenerateMiningBlock(t *testing.T, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, en
 		}
 	}
 	b.txPool.AddLocals(newTxs)
-	time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
+	time.Sleep(time.Second)
 
 	select {
 	case <-taskCh:
@@ -335,3 +335,105 @@ func testRegenerateMiningBlock(t *testing.T, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, en
 		t.Error("new task timeout")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestAdjustIntervalEthash(t *testing.T) {
+	testAdjustInterval(t, ethashChainConfig, ethash.NewFaker())
+}
+
+func TestAdjustIntervalClique(t *testing.T) {
+	testAdjustInterval(t, cliqueChainConfig, clique.New(cliqueChainConfig.Clique, ethdb.NewMemDatabase()))
+}
+
+func testAdjustInterval(t *testing.T, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine) {
+	defer engine.Close()
+
+	w, _ := newTestWorker(t, chainConfig, engine)
+	defer w.close()
+
+	w.skipSealHook = func(task *task) bool {
+		return true
+	}
+	w.fullTaskHook = func() {
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	var (
+		progress = make(chan struct{}, 10)
+		result   = make([]float64, 0, 10)
+		index    = 0
+		start    = false
+	)
+	w.resubmitHook = func(minInterval time.Duration, recommitInterval time.Duration) {
+		// Short circuit if interval checking hasn't started.
+		if !start {
+			return
+		}
+		var wantMinInterval, wantRecommitInterval time.Duration
+
+		switch index {
+		case 0:
+			wantMinInterval, wantRecommitInterval = 3*time.Second, 3*time.Second
+		case 1:
+			origin := float64(3 * time.Second.Nanoseconds())
+			estimate := origin*(1-intervalAdjustRatio) + intervalAdjustRatio*(origin/0.8+intervalAdjustBias)
+			wantMinInterval, wantRecommitInterval = 3*time.Second, time.Duration(int(estimate))*time.Nanosecond
+		case 2:
+			estimate := result[index-1]
+			min := float64(3 * time.Second.Nanoseconds())
+			estimate = estimate*(1-intervalAdjustRatio) + intervalAdjustRatio*(min-intervalAdjustBias)
+			wantMinInterval, wantRecommitInterval = 3*time.Second, time.Duration(int(estimate))*time.Nanosecond
+		case 3:
+			wantMinInterval, wantRecommitInterval = time.Second, time.Second
+		}
+
+		// Check interval
+		if minInterval != wantMinInterval {
+			t.Errorf("resubmit min interval mismatch want %s has %s", wantMinInterval, minInterval)
+		}
+		if recommitInterval != wantRecommitInterval {
+			t.Errorf("resubmit interval mismatch want %s has %s", wantRecommitInterval, recommitInterval)
+		}
+		result = append(result, float64(recommitInterval.Nanoseconds()))
+		index += 1
+		progress <- struct{}{}
+	}
+	// Ensure worker has finished initialization
+	for {
+		b := w.pendingBlock()
+		if b != nil && b.NumberU64() == 1 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	w.start()
+
+	time.Sleep(time.Second)
+
+	start = true
+	w.setRecommitInterval(3 * time.Second)
+	select {
+	case <-progress:
+	case <-time.NewTimer(time.Second).C:
+		t.Error("interval reset timeout")
+	}
+
+	w.resubmitAdjustCh <- &intervalAdjust{inc: true, ratio: 0.8}
+	select {
+	case <-progress:
+	case <-time.NewTimer(time.Second).C:
+		t.Error("interval reset timeout")
+	}
+
+	w.resubmitAdjustCh <- &intervalAdjust{inc: false}
+	select {
+	case <-progress:
+	case <-time.NewTimer(time.Second).C:
+		t.Error("interval reset timeout")
+	}
+
+	w.setRecommitInterval(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	select {
+	case <-progress:
+	case <-time.NewTimer(time.Second).C:
+		t.Error("interval reset timeout")
+	}
+}