Merge branch origin/develop into accounts-integration

Conflicts:
	cmd/blocktest/main.go
	cmd/mist/debugger.go
	cmd/utils/cmd.go

19 files changed, 577 insertions, 1021 deletions

diff --git a/cmd/blocktest/main.go b/cmd/blocktest/main.go
index d9d97abc9..ec2779e2e 100644
--- a/cmd/blocktest/main.go
+++ b/cmd/blocktest/main.go
@@ -187,6 +187,9 @@ func loadBlocksFromTestFile(filePath string) (blocks types.Blocks, err error) {
 	}
 
 	gb := types.NewBlockWithHeader(gbh)
+	//gb.uncles = *new([]*types.Header)
+	//gb.transactions = *new(types.Transactions)
+	gb.Td = new(big.Int)
 	gb.Reward = new(big.Int)
 
 	testBlock := new(types.Block)
diff --git a/cmd/ethereum/main.go b/cmd/ethereum/main.go
index ed17fcc1f..7b912cf6e 100644
--- a/cmd/ethereum/main.go
+++ b/cmd/ethereum/main.go
@@ -105,6 +105,11 @@ runtime will execute the file and exit.
 			Name:   "import",
 			Usage:  `import a blockchain file`,
 		},
+		{
+			Action: exportchain,
+			Name:   "export",
+			Usage:  `export blockchain into file`,
+		},
 	}
 	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
 		utils.BootnodesFlag,
@@ -232,25 +237,39 @@ func importchain(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	if len(ctx.Args()) != 1 {
 		utils.Fatalf("This command requires an argument.")
 	}
-	chain, _, _ := utils.GetChain(ctx)
+	chainmgr, _, _ := utils.GetChain(ctx)
 	start := time.Now()
-	err := utils.ImportChain(chain, ctx.Args().First())
+	err := utils.ImportChain(chainmgr, ctx.Args().First())
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Import error: %v\n", err)
 	}
-	fmt.Printf("Import done in", time.Since(start))
+	fmt.Printf("Import done in %v", time.Since(start))
+	return
+}
+
+func exportchain(ctx *cli.Context) {
+	if len(ctx.Args()) != 1 {
+		utils.Fatalf("This command requires an argument.")
+	}
+	chainmgr, _, _ := utils.GetChain(ctx)
+	start := time.Now()
+	err := utils.ExportChain(chainmgr, ctx.Args().First())
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Export error: %v\n", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Export done in %v", time.Since(start))
 	return
 }
 
 func dump(ctx *cli.Context) {
-	chain, _, stateDb := utils.GetChain(ctx)
+	chainmgr, _, stateDb := utils.GetChain(ctx)
 	for _, arg := range ctx.Args() {
 		var block *types.Block
 		if hashish(arg) {
-			block = chain.GetBlock(ethutil.Hex2Bytes(arg))
+			block = chainmgr.GetBlock(ethutil.Hex2Bytes(arg))
 		} else {
 			num, _ := strconv.Atoi(arg)
-			block = chain.GetBlockByNumber(uint64(num))
+			block = chainmgr.GetBlockByNumber(uint64(num))
 		}
 		if block == nil {
 			fmt.Println("{}")
@@ -264,13 +283,15 @@ func dump(ctx *cli.Context) {
 }
 
 func version(c *cli.Context) {
-	fmt.Printf(`%v %v
-PV=%d
-GOOS=%s
-GO=%s
+	fmt.Printf(`%v
+Version: %v
+Protocol Version: %d
+Network Id: %d
+GO: %s
+OS: %s
 GOPATH=%s
 GOROOT=%s
-`, ClientIdentifier, Version, eth.ProtocolVersion, runtime.GOOS, runtime.Version(), os.Getenv("GOPATH"), runtime.GOROOT())
+`, ClientIdentifier, Version, eth.ProtocolVersion, eth.NetworkId, runtime.Version(), runtime.GOOS, os.Getenv("GOPATH"), runtime.GOROOT())
 }
 
 // hashish returns true for strings that look like hashes.
diff --git a/cmd/mist/assets/qml/main.qml b/cmd/mist/assets/qml/main.qml
index 1626a63a9..8558ebd51 100644
--- a/cmd/mist/assets/qml/main.qml
+++ b/cmd/mist/assets/qml/main.qml
@@ -200,13 +200,6 @@ ApplicationWindow {
         Menu {
             title: "Developer"
             MenuItem {
-                iconSource: "../icecream.png"
-                text: "Debugger"
-                shortcut: "Ctrl+d"
-                onTriggered: eth.startDebugger()
-            }
-
-            MenuItem {
                 text: "Import Tx"
                 onTriggered: {
                     txImportDialog.visible = true
@@ -761,24 +754,6 @@ ApplicationWindow {
                      }
                  }
 
-                 Rectangle {
-                     height: 55
-                     color: "transparent"
-                     visible: true
-                     Text {
-                         text: "DEBUG"
-                         font.family: sourceSansPro.name 
-                         font.weight: Font.DemiBold
-                         anchors {
-                             left: parent.left
-                             top: parent.verticalCenter
-                             leftMargin: 16
-                         }
-                         color: "#AAA0A0"
-                     }
-                 }
-
-
                  ColumnLayout {
                      id: menuLegacy
                      visible: true
diff --git a/cmd/mist/assets/qml/views/chain.qml b/cmd/mist/assets/qml/views/chain.qml
index 4d1bc0e03..9892beddf 100644
--- a/cmd/mist/assets/qml/views/chain.qml
+++ b/cmd/mist/assets/qml/views/chain.qml
@@ -178,7 +178,6 @@ Rectangle {
 		}
 
 		function showContractData(tx) {
-			txDetailsDebugButton.tx = tx
 			if(tx.createsContract) {
 				contractData.text = tx.data
 				contractLabel.text = "<h4> Transaction created contract " + tx.address + "</h4>"
@@ -202,22 +201,6 @@ Rectangle {
 				id: contractLabel
 				anchors.leftMargin: 10
 			}
-			Button {
-				property var tx
-				id: txDetailsDebugButton
-				anchors.right: parent.right
-				anchors.rightMargin: 10
-				anchors.top: parent.top
-				anchors.topMargin: 10
-				text: "Debug contract"
-				onClicked: {
-					if(tx && tx.createsContract){
-						eth.startDbWithCode(tx.rawData)
-					}else {
-						eth.startDbWithContractAndData(tx.address, tx.rawData)
-					}
-				}
-			}
 			TextArea {
 				id: contractData
 				text: "Contract"
diff --git a/cmd/mist/debugger.go b/cmd/mist/debugger.go
deleted file mode 100644
index bd8ddde37..000000000
--- a/cmd/mist/debugger.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,369 +0,0 @@
-/*
-	This file is part of go-ethereum
-
-	go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-	(at your option) any later version.
-
-	go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-	GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-	along with go-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-/**
- * @authors
- * 	Jeffrey Wilcke <i@jev.io>
- */
-package main
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"math/big"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"unicode"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/vm"
-	"github.com/obscuren/qml"
-)
-
-type DebuggerWindow struct {
-	win    *qml.Window
-	engine *qml.Engine
-	lib    *UiLib
-
-	vm *vm.Vm
-	Db *Debugger
-
-	state *state.StateDB
-}
-
-func NewDebuggerWindow(lib *UiLib) *DebuggerWindow {
-	engine := qml.NewEngine()
-	component, err := engine.LoadFile(lib.AssetPath("debugger/debugger.qml"))
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println(err)
-
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	win := component.CreateWindow(nil)
-
-	w := &DebuggerWindow{engine: engine, win: win, lib: lib, vm: &vm.Vm{}}
-	w.Db = NewDebugger(w)
-
-	return w
-}
-
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) Show() {
-	context := self.engine.Context()
-	context.SetVar("dbg", self)
-
-	go func() {
-		self.win.Show()
-		self.win.Wait()
-	}()
-}
-
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) SetCode(code string) {
-	self.win.Set("codeText", code)
-}
-
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) SetData(data string) {
-	self.win.Set("dataText", data)
-}
-
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) SetAsm(data []byte) {
-	self.win.Root().Call("clearAsm")
-
-	dis := core.Disassemble(data)
-	for _, str := range dis {
-		self.win.Root().Call("setAsm", str)
-	}
-}
-
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) Compile(code string) {
-	var err error
-	script := ethutil.StringToByteFunc(code, func(s string) (ret []byte) {
-		ret, err = ethutil.Compile(s, true)
-		return
-	})
-
-	if err == nil {
-		self.SetAsm(script)
-	}
-}
-
-// Used by QML
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) AutoComp(code string) {
-	if self.Db.done {
-		self.Compile(code)
-	}
-}
-
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) ClearLog() {
-	self.win.Root().Call("clearLog")
-}
-
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) Debug(valueStr, gasStr, gasPriceStr, scriptStr, dataStr string) {
-	self.Stop()
-
-	defer func() {
-		if r := recover(); r != nil {
-			self.Logf("compile FAULT: %v", r)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	data := utils.FormatTransactionData(dataStr)
-
-	var err error
-	script := ethutil.StringToByteFunc(scriptStr, func(s string) (ret []byte) {
-		ret, err = ethutil.Compile(s, false)
-		return
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		self.Logln(err)
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	// TODO: improve this
-	allAccounts, _ := self.lib.eth.AccountManager().Accounts()
-
-	var (
-		gas      = ethutil.Big(gasStr)
-		gasPrice = ethutil.Big(gasPriceStr)
-		value    = ethutil.Big(valueStr)
-		acc      = allAccounts[0]
-	)
-
-	statedb := self.lib.eth.ChainManager().TransState()
-	account := self.lib.eth.ChainManager().TransState().GetAccount(acc.Address)
-	contract := statedb.NewStateObject([]byte{0})
-	contract.SetCode(script)
-	contract.SetBalance(value)
-
-	self.SetAsm(script)
-
-	block := self.lib.eth.ChainManager().CurrentBlock()
-
-	msg := types.NewTransactionMessage(nil, value, gas, gasPrice, data)
-	env := core.NewEnv(statedb, self.lib.eth.ChainManager(), msg, block)
-
-	self.Logf("callsize %d", len(script))
-	go func() {
-		pgas := new(big.Int).Set(gas)
-		ret, err := env.Call(account, contract.Address(), data, gas, gasPrice, ethutil.Big0)
-
-		rgas := new(big.Int).Sub(pgas, gas)
-		tot := new(big.Int).Mul(rgas, gasPrice)
-		self.Logf("gas usage %v total price = %v (%v)", rgas, tot, ethutil.CurrencyToString(tot))
-		if err != nil {
-			self.Logln("exited with errors:", err)
-		} else {
-			if len(ret) > 0 {
-				self.Logf("exited: % x", ret)
-			} else {
-				self.Logf("exited: nil")
-			}
-		}
-
-		statedb.Reset()
-
-		if !self.Db.interrupt {
-			self.Db.done = true
-		} else {
-			self.Db.interrupt = false
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) Logf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
-	self.win.Root().Call("setLog", fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
-}
-
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) Logln(v ...interface{}) {
-	str := fmt.Sprintln(v...)
-	self.Logf("%s", str[:len(str)-1])
-}
-
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) Next() {
-	self.Db.Next()
-}
-
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) Continue() {
-	self.vm.Stepping = false
-	self.Next()
-}
-
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) Stop() {
-	if !self.Db.done {
-		self.Db.Q <- true
-	}
-}
-
-func (self *DebuggerWindow) ExecCommand(command string) {
-	if len(command) > 0 {
-		cmd := strings.Split(command, " ")
-		switch cmd[0] {
-		case "help":
-			self.Logln("Debugger commands:")
-			self.Logln("break, bp                 Set breakpoint on instruction")
-			self.Logln("clear [log, break, bp]    Clears previous set sub-command(s)")
-		case "break", "bp":
-			if len(cmd) > 1 {
-				lineNo, err := strconv.Atoi(cmd[1])
-				if err != nil {
-					self.Logln(err)
-					break
-				}
-				self.Db.breakPoints = append(self.Db.breakPoints, int64(lineNo))
-				self.Logf("break point set on instruction %d", lineNo)
-			} else {
-				self.Logf("'%s' requires line number", cmd[0])
-			}
-		case "clear":
-			if len(cmd) > 1 {
-				switch cmd[1] {
-				case "break", "bp":
-					self.Db.breakPoints = nil
-
-					self.Logln("Breakpoints cleared")
-				case "log":
-					self.ClearLog()
-				default:
-					self.Logf("clear '%s' is not valid", cmd[1])
-				}
-			} else {
-				self.Logln("'clear' requires sub command")
-			}
-
-		default:
-			self.Logf("Unknown command %s", cmd[0])
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-type Debugger struct {
-	N               chan bool
-	Q               chan bool
-	done, interrupt bool
-	breakPoints     []int64
-	main            *DebuggerWindow
-	win             *qml.Window
-}
-
-func NewDebugger(main *DebuggerWindow) *Debugger {
-	db := &Debugger{make(chan bool), make(chan bool), true, false, nil, main, main.win}
-
-	return db
-}
-
-type storeVal struct {
-	Key, Value string
-}
-
-func (self *Debugger) Step(evm vm.VirtualMachine, op vm.OpCode, mem *vm.Memory, stack *vm.Stack, context *vm.Context) {
-}
-
-func (self *Debugger) BreakHook(pc int, op vm.OpCode, mem *vm.Memory, stack *vm.Stack, stateObject *state.StateObject) bool {
-	self.main.Logln("break on instr:", pc)
-
-	return self.halting(pc, op, mem, stack, stateObject)
-}
-
-func (self *Debugger) StepHook(pc int, op vm.OpCode, mem *vm.Memory, stack *vm.Stack, stateObject *state.StateObject) bool {
-	return self.halting(pc, op, mem, stack, stateObject)
-}
-
-func (self *Debugger) SetCode(byteCode []byte) {
-	self.main.SetAsm(byteCode)
-}
-
-func (self *Debugger) BreakPoints() []int64 {
-	return self.breakPoints
-}
-
-func (d *Debugger) halting(pc int, op vm.OpCode, mem *vm.Memory, stack *vm.Stack, stateObject *state.StateObject) bool {
-	d.win.Root().Call("setInstruction", pc)
-	d.win.Root().Call("clearMem")
-	d.win.Root().Call("clearStack")
-	d.win.Root().Call("clearStorage")
-
-	addr := 0
-	for i := 0; i+16 <= mem.Len(); i += 16 {
-		dat := mem.Data()[i : i+16]
-		var str string
-
-		for _, d := range dat {
-			if unicode.IsGraphic(rune(d)) {
-				str += string(d)
-			} else {
-				str += "?"
-			}
-		}
-
-		d.win.Root().Call("setMem", memAddr{fmt.Sprintf("%03d", addr), fmt.Sprintf("%s  % x", str, dat)})
-		addr += 16
-	}
-
-	for _, val := range stack.Data() {
-		d.win.Root().Call("setStack", val.String())
-	}
-
-	it := stateObject.Trie().Iterator()
-	for it.Next() {
-		d.win.Root().Call("setStorage", storeVal{fmt.Sprintf("% x", it.Key), fmt.Sprintf("% x", it.Value)})
-
-	}
-
-	stackFrameAt := new(big.Int).SetBytes(mem.Get(0, 32))
-	psize := mem.Len() - int(new(big.Int).SetBytes(mem.Get(0, 32)).Uint64())
-	d.win.Root().ObjectByName("stackFrame").Set("text", fmt.Sprintf(`<b>stack ptr</b>: %v`, stackFrameAt))
-	d.win.Root().ObjectByName("stackSize").Set("text", fmt.Sprintf(`<b>stack size</b>: %d`, psize))
-	d.win.Root().ObjectByName("memSize").Set("text", fmt.Sprintf(`<b>mem size</b>: %v`, mem.Len()))
-
-out:
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-d.N:
-			break out
-		case <-d.Q:
-			d.interrupt = true
-			d.clearBuffers()
-
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true
-}
-
-func (d *Debugger) clearBuffers() {
-out:
-	// drain
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-d.N:
-		case <-d.Q:
-		default:
-			break out
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (d *Debugger) Next() {
-	if !d.done {
-		d.N <- true
-	}
-}
diff --git a/cmd/mist/ui_lib.go b/cmd/mist/ui_lib.go
index 32e8ce5af..4198c6316 100644
--- a/cmd/mist/ui_lib.go
+++ b/cmd/mist/ui_lib.go
@@ -47,9 +47,7 @@ type UiLib struct {
 	connected bool
 	assetPath string
 	// The main application window
-	win      *qml.Window
-	Db       *Debugger
-	DbWindow *DebuggerWindow
+	win *qml.Window
 
 	jsEngine *javascript.JSRE
 
@@ -126,29 +124,6 @@ func (ui *UiLib) AssetPath(p string) string {
 	return path.Join(ui.assetPath, p)
 }
 
-func (self *UiLib) StartDbWithContractAndData(contractHash, data string) {
-	dbWindow := NewDebuggerWindow(self)
-	object := self.eth.ChainManager().State().GetStateObject(ethutil.Hex2Bytes(contractHash))
-	if len(object.Code()) > 0 {
-		dbWindow.SetCode(ethutil.Bytes2Hex(object.Code()))
-	}
-	dbWindow.SetData(data)
-
-	dbWindow.Show()
-}
-
-func (self *UiLib) StartDbWithCode(code string) {
-	dbWindow := NewDebuggerWindow(self)
-	dbWindow.SetCode(code)
-	dbWindow.Show()
-}
-
-func (self *UiLib) StartDebugger() {
-	dbWindow := NewDebuggerWindow(self)
-
-	dbWindow.Show()
-}
-
 func (self *UiLib) Transact(params map[string]interface{}) (string, error) {
 	object := mapToTxParams(params)
 
diff --git a/cmd/utils/cmd.go b/cmd/utils/cmd.go
index c5568948d..6b99b841f 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/cmd.go
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
 )
 
 var clilogger = logger.NewLogger("CLI")
@@ -123,6 +122,15 @@ func StartEthereum(ethereum *eth.Ethereum) {
 	})
 }
 
+func StartEthereumForTest(ethereum *eth.Ethereum) {
+	clilogger.Infoln("Starting ", ethereum.Name())
+	ethereum.StartForTest()
+	RegisterInterrupt(func(sig os.Signal) {
+		ethereum.Stop()
+		logger.Flush()
+	})
+}
+
 func FormatTransactionData(data string) []byte {
 	d := ethutil.StringToByteFunc(data, func(s string) (ret []byte) {
 		slice := regexp.MustCompile("\\n|\\s").Split(s, 1000000000)
@@ -136,27 +144,8 @@ func FormatTransactionData(data string) []byte {
 	return d
 }
 
-// Replay block
-func BlockDo(ethereum *eth.Ethereum, hash []byte) error {
-	block := ethereum.ChainManager().GetBlock(hash)
-	if block == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unknown block %x", hash)
-	}
-
-	parent := ethereum.ChainManager().GetBlock(block.ParentHash())
-
-	statedb := state.New(parent.Root(), ethereum.StateDb())
-	_, err := ethereum.BlockProcessor().TransitionState(statedb, parent, block, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-
-}
-
-func ImportChain(chain *core.ChainManager, fn string) error {
-	fmt.Printf("importing chain '%s'\n", fn)
+func ImportChain(chainmgr *core.ChainManager, fn string) error {
+	fmt.Printf("importing blockchain '%s'\n", fn)
 	fh, err := os.OpenFile(fn, os.O_RDONLY, os.ModePerm)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -168,11 +157,24 @@ func ImportChain(chain *core.ChainManager, fn string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	chain.Reset()
-	if err := chain.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
+	chainmgr.Reset()
+	if err := chainmgr.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	fmt.Printf("imported %d blocks\n", len(blocks))
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func ExportChain(chainmgr *core.ChainManager, fn string) error {
+	fmt.Printf("exporting blockchain '%s'\n", fn)
+
+	data := chainmgr.Export()
+
+	if err := ethutil.WriteFile(fn, data); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("exported blockchain\n")
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/core/block_processor.go b/core/block_processor.go
index 34c12729c..ea9d06841 100644
--- a/core/block_processor.go
+++ b/core/block_processor.go
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ func (sm *BlockProcessor) ValidateHeader(block, parent *types.Header) error {
 	}
 
 	if block.Time <= parent.Time {
-		return ValidationError("Block timestamp not after or equal to prev block (%v - %v)", block.Time, parent.Time)
+		return ValidationError("Block timestamp equal or less than previous block (%v - %v)", block.Time, parent.Time)
 	}
 
 	if int64(block.Time) > time.Now().Unix() {
diff --git a/eth/backend.go b/eth/backend.go
index 9d7ce4988..9e365161d 100644
--- a/eth/backend.go
+++ b/eth/backend.go
@@ -260,6 +260,17 @@ func (s *Ethereum) Start() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *Ethereum) StartForTest() {
+		jsonlogger.LogJson(&logger.LogStarting{
+		ClientString:    s.net.Name,
+		ProtocolVersion: ProtocolVersion,
+	})
+
+	// Start services
+	s.txPool.Start()
+	s.blockPool.Start()
+}
+
 func (self *Ethereum) SuggestPeer(nodeURL string) error {
 	n, err := discover.ParseNode(nodeURL)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/ethutil/natspec/natspec.go b/ethutil/natspec/natspec.go
index 00e6f8720..793bf59ae 100644
--- a/ethutil/natspec/natspec.go
+++ b/ethutil/natspec/natspec.go
@@ -1,24 +1,21 @@
 package natspec
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"github.com/obscuren/otto"
-	"io/ioutil"
 )
 
 type NatSpec struct {
 	jsvm *otto.Otto
 }
 
-func NewNATSpec(transaction string) (self *NatSpec, err error) {
+// TODO: should initialise with abi and userdoc jsons
+func New() (self *NatSpec, err error) {
 
 	self = new(NatSpec)
 	self.jsvm = otto.New()
-	code, err := ioutil.ReadFile("natspec.js")
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
 
-	_, err = self.jsvm.Run(string(code))
+	_, err = self.jsvm.Run(natspecJS)
 	if err != nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -27,39 +24,40 @@ func NewNATSpec(transaction string) (self *NatSpec, err error) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	self.jsvm.Run("var transaction = " + transaction + ";")
-
-	return
-}
-
-func (self *NatSpec) SetDescription(desc string) (err error) {
-
-	_, err = self.jsvm.Run("var expression = \"" + desc + "\";")
 	return
-
 }
 
-func (self *NatSpec) SetABI(abi string) (err error) {
-
-	_, err = self.jsvm.Run("var abi = " + abi + ";")
-	return
-
-}
-
-func (self *NatSpec) SetMethod(method string) (err error) {
+func (self *NatSpec) Notice(transaction, abi, method, expression string) (string, error) {
+	var err error
+	if _, err = self.jsvm.Run("var transaction = " + transaction + ";"); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("natspec.js error setting transaction: %v", err)
+	}
 
-	_, err = self.jsvm.Run("var method = '" + method + "';")
-	return
+	if _, err = self.jsvm.Run("var abi = " + abi + ";"); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("natspec.js error setting abi: %v", err)
+	}
 
-}
+	if _, err = self.jsvm.Run("var method = '" + method + "';"); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("natspec.js error setting method: %v", err)
+	}
 
-func (self *NatSpec) Parse() string {
+	if _, err = self.jsvm.Run("var expression = \"" + expression + "\";"); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("natspec.js error setting expression: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	self.jsvm.Run("var call = {method: method,abi: abi,transaction: transaction};")
 	value, err := self.jsvm.Run("natspec.evaluateExpression(expression, call);")
 	if err != nil {
-		return err.Error()
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("natspec.js error evaluating expression: %v", err)
+	}
+	evalError := "Natspec evaluation failed, wrong input params"
+	if value.String() == evalError {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("natspec.js error evaluating expression: wrong input params in expression '%s'", expression)
 	}
-	return value.String()
+	if len(value.String()) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("natspec.js error evaluating expression")
+	}
+
+	return value.String(), nil
 
 }
diff --git a/ethutil/natspec/natspec.js b/ethutil/natspec/natspec_js.go
index 419ccd5c9..7acaaee4f 100644
--- a/ethutil/natspec/natspec.js
+++ b/ethutil/natspec/natspec_js.go
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-require=(function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[function(require,module,exports){
+package natspec
+
+const natspecJS = `require=(function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[function(require,module,exports){
 
 },{}],2:[function(require,module,exports){
 // shim for using process in browser
@@ -291,26 +293,26 @@ if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'build') {
     var BigNumber = require('bignumber.js'); // jshint ignore:line
 }
 
-var ETH_UNITS = [ 
-    'wei', 
-    'Kwei', 
-    'Mwei', 
-    'Gwei', 
-    'szabo', 
-    'finney', 
-    'ether', 
-    'grand', 
-    'Mether', 
-    'Gether', 
-    'Tether', 
-    'Pether', 
-    'Eether', 
-    'Zether', 
-    'Yether', 
-    'Nether', 
-    'Dether', 
-    'Vether', 
-    'Uether' 
+var ETH_UNITS = [
+    'wei',
+    'Kwei',
+    'Mwei',
+    'Gwei',
+    'szabo',
+    'finney',
+    'ether',
+    'grand',
+    'Mether',
+    'Gether',
+    'Tether',
+    'Pether',
+    'Eether',
+    'Zether',
+    'Yether',
+    'Nether',
+    'Dether',
+    'Vether',
+    'Uether'
 ];
 
 module.exports = {
@@ -375,7 +377,7 @@ var formatInputInt = function (value) {
         BigNumber.config(c.ETH_BIGNUMBER_ROUNDING_MODE);
         value = value.round();
 
-        if (value.lessThan(0)) 
+        if (value.lessThan(0))
             value = new BigNumber("ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff", 16).plus(value).plus(1);
         value = value.toString(16);
     }
@@ -404,7 +406,7 @@ var formatInputBool = function (value) {
 /// Values are multiplied by 2^m and encoded as integers
 /// @returns byte representation of real
 var formatInputReal = function (value) {
-    return formatInputInt(new BigNumber(value).times(new BigNumber(2).pow(128))); 
+    return formatInputInt(new BigNumber(value).times(new BigNumber(2).pow(128)));
 };
 
 
@@ -436,12 +438,12 @@ var formatOutputUInt = function (value) {
 
 /// @returns input bytes formatted to real
 var formatOutputReal = function (value) {
-    return formatOutputInt(value).dividedBy(new BigNumber(2).pow(128)); 
+    return formatOutputInt(value).dividedBy(new BigNumber(2).pow(128));
 };
 
 /// @returns input bytes formatted to ureal
 var formatOutputUReal = function (value) {
-    return formatOutputUInt(value).dividedBy(new BigNumber(2).pow(128)); 
+    return formatOutputUInt(value).dividedBy(new BigNumber(2).pow(128));
 };
 
 /// @returns right-aligned input bytes formatted to hex
@@ -524,14 +526,14 @@ var namedType = function (name) {
 };
 
 /// Setups input formatters for solidity types
-/// @returns an array of input formatters 
+/// @returns an array of input formatters
 var inputTypes = function () {
-    
+
     return [
         { type: prefixedType('uint'), format: f.formatInputInt },
         { type: prefixedType('int'), format: f.formatInputInt },
         { type: prefixedType('hash'), format: f.formatInputInt },
-        { type: prefixedType('string'), format: f.formatInputString }, 
+        { type: prefixedType('string'), format: f.formatInputString },
         { type: prefixedType('real'), format: f.formatInputReal },
         { type: prefixedType('ureal'), format: f.formatInputReal },
         { type: namedType('address'), format: f.formatInputInt },
@@ -620,7 +622,7 @@ var toAscii = function(hex) {
 
     return str;
 };
-    
+
 var toHex = function(str) {
     var hex = "";
     for(var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
@@ -642,7 +644,7 @@ var fromAscii = function(str, pad) {
 
 /// @returns display name for function/event eg. multiply(uint256) -> multiply
 var extractDisplayName = function (name) {
-    var length = name.indexOf('('); 
+    var length = name.indexOf('(');
     return length !== -1 ? name.substr(0, length) : name;
 };
 
@@ -657,8 +659,8 @@ var extractTypeName = function (name) {
 /// @returns abi array with filtered objects of type 'function'
 var filterFunctions = function (json) {
     return json.filter(function (current) {
-        return current.type === 'function'; 
-    }); 
+        return current.type === 'function';
+    });
 };
 
 /// Filters all events form input abi
@@ -3404,7 +3406,7 @@ module.exports = {
  * @date 2015
  */
 
-var abi = require('./node_modules/ethereum.js/lib/abi.js'); 
+var abi = require('./node_modules/ethereum.js/lib/abi.js');
 
 /**
  * This object should be used to evaluate natspec expression
@@ -3418,7 +3420,7 @@ var natspec = (function () {
             context[key] = obj[key];
         });
     }
-    
+
     /// generate codes, which will be evaluated
     var generateCode = function (obj) {
         return Object.keys(obj).reduce(function (acc, key) {
@@ -3440,20 +3442,20 @@ var natspec = (function () {
     /// @returns hashmap with all contract's method input variables
     var getMethodInputParams = function (method, transaction) {
         // do it with output formatter (cause we have to decode)
-        var params = abi.formatOutput(method.inputs, '0x' + transaction.params[0].data.slice(10)); 
+        var params = abi.formatOutput(method.inputs, '0x' + transaction.params[0].data.slice(10));
 
         return method.inputs.reduce(function (acc, current, index) {
             acc[current.name] = params[index];
             return acc;
         }, {});
     };
-    
+
     /// Should be called to evaluate expression
     var mapExpressionsToEvaluate = function (expression, cb) {
         var evaluatedExpression = "";
 
-        // match everything in `` quotes
-        var pattern = /\`(?:\\.|[^`\\])*\`/gim
+        // match everything in backtick
+        var pattern = /\` + "`" + `(?:\\.|[^` + "`" + `\\])*\` + "`" + `/gim
         var match;
         var lastIndex = 0;
         while ((match = pattern.exec(expression)) !== null) {
@@ -3464,9 +3466,9 @@ var natspec = (function () {
             evaluatedExpression += evaluatedPart;
             lastIndex = pattern.lastIndex;
         }
-        
+
         evaluatedExpression += expression.slice(lastIndex);
-    
+
         return evaluatedExpression;
     };
 
@@ -3478,11 +3480,11 @@ var natspec = (function () {
     var evaluateExpression = function (expression, call) {
         //var self = this;
         var context = {};
-        
+
         if (!!call) {
             try {
                 var method = getMethodWithName(call.abi, call.method);
-                var params = getMethodInputParams(method, call.transaction); 
+                var params = getMethodInputParams(method, call.transaction);
                 copyToContext(params, context);
             }
             catch (err) {
@@ -3498,7 +3500,7 @@ var natspec = (function () {
                 return fn(context).toString();
             }
             catch (err) {
-                return 'undefined'; 
+                return 'undefined';
             }
         });
 
@@ -3511,7 +3513,8 @@ var natspec = (function () {
 
 })();
 
-module.exports = natspec; 
+module.exports = natspec;
 
 
 },{"./node_modules/ethereum.js/lib/abi.js":3}]},{},[]);
+`
diff --git a/ethutil/natspec/natspec_test.go b/ethutil/natspec/natspec_test.go
index 48a9cb25c..498f8d78e 100644
--- a/ethutil/natspec/natspec_test.go
+++ b/ethutil/natspec/natspec_test.go
@@ -6,41 +6,48 @@ import (
 
 func TestNotice(t *testing.T) {
 
-	ns, err := NewNATSpec(`
+	tx := `
 	{
-            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
-            "method": "eth_call",
-            "params": [{
-                "to": "0x8521742d3f456bd237e312d6e30724960f72517a",
-                "data": "0xc6888fa1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007a"
-            }],
-            "id": 6
-        }
-	`)
+    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+    "method": "eth_call",
+    "params": [{
+        "to": "0x8521742d3f456bd237e312d6e30724960f72517a",
+        "data": "0xc6888fa1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007a"
+    }],
+    "id": 6
+  }
+	`
 
+	abi := `
+	[{
+    "name": "multiply",
+    "constant": false,
+    "type": "function",
+    "inputs": [{
+      "name": "a",
+      "type": "uint256"
+    }],
+    "outputs": [{
+      "name": "d",
+      "type": "uint256"
+    }]
+  }]
+	`
+
+	desc := "Will multiply `a` by 7 and return `a * 7`."
+
+	method := "multiply"
+
+	ns, err := New()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("NewNATSpec error %v", err)
 	}
 
-	ns.SetABI(`
-	[{
-            "name": "multiply",
-            "constant": false,
-            "type": "function",
-            "inputs": [{
-                "name": "a",
-                "type": "uint256"
-            }],
-            "outputs": [{
-                "name": "d",
-                "type": "uint256"
-            }]
-        }]
-	`)
-	ns.SetDescription("Will multiply `a` by 7 and return `a * 7`.")
-	ns.SetMethod("multiply")
-
-	notice := ns.Parse()
+	notice, err := ns.Notice(tx, abi, method, desc)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected no error got %v", err)
+	}
 
 	expected := "Will multiply 122 by 7 and return 854."
 	if notice != expected {
@@ -48,4 +55,43 @@ func TestNotice(t *testing.T) {
 	} else {
 		t.Logf("returned notice \"%v\"", notice)
 	}
+
+	notice, err = ns.Notice(tx, abi, method, "Will multiply 122 by \"7\" and return 854.")
+
+	expected = "natspec.js error setting expression: (anonymous): Line 1:41 Unexpected number"
+
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected error, got nothing (notice: '%v')", err, notice)
+	} else {
+		if err.Error() != expected {
+			t.Errorf("expected error '%s' got '%v' (notice: '%v')", expected, err, notice)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// https://github.com/ethereum/natspec.js/issues/1
+	// badDesc := "Will multiply `e` by 7 and return `a * 7`."
+	// notice, err = ns.Notice(tx, abi, method, badDesc)
+
+	// expected = "natspec.js error evaluating expression: wrong input param in expression ''"
+
+	// if err == nil {
+	// 	t.Errorf("expected error, got nothing (notice: '%v')", notice)
+	// } else {
+	// 	if err.Error() != expected {
+	// 		t.Errorf("expected error '%s' got '%v' (notice: '%v')", expected, err, notice)
+	// 	}
+	// }
+
+	notice, err = ns.Notice(tx, abi, "missing_method", desc)
+
+	expected = "natspec.js error evaluating expression: wrong input params in expression 'Will multiply `a` by 7 and return `a * 7`.'"
+
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected error, got nothing (notice: '%v')", notice)
+	} else {
+		if err.Error() != expected {
+			t.Errorf("expected error '%s' got '%v' (notice: '%v')", expected, err, notice)
+		}
+	}
+
 }
diff --git a/tests/vm/gh_test.go b/tests/vm/gh_test.go
index 2db7a0fd0..959f20463 100644
--- a/tests/vm/gh_test.go
+++ b/tests/vm/gh_test.go
@@ -80,13 +80,6 @@ func RunVmTest(p string, t *testing.T) {
 	helper.CreateFileTests(t, p, &tests)
 
 	for name, test := range tests {
-		/*
-			vm.Debug = true
-			helper.Logger.SetLogLevel(4)
-			if name != "refund_CallToSuicideTwice" {
-				continue
-			}
-		*/
 		db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
 		statedb := state.New(nil, db)
 		for addr, account := range test.Pre {
diff --git a/vm/context.go b/vm/context.go
index b48f1a657..9ce07bc4a 100644
--- a/vm/context.go
+++ b/vm/context.go
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func (c *Context) GetRangeValue(x, size uint64) []byte {
 	x = uint64(math.Min(float64(x), float64(len(c.Code))))
 	y := uint64(math.Min(float64(x+size), float64(len(c.Code))))
 
-	return ethutil.LeftPadBytes(c.Code[x:y], int(size))
+	return ethutil.RightPadBytes(c.Code[x:y], int(size))
 }
 
 func (c *Context) GetCode(x, size uint64) []byte {
diff --git a/vm/debugger.go b/vm/debugger.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b08634c6..000000000
--- a/vm/debugger.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-package vm
-
-import "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/state"
-
-type Debugger interface {
-	BreakHook(step int, op OpCode, mem *Memory, stack *Stack, object *state.StateObject) bool
-	StepHook(step int, op OpCode, mem *Memory, stack *Stack, object *state.StateObject) bool
-	BreakPoints() []int64
-	SetCode(byteCode []byte)
-}
diff --git a/vm/gas.go b/vm/gas.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a19afeb67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vm/gas.go
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package vm
+
+import "math/big"
+
+type req struct {
+	stack int
+	gas   *big.Int
+}
+
+var _baseCheck = map[OpCode]req{
+	//       Req stack  Gas price
+	ADD:          {2, GasFastestStep},
+	LT:           {2, GasFastestStep},
+	GT:           {2, GasFastestStep},
+	SLT:          {2, GasFastestStep},
+	SGT:          {2, GasFastestStep},
+	EQ:           {2, GasFastestStep},
+	ISZERO:       {1, GasFastestStep},
+	SUB:          {2, GasFastestStep},
+	AND:          {2, GasFastestStep},
+	OR:           {2, GasFastestStep},
+	XOR:          {2, GasFastestStep},
+	NOT:          {1, GasFastestStep},
+	BYTE:         {2, GasFastestStep},
+	CALLDATALOAD: {1, GasFastestStep},
+	CALLDATACOPY: {3, GasFastestStep},
+	MLOAD:        {1, GasFastestStep},
+	MSTORE:       {2, GasFastestStep},
+	MSTORE8:      {2, GasFastestStep},
+	CODECOPY:     {3, GasFastestStep},
+	MUL:          {2, GasFastStep},
+	DIV:          {2, GasFastStep},
+	SDIV:         {2, GasFastStep},
+	MOD:          {2, GasFastStep},
+	SMOD:         {2, GasFastStep},
+	SIGNEXTEND:   {2, GasFastStep},
+	ADDMOD:       {3, GasMidStep},
+	MULMOD:       {3, GasMidStep},
+	JUMP:         {1, GasMidStep},
+	JUMPI:        {2, GasSlowStep},
+	EXP:          {2, GasSlowStep},
+	ADDRESS:      {0, GasQuickStep},
+	ORIGIN:       {0, GasQuickStep},
+	CALLER:       {0, GasQuickStep},
+	CALLVALUE:    {0, GasQuickStep},
+	CODESIZE:     {0, GasQuickStep},
+	GASPRICE:     {0, GasQuickStep},
+	COINBASE:     {0, GasQuickStep},
+	TIMESTAMP:    {0, GasQuickStep},
+	NUMBER:       {0, GasQuickStep},
+	CALLDATASIZE: {0, GasQuickStep},
+	DIFFICULTY:   {0, GasQuickStep},
+	GASLIMIT:     {0, GasQuickStep},
+	POP:          {0, GasQuickStep},
+	PC:           {0, GasQuickStep},
+	MSIZE:        {0, GasQuickStep},
+	GAS:          {0, GasQuickStep},
+	BLOCKHASH:    {1, GasExtStep},
+	BALANCE:      {0, GasExtStep},
+	EXTCODESIZE:  {1, GasExtStep},
+	EXTCODECOPY:  {4, GasExtStep},
+	SLOAD:        {1, GasStorageGet},
+	SSTORE:       {2, Zero},
+	SHA3:         {1, GasSha3Base},
+	CREATE:       {3, GasCreate},
+	CALL:         {7, GasCall},
+	CALLCODE:     {7, GasCall},
+	JUMPDEST:     {0, GasJumpDest},
+	SUICIDE:      {1, Zero},
+	RETURN:       {2, Zero},
+}
+
+func baseCheck(op OpCode, stack *stack, gas *big.Int) {
+	if r, ok := _baseCheck[op]; ok {
+		stack.require(r.stack)
+
+		gas.Add(gas, r.gas)
+	}
+}
+
+func toWordSize(size *big.Int) *big.Int {
+	tmp := new(big.Int)
+	tmp.Add(size, u256(31))
+	tmp.Div(tmp, u256(32))
+	return tmp
+}
diff --git a/vm/memory.go b/vm/memory.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a1e6e1b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vm/memory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package vm
+
+import "fmt"
+
+type Memory struct {
+	store []byte
+}
+
+func NewMemory() *Memory {
+	return &Memory{nil}
+}
+
+func (m *Memory) Set(offset, size uint64, value []byte) {
+	if len(value) > 0 {
+		totSize := offset + size
+		lenSize := uint64(len(m.store) - 1)
+		if totSize > lenSize {
+			// Calculate the diff between the sizes
+			diff := totSize - lenSize
+			if diff > 0 {
+				// Create a new empty slice and append it
+				newSlice := make([]byte, diff-1)
+				// Resize slice
+				m.store = append(m.store, newSlice...)
+			}
+		}
+		copy(m.store[offset:offset+size], value)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Memory) Resize(size uint64) {
+	if uint64(m.Len()) < size {
+		m.store = append(m.store, make([]byte, size-uint64(m.Len()))...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (self *Memory) Get(offset, size int64) (cpy []byte) {
+	if size == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if len(self.store) > int(offset) {
+		cpy = make([]byte, size)
+		copy(cpy, self.store[offset:offset+size])
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+func (m *Memory) Len() int {
+	return len(m.store)
+}
+
+func (m *Memory) Data() []byte {
+	return m.store
+}
+
+func (m *Memory) Print() {
+	fmt.Printf("### mem %d bytes ###\n", len(m.store))
+	if len(m.store) > 0 {
+		addr := 0
+		for i := 0; i+32 <= len(m.store); i += 32 {
+			fmt.Printf("%03d: % x\n", addr, m.store[i:i+32])
+			addr++
+		}
+	} else {
+		fmt.Println("-- empty --")
+	}
+	fmt.Println("####################")
+}
diff --git a/vm/stack.go b/vm/stack.go
index a9aafdb9d..a99cc1805 100644
--- a/vm/stack.go
+++ b/vm/stack.go
@@ -5,98 +5,53 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 )
 
-type OpType int
-
-const (
-	tNorm = iota
-	tData
-	tExtro
-	tCrypto
-)
-
-type TxCallback func(opType OpType) bool
-
-// Simple push/pop stack mechanism
-type Stack struct {
-	data []*big.Int
-}
-
-func NewStack() *Stack {
-	return &Stack{}
-}
-
-func (st *Stack) Data() []*big.Int {
-	return st.data
-}
-
-func (st *Stack) Len() int {
-	return len(st.data)
-}
-
-func (st *Stack) Pop() *big.Int {
-	str := st.data[len(st.data)-1]
-
-	copy(st.data[:len(st.data)-1], st.data[:len(st.data)-1])
-	st.data = st.data[:len(st.data)-1]
-
-	return str
+func newStack() *stack {
+	return &stack{}
 }
 
-func (st *Stack) Popn() (*big.Int, *big.Int) {
-	ints := st.data[len(st.data)-2:]
-
-	copy(st.data[:len(st.data)-2], st.data[:len(st.data)-2])
-	st.data = st.data[:len(st.data)-2]
-
-	return ints[0], ints[1]
+type stack struct {
+	data []*big.Int
+	ptr  int
 }
 
-func (st *Stack) Peek() *big.Int {
-	str := st.data[len(st.data)-1]
-
-	return str
+func (st *stack) push(d *big.Int) {
+	if len(st.data) > st.ptr {
+		st.data[st.ptr] = d
+	} else {
+		st.data = append(st.data, d)
+	}
+	st.ptr++
 }
 
-func (st *Stack) Peekn() (*big.Int, *big.Int) {
-	ints := st.data[len(st.data)-2:]
-
-	return ints[0], ints[1]
+func (st *stack) pop() (ret *big.Int) {
+	st.ptr--
+	ret = st.data[st.ptr]
+	return
 }
 
-func (st *Stack) Swapn(n int) (*big.Int, *big.Int) {
-	st.data[len(st.data)-n], st.data[len(st.data)-1] = st.data[len(st.data)-1], st.data[len(st.data)-n]
-
-	return st.data[len(st.data)-n], st.data[len(st.data)-1]
+func (st *stack) len() int {
+	return st.ptr
 }
 
-func (st *Stack) Dupn(n int) *big.Int {
-	st.Push(st.data[len(st.data)-n])
-
-	return st.Peek()
+func (st *stack) swap(n int) {
+	st.data[st.len()-n], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-n]
 }
 
-func (st *Stack) Push(d *big.Int) {
-	st.data = append(st.data, new(big.Int).Set(d))
+func (st *stack) dup(n int) {
+	st.push(st.data[st.len()-n])
 }
 
-func (st *Stack) Get(amount *big.Int) []*big.Int {
-	// offset + size <= len(data)
-	length := big.NewInt(int64(len(st.data)))
-	if amount.Cmp(length) <= 0 {
-		start := new(big.Int).Sub(length, amount)
-		return st.data[start.Int64():length.Int64()]
-	}
-
-	return nil
+func (st *stack) peek() *big.Int {
+	return st.data[st.len()-1]
 }
 
-func (st *Stack) require(n int) {
-	if st.Len() < n {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("stack underflow (%d <=> %d)", st.Len(), n))
+func (st *stack) require(n int) {
+	if st.len() < n {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("stack underflow (%d <=> %d)", len(st.data), n))
 	}
 }
 
-func (st *Stack) Print() {
+func (st *stack) Print() {
 	fmt.Println("### stack ###")
 	if len(st.data) > 0 {
 		for i, val := range st.data {
@@ -107,72 +62,3 @@ func (st *Stack) Print() {
 	}
 	fmt.Println("#############")
 }
-
-type Memory struct {
-	store []byte
-}
-
-func NewMemory() *Memory {
-	return &Memory{nil}
-}
-
-func (m *Memory) Set(offset, size uint64, value []byte) {
-	if len(value) > 0 {
-		totSize := offset + size
-		lenSize := uint64(len(m.store) - 1)
-		if totSize > lenSize {
-			// Calculate the diff between the sizes
-			diff := totSize - lenSize
-			if diff > 0 {
-				// Create a new empty slice and append it
-				newSlice := make([]byte, diff-1)
-				// Resize slice
-				m.store = append(m.store, newSlice...)
-			}
-		}
-		copy(m.store[offset:offset+size], value)
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *Memory) Resize(size uint64) {
-	if uint64(m.Len()) < size {
-		m.store = append(m.store, make([]byte, size-uint64(m.Len()))...)
-	}
-}
-
-func (self *Memory) Get(offset, size int64) (cpy []byte) {
-	if size == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if len(self.store) > int(offset) {
-		cpy = make([]byte, size)
-		copy(cpy, self.store[offset:offset+size])
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	return
-}
-
-func (m *Memory) Len() int {
-	return len(m.store)
-}
-
-func (m *Memory) Data() []byte {
-	return m.store
-}
-
-func (m *Memory) Print() {
-	fmt.Printf("### mem %d bytes ###\n", len(m.store))
-	if len(m.store) > 0 {
-		addr := 0
-		for i := 0; i+32 <= len(m.store); i += 32 {
-			fmt.Printf("%03d: % x\n", addr, m.store[i:i+32])
-			addr++
-		}
-	} else {
-		fmt.Println("-- empty --")
-	}
-	fmt.Println("####################")
-}
diff --git a/vm/vm.go b/vm/vm.go
index 3647d7a5e..6f3945472 100644
--- a/vm/vm.go
+++ b/vm/vm.go
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ type Vm struct {
 	// For logging
 	debug bool
 
-	Dbg Debugger
-
 	BreakPoints []int64
 	Stepping    bool
 	Fn          string
@@ -66,10 +64,9 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 
 		destinations        = analyseJumpDests(context.Code)
 		mem                 = NewMemory()
-		stack               = NewStack()
+		stack               = newStack()
 		pc           uint64 = 0
 		step                = 0
-		prevStep            = 0
 		statedb             = self.env.State()
 
 		jump = func(from uint64, to *big.Int) {
@@ -93,7 +90,6 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 	}
 
 	for {
-		prevStep = step
 		// The base for all big integer arithmetic
 		base := new(big.Int)
 
@@ -101,11 +97,7 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 		// Get the memory location of pc
 		op = context.GetOp(pc)
 
-		self.Printf("(pc) %-3d -o- %-14s (m) %-4d (s) %-4d ", pc, op.String(), mem.Len(), stack.Len())
-		if self.Dbg != nil {
-			//self.Dbg.Step(self, op, mem, stack, context)
-		}
-
+		self.Printf("(pc) %-3d -o- %-14s (m) %-4d (s) %-4d ", pc, op.String(), mem.Len(), stack.len())
 		newMemSize, gas := self.calculateGasAndSize(context, caller, op, statedb, mem, stack)
 
 		self.Printf("(g) %-3v (%v)", gas, context.Gas)
@@ -125,40 +117,40 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 		switch op {
 		// 0x20 range
 		case ADD:
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
+			x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 			self.Printf(" %v + %v", y, x)
 
-			base.Add(y, x)
+			base.Add(x, y)
 
 			U256(base)
 
 			self.Printf(" = %v", base)
-			// Pop result back on the stack
-			stack.Push(base)
+			// pop result back on the stack
+			stack.push(base)
 		case SUB:
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
+			x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 			self.Printf(" %v - %v", y, x)
 
-			base.Sub(y, x)
+			base.Sub(x, y)
 
 			U256(base)
 
 			self.Printf(" = %v", base)
-			// Pop result back on the stack
-			stack.Push(base)
+			// pop result back on the stack
+			stack.push(base)
 		case MUL:
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
+			x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 			self.Printf(" %v * %v", y, x)
 
-			base.Mul(y, x)
+			base.Mul(x, y)
 
 			U256(base)
 
 			self.Printf(" = %v", base)
-			// Pop result back on the stack
-			stack.Push(base)
+			// pop result back on the stack
+			stack.push(base)
 		case DIV:
-			x, y := stack.Pop(), stack.Pop()
+			x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 			self.Printf(" %v / %v", x, y)
 
 			if y.Cmp(ethutil.Big0) != 0 {
@@ -168,10 +160,10 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 			U256(base)
 
 			self.Printf(" = %v", base)
-			// Pop result back on the stack
-			stack.Push(base)
+			// pop result back on the stack
+			stack.push(base)
 		case SDIV:
-			x, y := S256(stack.Pop()), S256(stack.Pop())
+			x, y := S256(stack.pop()), S256(stack.pop())
 
 			self.Printf(" %v / %v", x, y)
 
@@ -191,9 +183,9 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 			}
 
 			self.Printf(" = %v", base)
-			stack.Push(base)
+			stack.push(base)
 		case MOD:
-			x, y := stack.Pop(), stack.Pop()
+			x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 
 			self.Printf(" %v %% %v", x, y)
 
@@ -206,9 +198,9 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 			U256(base)
 
 			self.Printf(" = %v", base)
-			stack.Push(base)
+			stack.push(base)
 		case SMOD:
-			x, y := S256(stack.Pop()), S256(stack.Pop())
+			x, y := S256(stack.pop()), S256(stack.pop())
 
 			self.Printf(" %v %% %v", x, y)
 
@@ -228,25 +220,25 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 			}
 
 			self.Printf(" = %v", base)
-			stack.Push(base)
+			stack.push(base)
 
 		case EXP:
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
+			x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 
-			self.Printf(" %v ** %v", y, x)
+			self.Printf(" %v ** %v", x, y)
 
-			base.Exp(y, x, Pow256)
+			base.Exp(x, y, Pow256)
 
 			U256(base)
 
 			self.Printf(" = %v", base)
 
-			stack.Push(base)
+			stack.push(base)
 		case SIGNEXTEND:
-			back := stack.Pop().Uint64()
+			back := stack.pop().Uint64()
 			if back < 31 {
 				bit := uint(back*8 + 7)
-				num := stack.Pop()
+				num := stack.pop()
 				mask := new(big.Int).Lsh(ethutil.Big1, bit)
 				mask.Sub(mask, ethutil.Big1)
 				if ethutil.BitTest(num, int(bit)) {
@@ -259,91 +251,91 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 
 				self.Printf(" = %v", num)
 
-				stack.Push(num)
+				stack.push(num)
 			}
 		case NOT:
-			base.Sub(Pow256, stack.Pop()).Sub(base, ethutil.Big1)
+			base.Sub(Pow256, stack.pop()).Sub(base, ethutil.Big1)
 
 			// Not needed
 			base = U256(base)
 
-			stack.Push(base)
+			stack.push(base)
 		case LT:
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-			self.Printf(" %v < %v", y, x)
+			x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
+			self.Printf(" %v < %v", x, y)
 			// x < y
-			if y.Cmp(x) < 0 {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
+			if x.Cmp(y) < 0 {
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigTrue)
 			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigFalse)
 			}
 		case GT:
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-			self.Printf(" %v > %v", y, x)
+			x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
+			self.Printf(" %v > %v", x, y)
 
 			// x > y
-			if y.Cmp(x) > 0 {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
+			if x.Cmp(y) > 0 {
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigTrue)
 			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigFalse)
 			}
 
 		case SLT:
-			y, x := S256(stack.Pop()), S256(stack.Pop())
-			self.Printf(" %v < %v", y, x)
+			x, y := S256(stack.pop()), S256(stack.pop())
+			self.Printf(" %v < %v", x, y)
 			// x < y
-			if y.Cmp(S256(x)) < 0 {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
+			if x.Cmp(S256(y)) < 0 {
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigTrue)
 			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigFalse)
 			}
 		case SGT:
-			y, x := S256(stack.Pop()), S256(stack.Pop())
-			self.Printf(" %v > %v", y, x)
+			x, y := S256(stack.pop()), S256(stack.pop())
+			self.Printf(" %v > %v", x, y)
 
 			// x > y
-			if y.Cmp(x) > 0 {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
+			if x.Cmp(y) > 0 {
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigTrue)
 			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigFalse)
 			}
 
 		case EQ:
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
+			x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 			self.Printf(" %v == %v", y, x)
 
 			// x == y
 			if x.Cmp(y) == 0 {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigTrue)
 			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigFalse)
 			}
 		case ISZERO:
-			x := stack.Pop()
+			x := stack.pop()
 			if x.Cmp(ethutil.BigFalse) > 0 {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigFalse)
 			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigTrue)
 			}
 
 			// 0x10 range
 		case AND:
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
+			x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 			self.Printf(" %v & %v", y, x)
 
-			stack.Push(base.And(y, x))
+			stack.push(base.And(x, y))
 		case OR:
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-			self.Printf(" %v | %v", y, x)
+			x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
+			self.Printf(" %v | %v", x, y)
 
-			stack.Push(base.Or(y, x))
+			stack.push(base.Or(x, y))
 		case XOR:
-			x, y := stack.Popn()
-			self.Printf(" %v ^ %v", y, x)
+			x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
+			self.Printf(" %v ^ %v", x, y)
 
-			stack.Push(base.Xor(y, x))
+			stack.push(base.Xor(x, y))
 		case BYTE:
-			val, th := stack.Popn()
+			th, val := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 
 			if th.Cmp(big.NewInt(32)) < 0 {
 				byt := big.NewInt(int64(ethutil.LeftPadBytes(val.Bytes(), 32)[th.Int64()]))
@@ -355,12 +347,12 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 
 			self.Printf(" => 0x%x", base.Bytes())
 
-			stack.Push(base)
+			stack.push(base)
 		case ADDMOD:
 
-			x := stack.Pop()
-			y := stack.Pop()
-			z := stack.Pop()
+			x := stack.pop()
+			y := stack.pop()
+			z := stack.pop()
 
 			add := new(big.Int).Add(x, y)
 			if len(z.Bytes()) > 0 { // NOT 0x0
@@ -371,12 +363,12 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 
 			self.Printf(" %v + %v %% %v = %v", x, y, z, base)
 
-			stack.Push(base)
+			stack.push(base)
 		case MULMOD:
 
-			x := stack.Pop()
-			y := stack.Pop()
-			z := stack.Pop()
+			x := stack.pop()
+			y := stack.pop()
+			z := stack.pop()
 
 			mul := new(big.Int).Mul(x, y)
 			if len(z.Bytes()) > 0 { // NOT 0x0
@@ -387,24 +379,24 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 
 			self.Printf(" %v + %v %% %v = %v", x, y, z, base)
 
-			stack.Push(base)
+			stack.push(base)
 
 			// 0x20 range
 		case SHA3:
-			size, offset := stack.Popn()
+			size, offset := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 			data := crypto.Sha3(mem.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64()))
 
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(data))
+			stack.push(ethutil.BigD(data))
 
 			self.Printf(" => (%v) %x", size, data)
 			// 0x30 range
 		case ADDRESS:
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(context.Address()))
+			stack.push(ethutil.BigD(context.Address()))
 
 			self.Printf(" => %x", context.Address())
 		case BALANCE:
 
-			addr := stack.Pop().Bytes()
+			addr := stack.pop().Bytes()
 			var balance *big.Int
 			if statedb.GetStateObject(addr) != nil {
 				balance = statedb.GetBalance(addr)
@@ -412,27 +404,27 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 				balance = base
 			}
 
-			stack.Push(balance)
+			stack.push(balance)
 
 			self.Printf(" => %v (%x)", balance, addr)
 		case ORIGIN:
 			origin := self.env.Origin()
 
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(origin))
+			stack.push(ethutil.BigD(origin))
 
 			self.Printf(" => %x", origin)
 		case CALLER:
 			caller := context.caller.Address()
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(caller))
+			stack.push(ethutil.BigD(caller))
 
 			self.Printf(" => %x", caller)
 		case CALLVALUE:
-			stack.Push(value)
+			stack.push(value)
 
 			self.Printf(" => %v", value)
 		case CALLDATALOAD:
 			var (
-				offset  = stack.Pop()
+				offset  = stack.pop()
 				data    = make([]byte, 32)
 				lenData = big.NewInt(int64(len(callData)))
 			)
@@ -446,18 +438,18 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 
 			self.Printf(" => 0x%x", data)
 
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(data))
+			stack.push(ethutil.BigD(data))
 		case CALLDATASIZE:
 			l := int64(len(callData))
-			stack.Push(big.NewInt(l))
+			stack.push(big.NewInt(l))
 
 			self.Printf(" => %d", l)
 		case CALLDATACOPY:
 			var (
 				size = uint64(len(callData))
-				mOff = stack.Pop().Uint64()
-				cOff = stack.Pop().Uint64()
-				l    = stack.Pop().Uint64()
+				mOff = stack.pop().Uint64()
+				cOff = stack.pop().Uint64()
+				l    = stack.pop().Uint64()
 			)
 
 			if cOff > size {
@@ -475,7 +467,7 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 		case CODESIZE, EXTCODESIZE:
 			var code []byte
 			if op == EXTCODESIZE {
-				addr := stack.Pop().Bytes()
+				addr := stack.pop().Bytes()
 
 				code = statedb.GetCode(addr)
 			} else {
@@ -483,21 +475,21 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 			}
 
 			l := big.NewInt(int64(len(code)))
-			stack.Push(l)
+			stack.push(l)
 
 			self.Printf(" => %d", l)
 		case CODECOPY, EXTCODECOPY:
 			var code []byte
 			if op == EXTCODECOPY {
-				code = statedb.GetCode(stack.Pop().Bytes())
+				code = statedb.GetCode(stack.pop().Bytes())
 			} else {
 				code = context.Code
 			}
 			context := NewContext(nil, nil, code, ethutil.Big0, ethutil.Big0)
 			var (
-				mOff = stack.Pop().Uint64()
-				cOff = stack.Pop().Uint64()
-				l    = stack.Pop().Uint64()
+				mOff = stack.pop().Uint64()
+				cOff = stack.pop().Uint64()
+				l    = stack.pop().Uint64()
 			)
 			codeCopy := context.GetCode(cOff, l)
 
@@ -505,80 +497,80 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 
 			self.Printf(" => [%v, %v, %v] %x", mOff, cOff, l, codeCopy)
 		case GASPRICE:
-			stack.Push(context.Price)
+			stack.push(context.Price)
 
 			self.Printf(" => %x", context.Price)
 
 			// 0x40 range
 		case BLOCKHASH:
-			num := stack.Pop()
+			num := stack.pop()
 
 			n := new(big.Int).Sub(self.env.BlockNumber(), ethutil.Big257)
 			if num.Cmp(n) > 0 && num.Cmp(self.env.BlockNumber()) < 0 {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(self.env.GetHash(num.Uint64())))
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigD(self.env.GetHash(num.Uint64())))
 			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.Big0)
+				stack.push(ethutil.Big0)
 			}
 
-			self.Printf(" => 0x%x", stack.Peek().Bytes())
+			self.Printf(" => 0x%x", stack.peek().Bytes())
 		case COINBASE:
 			coinbase := self.env.Coinbase()
 
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(coinbase))
+			stack.push(ethutil.BigD(coinbase))
 
 			self.Printf(" => 0x%x", coinbase)
 		case TIMESTAMP:
 			time := self.env.Time()
 
-			stack.Push(big.NewInt(time))
+			stack.push(big.NewInt(time))
 
 			self.Printf(" => 0x%x", time)
 		case NUMBER:
 			number := self.env.BlockNumber()
 
-			stack.Push(U256(number))
+			stack.push(U256(number))
 
 			self.Printf(" => 0x%x", number.Bytes())
 		case DIFFICULTY:
 			difficulty := self.env.Difficulty()
 
-			stack.Push(difficulty)
+			stack.push(difficulty)
 
 			self.Printf(" => 0x%x", difficulty.Bytes())
 		case GASLIMIT:
 			self.Printf(" => %v", self.env.GasLimit())
 
-			stack.Push(self.env.GasLimit())
+			stack.push(self.env.GasLimit())
 
 			// 0x50 range
 		case PUSH1, PUSH2, PUSH3, PUSH4, PUSH5, PUSH6, PUSH7, PUSH8, PUSH9, PUSH10, PUSH11, PUSH12, PUSH13, PUSH14, PUSH15, PUSH16, PUSH17, PUSH18, PUSH19, PUSH20, PUSH21, PUSH22, PUSH23, PUSH24, PUSH25, PUSH26, PUSH27, PUSH28, PUSH29, PUSH30, PUSH31, PUSH32:
 			a := uint64(op - PUSH1 + 1)
 			byts := context.GetRangeValue(pc+1, a)
-			// Push value to stack
-			stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(byts))
+			// push value to stack
+			stack.push(ethutil.BigD(byts))
 			pc += a
 
 			step += int(op) - int(PUSH1) + 1
 
 			self.Printf(" => 0x%x", byts)
 		case POP:
-			stack.Pop()
+			stack.pop()
 		case DUP1, DUP2, DUP3, DUP4, DUP5, DUP6, DUP7, DUP8, DUP9, DUP10, DUP11, DUP12, DUP13, DUP14, DUP15, DUP16:
 			n := int(op - DUP1 + 1)
-			stack.Dupn(n)
+			stack.dup(n)
 
-			self.Printf(" => [%d] 0x%x", n, stack.Peek().Bytes())
+			self.Printf(" => [%d] 0x%x", n, stack.peek().Bytes())
 		case SWAP1, SWAP2, SWAP3, SWAP4, SWAP5, SWAP6, SWAP7, SWAP8, SWAP9, SWAP10, SWAP11, SWAP12, SWAP13, SWAP14, SWAP15, SWAP16:
 			n := int(op - SWAP1 + 2)
-			x, y := stack.Swapn(n)
+			stack.swap(n)
 
-			self.Printf(" => [%d] %x [0] %x", n, x.Bytes(), y.Bytes())
+			self.Printf(" => [%d]", n)
 		case LOG0, LOG1, LOG2, LOG3, LOG4:
 			n := int(op - LOG0)
 			topics := make([][]byte, n)
-			mSize, mStart := stack.Popn()
+			mStart, mSize := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 			for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-				topics[i] = ethutil.LeftPadBytes(stack.Pop().Bytes(), 32)
+				topics[i] = ethutil.LeftPadBytes(stack.pop().Bytes(), 32)
 			}
 
 			data := mem.Get(mStart.Int64(), mSize.Int64())
@@ -587,41 +579,40 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 
 			self.Printf(" => %v", log)
 		case MLOAD:
-			offset := stack.Pop()
+			offset := stack.pop()
 			val := ethutil.BigD(mem.Get(offset.Int64(), 32))
-			stack.Push(val)
+			stack.push(val)
 
 			self.Printf(" => 0x%x", val.Bytes())
 		case MSTORE: // Store the value at stack top-1 in to memory at location stack top
-			// Pop value of the stack
-			val, mStart := stack.Popn()
+			// pop value of the stack
+			mStart, val := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 			mem.Set(mStart.Uint64(), 32, ethutil.BigToBytes(val, 256))
 
 			self.Printf(" => 0x%x", val)
 		case MSTORE8:
-			off := stack.Pop()
-			val := stack.Pop()
+			off, val := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 
 			mem.store[off.Int64()] = byte(val.Int64() & 0xff)
 
 			self.Printf(" => [%v] 0x%x", off, val)
 		case SLOAD:
-			loc := stack.Pop()
+			loc := stack.pop()
 			val := ethutil.BigD(statedb.GetState(context.Address(), loc.Bytes()))
-			stack.Push(val)
+			stack.push(val)
 
 			self.Printf(" {0x%x : 0x%x}", loc.Bytes(), val.Bytes())
 		case SSTORE:
-			val, loc := stack.Popn()
+			loc, val := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 			statedb.SetState(context.Address(), loc.Bytes(), val)
 
 			self.Printf(" {0x%x : 0x%x}", loc.Bytes(), val.Bytes())
 		case JUMP:
-			jump(pc, stack.Pop())
+			jump(pc, stack.pop())
 
 			continue
 		case JUMPI:
-			cond, pos := stack.Popn()
+			pos, cond := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 
 			if cond.Cmp(ethutil.BigTrue) >= 0 {
 				jump(pc, pos)
@@ -633,19 +624,19 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 
 		case JUMPDEST:
 		case PC:
-			stack.Push(big.NewInt(int64(pc)))
+			stack.push(big.NewInt(int64(pc)))
 		case MSIZE:
-			stack.Push(big.NewInt(int64(mem.Len())))
+			stack.push(big.NewInt(int64(mem.Len())))
 		case GAS:
-			stack.Push(context.Gas)
+			stack.push(context.Gas)
 
 			self.Printf(" => %x", context.Gas)
 			// 0x60 range
 		case CREATE:
 
 			var (
-				value        = stack.Pop()
-				size, offset = stack.Popn()
+				value        = stack.pop()
+				offset, size = stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 				input        = mem.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64())
 				gas          = new(big.Int).Set(context.Gas)
 				addr         []byte
@@ -655,7 +646,7 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 			context.UseGas(context.Gas)
 			ret, suberr, ref := self.env.Create(context, nil, input, gas, price, value)
 			if suberr != nil {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigFalse)
 
 				self.Printf(" (*) 0x0 %v", suberr)
 			} else {
@@ -668,23 +659,19 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 				}
 				addr = ref.Address()
 
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigD(addr))
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigD(addr))
 
 			}
 
-			// Debug hook
-			if self.Dbg != nil {
-				self.Dbg.SetCode(context.Code)
-			}
 		case CALL, CALLCODE:
-			gas := stack.Pop()
-			// Pop gas and value of the stack.
-			value, addr := stack.Popn()
+			gas := stack.pop()
+			// pop gas and value of the stack.
+			addr, value := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 			value = U256(value)
-			// Pop input size and offset
-			inSize, inOffset := stack.Popn()
-			// Pop return size and offset
-			retSize, retOffset := stack.Popn()
+			// pop input size and offset
+			inOffset, inSize := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
+			// pop return size and offset
+			retOffset, retSize := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 
 			address := ethutil.Address(addr.Bytes())
 			self.Printf(" => %x", address).Endl()
@@ -707,30 +694,24 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 			}
 
 			if err != nil {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigFalse)
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigFalse)
 
 				vmlogger.Debugln(err)
 			} else {
-				stack.Push(ethutil.BigTrue)
+				stack.push(ethutil.BigTrue)
 
 				mem.Set(retOffset.Uint64(), retSize.Uint64(), ret)
 			}
 			self.Printf("resume %x (%v)", context.Address(), context.Gas)
-
-			// Debug hook
-			if self.Dbg != nil {
-				self.Dbg.SetCode(context.Code)
-			}
-
 		case RETURN:
-			size, offset := stack.Popn()
+			offset, size := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
 			ret := mem.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64())
 
 			self.Printf(" => [%v, %v] (%d) 0x%x", offset, size, len(ret), ret).Endl()
 
 			return context.Return(ret), nil
 		case SUICIDE:
-			receiver := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(stack.Pop().Bytes())
+			receiver := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(stack.pop().Bytes())
 			balance := statedb.GetBalance(context.Address())
 
 			self.Printf(" => (%x) %v", receiver.Address()[:4], balance)
@@ -753,117 +734,17 @@ func (self *Vm) Run(me, caller ContextRef, code []byte, value, gas, price *big.I
 		pc++
 
 		self.Endl()
-
-		if self.Dbg != nil {
-			for _, instrNo := range self.Dbg.BreakPoints() {
-				if pc == uint64(instrNo) {
-					self.Stepping = true
-
-					if !self.Dbg.BreakHook(prevStep, op, mem, stack, statedb.GetStateObject(context.Address())) {
-						return nil, nil
-					}
-				} else if self.Stepping {
-					if !self.Dbg.StepHook(prevStep, op, mem, stack, statedb.GetStateObject(context.Address())) {
-						return nil, nil
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
 	}
 }
 
-type req struct {
-	stack int
-	gas   *big.Int
-}
-
-var _baseCheck = map[OpCode]req{
-	//       Req Stack  Gas price
-	ADD:          {2, GasFastestStep},
-	LT:           {2, GasFastestStep},
-	GT:           {2, GasFastestStep},
-	SLT:          {2, GasFastestStep},
-	SGT:          {2, GasFastestStep},
-	EQ:           {2, GasFastestStep},
-	ISZERO:       {1, GasFastestStep},
-	SUB:          {2, GasFastestStep},
-	AND:          {2, GasFastestStep},
-	OR:           {2, GasFastestStep},
-	XOR:          {2, GasFastestStep},
-	NOT:          {1, GasFastestStep},
-	BYTE:         {2, GasFastestStep},
-	CALLDATALOAD: {1, GasFastestStep},
-	CALLDATACOPY: {3, GasFastestStep},
-	MLOAD:        {1, GasFastestStep},
-	MSTORE:       {2, GasFastestStep},
-	MSTORE8:      {2, GasFastestStep},
-	CODECOPY:     {3, GasFastestStep},
-	MUL:          {2, GasFastStep},
-	DIV:          {2, GasFastStep},
-	SDIV:         {2, GasFastStep},
-	MOD:          {2, GasFastStep},
-	SMOD:         {2, GasFastStep},
-	SIGNEXTEND:   {2, GasFastStep},
-	ADDMOD:       {3, GasMidStep},
-	MULMOD:       {3, GasMidStep},
-	JUMP:         {1, GasMidStep},
-	JUMPI:        {2, GasSlowStep},
-	EXP:          {2, GasSlowStep},
-	ADDRESS:      {0, GasQuickStep},
-	ORIGIN:       {0, GasQuickStep},
-	CALLER:       {0, GasQuickStep},
-	CALLVALUE:    {0, GasQuickStep},
-	CODESIZE:     {0, GasQuickStep},
-	GASPRICE:     {0, GasQuickStep},
-	COINBASE:     {0, GasQuickStep},
-	TIMESTAMP:    {0, GasQuickStep},
-	NUMBER:       {0, GasQuickStep},
-	CALLDATASIZE: {0, GasQuickStep},
-	DIFFICULTY:   {0, GasQuickStep},
-	GASLIMIT:     {0, GasQuickStep},
-	POP:          {0, GasQuickStep},
-	PC:           {0, GasQuickStep},
-	MSIZE:        {0, GasQuickStep},
-	GAS:          {0, GasQuickStep},
-	BLOCKHASH:    {1, GasExtStep},
-	BALANCE:      {0, GasExtStep},
-	EXTCODESIZE:  {1, GasExtStep},
-	EXTCODECOPY:  {4, GasExtStep},
-	SLOAD:        {1, GasStorageGet},
-	SSTORE:       {2, Zero},
-	SHA3:         {1, GasSha3Base},
-	CREATE:       {3, GasCreate},
-	CALL:         {7, GasCall},
-	CALLCODE:     {7, GasCall},
-	JUMPDEST:     {0, GasJumpDest},
-	SUICIDE:      {1, Zero},
-	RETURN:       {2, Zero},
-}
-
-func baseCheck(op OpCode, stack *Stack, gas *big.Int) {
-	if r, ok := _baseCheck[op]; ok {
-		stack.require(r.stack)
-
-		gas.Add(gas, r.gas)
-	}
-}
-
-func toWordSize(size *big.Int) *big.Int {
-	tmp := new(big.Int)
-	tmp.Add(size, u256(31))
-	tmp.Div(tmp, u256(32))
-	return tmp
-}
-
-func (self *Vm) calculateGasAndSize(context *Context, caller ContextRef, op OpCode, statedb *state.StateDB, mem *Memory, stack *Stack) (*big.Int, *big.Int) {
+func (self *Vm) calculateGasAndSize(context *Context, caller ContextRef, op OpCode, statedb *state.StateDB, mem *Memory, stack *stack) (*big.Int, *big.Int) {
 	var (
 		gas                 = new(big.Int)
 		newMemSize *big.Int = new(big.Int)
 	)
 	baseCheck(op, stack, gas)
 
-	// Stack Check, memory resize & gas phase
+	// stack Check, memory resize & gas phase
 	switch op {
 	case PUSH1, PUSH2, PUSH3, PUSH4, PUSH5, PUSH6, PUSH7, PUSH8, PUSH9, PUSH10, PUSH11, PUSH12, PUSH13, PUSH14, PUSH15, PUSH16, PUSH17, PUSH18, PUSH19, PUSH20, PUSH21, PUSH22, PUSH23, PUSH24, PUSH25, PUSH26, PUSH27, PUSH28, PUSH29, PUSH30, PUSH31, PUSH32:
 		gas.Set(GasFastestStep)
@@ -879,7 +760,7 @@ func (self *Vm) calculateGasAndSize(context *Context, caller ContextRef, op OpCo
 		n := int(op - LOG0)
 		stack.require(n + 2)
 
-		mSize, mStart := stack.Peekn()
+		mSize, mStart := stack.data[stack.len()-2], stack.data[stack.len()-1]
 
 		gas.Add(gas, GasLogBase)
 		gas.Add(gas, new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(int64(n)), GasLogTopic))
@@ -887,12 +768,12 @@ func (self *Vm) calculateGasAndSize(context *Context, caller ContextRef, op OpCo
 
 		newMemSize = calcMemSize(mStart, mSize)
 	case EXP:
-		gas.Add(gas, new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(int64(len(stack.data[stack.Len()-2].Bytes()))), GasExpByte))
+		gas.Add(gas, new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(int64(len(stack.data[stack.len()-2].Bytes()))), GasExpByte))
 	case SSTORE:
 		stack.require(2)
 
 		var g *big.Int
-		y, x := stack.Peekn()
+		y, x := stack.data[stack.len()-2], stack.data[stack.len()-1]
 		val := statedb.GetState(context.Address(), x.Bytes())
 		if len(val) == 0 && len(y.Bytes()) > 0 {
 			// 0 => non 0
@@ -911,51 +792,51 @@ func (self *Vm) calculateGasAndSize(context *Context, caller ContextRef, op OpCo
 			statedb.Refund(self.env.Origin(), RefundSuicide)
 		}
 	case MLOAD:
-		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), u256(32))
+		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), u256(32))
 	case MSTORE8:
-		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), u256(1))
+		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), u256(1))
 	case MSTORE:
-		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), u256(32))
+		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), u256(32))
 	case RETURN:
-		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), stack.data[stack.Len()-2])
+		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), stack.data[stack.len()-2])
 	case SHA3:
-		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), stack.data[stack.Len()-2])
+		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), stack.data[stack.len()-2])
 
-		words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.Len()-2])
+		words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.len()-2])
 		gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, GasSha3Word))
 	case CALLDATACOPY:
-		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), stack.data[stack.Len()-3])
+		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), stack.data[stack.len()-3])
 
-		words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.Len()-3])
+		words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.len()-3])
 		gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, GasCopyWord))
 	case CODECOPY:
-		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.Peek(), stack.data[stack.Len()-3])
+		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), stack.data[stack.len()-3])
 
-		words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.Len()-3])
+		words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.len()-3])
 		gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, GasCopyWord))
 	case EXTCODECOPY:
-		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.Len()-2], stack.data[stack.Len()-4])
+		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.len()-2], stack.data[stack.len()-4])
 
-		words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.Len()-4])
+		words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.len()-4])
 		gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, GasCopyWord))
 
 	case CREATE:
-		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.Len()-2], stack.data[stack.Len()-3])
+		newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.len()-2], stack.data[stack.len()-3])
 	case CALL, CALLCODE:
-		gas.Add(gas, stack.data[stack.Len()-1])
+		gas.Add(gas, stack.data[stack.len()-1])
 
 		if op == CALL {
-			if self.env.State().GetStateObject(stack.data[stack.Len()-2].Bytes()) == nil {
+			if self.env.State().GetStateObject(stack.data[stack.len()-2].Bytes()) == nil {
 				gas.Add(gas, GasCallNewAccount)
 			}
 		}
 
-		if len(stack.data[stack.Len()-3].Bytes()) > 0 {
+		if len(stack.data[stack.len()-3].Bytes()) > 0 {
 			gas.Add(gas, GasCallValueTransfer)
 		}
 
-		x := calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.Len()-6], stack.data[stack.Len()-7])
-		y := calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.Len()-4], stack.data[stack.Len()-5])
+		x := calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.len()-6], stack.data[stack.len()-7])
+		y := calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.len()-4], stack.data[stack.len()-5])
 
 		newMemSize = ethutil.BigMax(x, y)
 	}