path: root/core/vm/governance.go

// Copyright 2018 The dexon-consensus Authors
// This file is part of the dexon-consensus library.
//
// The dexon-consensus library is free software: you can redistribute it
// and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
// published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
// or (at your option) any later version.
//
// The dexon-consensus library is distributed in the hope that it will be
// useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser
// General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the dexon-consensus library. If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package vm

import (
    "math/big"
    "strings"

    "github.com/dexon-foundation/dexon/accounts/abi"
    "github.com/dexon-foundation/dexon/common"
    "github.com/dexon-foundation/dexon/core/types"
    "github.com/dexon-foundation/dexon/crypto"
    "github.com/dexon-foundation/dexon/params"
    "github.com/dexon-foundation/dexon/rlp"

    coreCommon "github.com/dexon-foundation/dexon-consensus/common"
    "github.com/dexon-foundation/dexon-consensus/core"
    coreCrypto "github.com/dexon-foundation/dexon-consensus/core/crypto"
    "github.com/dexon-foundation/dexon-consensus/core/crypto/ecdsa"
    coreTypes "github.com/dexon-foundation/dexon-consensus/core/types"
    dkgTypes "github.com/dexon-foundation/dexon-consensus/core/types/dkg"
)

var GovernanceContractAddress = common.HexToAddress("5765692d4e696e6720536f6e696320426f6a6965")

const GovernanceABIJSON = `
[
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "address"
      },
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "address"
      }
    ],
    "name": "delegatorsOffset",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "int256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "blockReward",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "name": "dkgComplaints",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "bytes"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "notarySetSize",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "dkgSetSize",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "name": "nodes",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "owner",
        "type": "address"
      },
      {
        "name": "publicKey",
        "type": "bytes"
      },
      {
        "name": "staked",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "name",
        "type": "string"
      },
      {
        "name": "email",
        "type": "string"
      },
      {
        "name": "location",
        "type": "string"
      },
      {
        "name": "url",
        "type": "string"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "lambdaBA",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "minStake",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "name": "crs",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "bytes32"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "phiRatio",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "address"
      },
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "name": "delegators",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "owner",
        "type": "address"
      },
      {
        "name": "value",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "blockGasLimit",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "roundInterval",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "owner",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "address"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "address"
      }
    ],
    "name": "nodesOffset",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "int256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "lambdaDKG",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "name": "roundHeight",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "minBlockInterval",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "k",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "name": "dkgMasterPublicKeys",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "bytes"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "address"
      }
    ],
    "name": "dkgFinalizeds",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "bool"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "numChains",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "name": "dkgFinalizedsCount",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "anonymous": false,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "ConfigurationChanged",
    "type": "event"
  },
  {
    "anonymous": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "indexed": true,
        "name": "Round",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "indexed": false,
        "name": "CRS",
        "type": "bytes32"
      }
    ],
    "name": "CRSProposed",
    "type": "event"
  },
  {
    "anonymous": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "indexed": true,
        "name": "NodeAddress",
        "type": "address"
      }
    ],
    "name": "Staked",
    "type": "event"
  },
  {
    "anonymous": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "indexed": true,
        "name": "NodeAddress",
        "type": "address"
      }
    ],
    "name": "Unstaked",
    "type": "event"
  },
  {
    "anonymous": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "indexed": true,
        "name": "NodeAddress",
        "type": "address"
      },
      {
        "indexed": true,
        "name": "DelegatorAddress",
        "type": "address"
      },
      {
        "indexed": false,
        "name": "Amount",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "name": "Delegated",
    "type": "event"
  },
  {
    "anonymous": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "indexed": true,
        "name": "NodeAddress",
        "type": "address"
      },
      {
        "indexed": true,
        "name": "DelegatorAddress",
        "type": "address"
      }
    ],
    "name": "Undelegated",
    "type": "event"
  },
  {
    "constant": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "newOwner",
        "type": "address"
      }
    ],
    "name": "transferOwnership",
    "outputs": [],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "MinStake",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "BlockReward",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "BlockGasLimit",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "NumChains",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "LambdaBA",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "LambdaDKG",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "K",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "PhiRatio",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "NotarySetSize",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "DKGSetSize",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "RoundInterval",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "MinBlockInterval",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "name": "updateConfiguration",
    "outputs": [],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "nodesLength",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": true,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "NodeAddress",
        "type": "address"
      }
    ],
    "name": "delegatorsLength",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "name": "",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "view",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "Round",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "Height",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "name": "snapshotRound",
    "outputs": [],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "Round",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "SignedCRS",
        "type": "bytes"
      }
    ],
    "name": "proposeCRS",
    "outputs": [],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "Round",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "Complaint",
        "type": "bytes"
      }
    ],
    "name": "addDKGComplaint",
    "outputs": [],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "Round",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "PublicKey",
        "type": "bytes"
      }
    ],
    "name": "addDKGMasterPublicKey",
    "outputs": [],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "Round",
        "type": "uint256"
      },
      {
        "name": "Finalize",
        "type": "bytes"
      }
    ],
    "name": "addDKGFinalize",
    "outputs": [],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "PublicKey",
        "type": "bytes"
      },
      {
        "name": "Name",
        "type": "string"
      },
      {
        "name": "Email",
        "type": "string"
      },
      {
        "name": "Location",
        "type": "string"
      },
      {
        "name": "Url",
        "type": "string"
      }
    ],
    "name": "stake",
    "outputs": [],
    "payable": true,
    "stateMutability": "payable",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": false,
    "inputs": [],
    "name": "unstake",
    "outputs": [],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "NodeAddress",
        "type": "address"
      }
    ],
    "name": "delegate",
    "outputs": [],
    "payable": true,
    "stateMutability": "payable",
    "type": "function"
  },
  {
    "constant": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "name": "NodeAddress",
        "type": "address"
      }
    ],
    "name": "undelegate",
    "outputs": [],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
    "type": "function"
  }
]
`

var abiObject abi.ABI
var GovernanceContractName2Method map[string]abi.Method
var sig2Method map[string]abi.Method
var events map[string]abi.Event

func init() {
    var err error

    // Parse governance contract ABI.
    abiObject, err = abi.JSON(strings.NewReader(GovernanceABIJSON))
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    sig2Method = make(map[string]abi.Method)
    GovernanceContractName2Method = make(map[string]abi.Method)

    // Construct dispatch table.
    for _, method := range abiObject.Methods {
        sig2Method[string(method.Id())] = method
        GovernanceContractName2Method[method.Name] = method
    }

    events = make(map[string]abi.Event)

    // Event cache.
    for _, event := range abiObject.Events {
        events[event.Name] = event
    }
}

// RunGovernanceContract executes governance contract.
func RunGovernanceContract(evm *EVM, input []byte, contract *Contract) (ret []byte, err error) {
    if len(input) < 4 {
        return nil, nil
    }

    // Parse input.
    method, exists := sig2Method[string(input[:4])]
    if !exists {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    // Dispatch method call.
    g := newGovernanceContract(evm, contract)
    arguments := input[4:]

    switch method.Name {
    case "addDKGComplaint":
        args := struct {
            Round     *big.Int
            Complaint []byte
        }{}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&args, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return g.addDKGComplaint(args.Round, args.Complaint)
    case "addDKGMasterPublicKey":
        args := struct {
            Round     *big.Int
            PublicKey []byte
        }{}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&args, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return g.addDKGMasterPublicKey(args.Round, args.PublicKey)
    case "addDKGFinalize":
        args := struct {
            Round    *big.Int
            Finalize []byte
        }{}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&args, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return g.addDKGFinalize(args.Round, args.Finalize)
    case "delegate":
        address := common.Address{}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&address, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return g.delegate(address)
    case "delegatorsLength":
        address := common.Address{}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&address, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.LenDelegators(address))
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "nodesLength":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.LenNodes())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "proposeCRS":
        args := struct {
            Round     *big.Int
            SignedCRS []byte
        }{}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&args, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return g.proposeCRS(args.Round, args.SignedCRS)
    case "stake":
        args := struct {
            PublicKey []byte
            Name      string
            Email     string
            Location  string
            Url       string
        }{}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&args, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return g.stake(args.PublicKey, args.Name, args.Email, args.Location, args.Url)
    case "snapshotRound":
        args := struct {
            Round  *big.Int
            Height *big.Int
        }{}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&args, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return g.snapshotRound(args.Round, args.Height)
    case "transferOwnership":
        var newOwner common.Address
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&newOwner, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return g.transferOwnership(newOwner)
    case "undelegate":
        address := common.Address{}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&address, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return g.undelegate(address)
    case "unstake":
        return g.unstake()
    case "updateConfiguration":
        var cfg rawConfigStruct
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&cfg, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return g.updateConfiguration(&cfg)

    // --------------------------------
    // Solidity auto generated methods.
    // --------------------------------

    case "blockGasLimit":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.BlockGasLimit())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "blockReward":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.BlockReward())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "crs":
        round := new(big.Int)
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&round, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.CRS(round))
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "delegators":
        nodeAddr, index := common.Address{}, new(big.Int)
        args := []interface{}{&nodeAddr, &index}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&args, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        delegator := g.state.Delegator(nodeAddr, index)
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(delegator.Owner, delegator.Value)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "delegatorsOffset":
        nodeAddr, delegatorAddr := common.Address{}, common.Address{}
        args := []interface{}{&nodeAddr, &delegatorAddr}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&args, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.DelegatorsOffset(nodeAddr, delegatorAddr))
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "dkgComplaints":
        round, index := new(big.Int), new(big.Int)
        args := []interface{}{&round, &index}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&args, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        complaints := g.state.DKGComplaints(round)
        if int(index.Uint64()) >= len(complaints) {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        complaint := complaints[index.Uint64()]
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(complaint)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "dkgFinalizeds":
        round, addr := new(big.Int), common.Address{}
        args := []interface{}{&round, &addr}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&args, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        finalized := g.state.DKGFinalized(round, addr)
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(finalized)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "dkgFinalizedsCount":
        round := new(big.Int)
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&round, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        count := g.state.DKGFinalizedsCount(round)
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(count)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "dkgMasterPublicKeys":
        round, index := new(big.Int), new(big.Int)
        args := []interface{}{&round, &index}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&args, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        mpks := g.state.DKGMasterPublicKeys(round)
        if int(index.Uint64()) >= len(mpks) {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        mpk := mpks[index.Uint64()]
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(mpk)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "dkgSetSize":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.DKGSetSize())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "k":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.K())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "lambdaBA":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.LambdaBA())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "lambdaDKG":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.LambdaDKG())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "minBlockInterval":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.MinBlockInterval())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "minStake":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.MinStake())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "numChains":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.NumChains())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "nodes":
        index := new(big.Int)
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&index, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        info := g.state.Node(index)
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(
            info.Owner, info.PublicKey, info.Staked,
            info.Name, info.Email, info.Location, info.Url)
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "nodesOffset":
        address := common.Address{}
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&address, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.NodesOffset(address))
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "notarySetSize":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.NotarySetSize())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "owner":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.Owner())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "phiRatio":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.PhiRatio())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "roundHeight":
        round := new(big.Int)
        if err := method.Inputs.Unpack(&round, arguments); err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.RoundHeight(round))
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    case "roundInterval":
        res, err := method.Outputs.Pack(g.state.RoundInterval())
        if err != nil {
            return nil, errExecutionReverted
        }
        return res, nil
    }
    return nil, nil
}

// Storage position enums.
const (
    roundHeightLoc = iota
    nodesLoc
    nodesOffsetLoc
    delegatorsLoc
    delegatorsOffsetLoc
    crsLoc
    dkgMasterPublicKeysLoc
    dkgComplaintsLoc
    dkgFinalizedLoc
    dkgFinalizedsCountLoc
    ownerLoc
    minStakeLoc
    blockRewardLoc
    blockGasLimitLoc
    numChainsLoc
    lambdaBALoc
    lambdaDKGLoc
    kLoc
    phiRatioLoc
    notarySetSizeLoc
    dkgSetSizeLoc
    roundIntervalLoc
    minBlockIntervalLoc
)

// State manipulation helper fro the governance contract.
type GovernanceStateHelper struct {
    StateDB StateDB
}

func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) getState(loc common.Hash) common.Hash {
    return s.StateDB.GetState(GovernanceContractAddress, loc)
}

func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) setState(loc common.Hash, val common.Hash) {
    s.StateDB.SetState(GovernanceContractAddress, loc, val)
}

func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) getStateBigInt(loc *big.Int) *big.Int {
    res := s.StateDB.GetState(GovernanceContractAddress, common.BigToHash(loc))
    return new(big.Int).SetBytes(res.Bytes())
}

func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) setStateBigInt(loc *big.Int, val *big.Int) {
    s.setState(common.BigToHash(loc), common.BigToHash(val))
}

func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) getSlotLoc(loc *big.Int) *big.Int {
    return new(big.Int).SetBytes(crypto.Keccak256(common.BigToHash(loc).Bytes()))
}

func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) getMapLoc(pos *big.Int, key []byte) *big.Int {
    return new(big.Int).SetBytes(crypto.Keccak256(key, common.BigToHash(pos).Bytes()))
}

func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) readBytes(loc *big.Int) []byte {
    // Length of the dynamic array (bytes).
    rawLength := s.getStateBigInt(loc)
    lengthByte := new(big.Int).Mod(rawLength, big.NewInt(256))

    // Bytes length <= 31, lengthByte % 2 == 0
    // return the high 31 bytes.
    if new(big.Int).Mod(lengthByte, big.NewInt(2)).Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) == 0 {
        length := new(big.Int).Div(lengthByte, big.NewInt(2)).Uint64()
        return rawLength.Bytes()[:length]
    }

    // Actual length = (rawLength - 1) / 2
    length := new(big.Int).Div(new(big.Int).Sub(rawLength, big.NewInt(1)), big.NewInt(2)).Uint64()

    // Data address.
    dataLoc := s.getSlotLoc(loc)

    // Read continuously for length bytes.
    carry := int64(0)
    if length%32 > 0 {
        carry = 1
    }
    chunks := int64(length/32) + carry
    var data []byte
    for i := int64(0); i < chunks; i++ {
        loc = new(big.Int).Add(dataLoc, big.NewInt(i))
        data = append(data, s.getState(common.BigToHash(loc)).Bytes()...)
    }
    data = data[:length]
    return data
}

func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) writeBytes(loc *big.Int, data []byte) {
    length := int64(len(data))

    if length == 0 {
        s.setState(common.BigToHash(loc), common.Hash{})
        return
    }

    // Short bytes (length <= 31).
    if length < 32 {
        data2 := append([]byte(nil), data...)
        // Right pad with zeros
        for len(data2) < 31 {
            data2 = append(data2, byte(0))
        }
        data2 = append(data2, byte(length*2))
        s.setState(common.BigToHash(loc), common.BytesToHash(data2))
        return
    }

    // Write 2 * length + 1.
    storedLength := new(big.Int).Add(new(big.Int).Mul(
        big.NewInt(length), big.NewInt(2)), big.NewInt(1))
    s.setStateBigInt(loc, storedLength)
    // Write data chunck.
    dataLoc := s.getSlotLoc(loc)
    carry := int64(0)
    if length%32 > 0 {
        carry = 1
    }
    chunks := length/32 + carry
    for i := int64(0); i < chunks; i++ {
        loc = new(big.Int).Add(dataLoc, big.NewInt(i))
        maxLoc := (i + 1) * 32
        if maxLoc > length {
            maxLoc = length
        }
        data2 := data[i*32 : maxLoc]
        // Right pad with zeros.
        for len(data2) < 32 {
            data2 = append(data2, byte(0))
        }
        s.setState(common.BigToHash(loc), common.BytesToHash(data2))
    }
}

func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) read2DByteArray(pos, index *big.Int) [][]byte {
    baseLoc := s.getSlotLoc(pos)
    loc := new(big.Int).Add(baseLoc, index)

    arrayLength := s.getStateBigInt(loc)
    dataLoc := s.getSlotLoc(loc)

    data := [][]byte{}
    for i := int64(0); i < int64(arrayLength.Uint64()); i++ {
        elementLoc := new(big.Int).Add(dataLoc, big.NewInt(i))
        data = append(data, s.readBytes(elementLoc))
    }

    return data
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) appendTo2DByteArray(pos, index *big.Int, data []byte) {
    // Find the loc of the last element.
    baseLoc := s.getSlotLoc(pos)
    loc := new(big.Int).Add(baseLoc, index)

    // Increase length by 1.
    arrayLength := s.getStateBigInt(loc)
    s.setStateBigInt(loc, new(big.Int).Add(arrayLength, big.NewInt(1)))

    // Write element.
    dataLoc := s.getSlotLoc(loc)
    elementLoc := new(big.Int).Add(dataLoc, arrayLength)
    s.writeBytes(elementLoc, data)
}

// uint256[] public roundHeight;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) LenRoundHeight() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(roundHeightLoc))
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) RoundHeight(round *big.Int) *big.Int {
    baseLoc := s.getSlotLoc(big.NewInt(roundHeightLoc))
    loc := new(big.Int).Add(baseLoc, round)
    return s.getStateBigInt(loc)
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) PushRoundHeight(height *big.Int) {
    // Increase length by 1.
    length := s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(roundHeightLoc))
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(roundHeightLoc), new(big.Int).Add(length, big.NewInt(1)))

    baseLoc := s.getSlotLoc(big.NewInt(roundHeightLoc))
    loc := new(big.Int).Add(baseLoc, length)

    s.setStateBigInt(loc, height)
}

// struct Node {
//     address owner;
//     bytes publicKey;
//     uint256 staked;
//     string name;
//     string email;
//     string location;
//     string url;
// }
//
// Node[] nodes;

type nodeInfo struct {
    Owner     common.Address
    PublicKey []byte
    Staked    *big.Int
    Name      string
    Email     string
    Location  string
    Url       string
}

const nodeStructSize = 7

func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) LenNodes() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(nodesLoc))
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) Node(index *big.Int) *nodeInfo {
    node := new(nodeInfo)

    arrayBaseLoc := s.getSlotLoc(big.NewInt(nodesLoc))
    elementBaseLoc := new(big.Int).Add(arrayBaseLoc,
        new(big.Int).Mul(index, big.NewInt(nodeStructSize)))

    // Owner.
    loc := elementBaseLoc
    node.Owner = common.BytesToAddress(s.getState(common.BigToHash(elementBaseLoc)).Bytes())

    // PublicKey.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(1))
    node.PublicKey = s.readBytes(loc)

    // Staked.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(2))
    node.Staked = s.getStateBigInt(loc)

    // Name.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(3))
    node.Name = string(s.readBytes(loc))

    // Email.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(4))
    node.Email = string(s.readBytes(loc))

    // Location.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(5))
    node.Location = string(s.readBytes(loc))

    // Url.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(6))
    node.Url = string(s.readBytes(loc))

    return node
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) PushNode(n *nodeInfo) {
    // Increase length by 1.
    arrayLength := s.LenNodes()
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(nodesLoc), new(big.Int).Add(arrayLength, big.NewInt(1)))

    s.UpdateNode(arrayLength, n)
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) UpdateNode(index *big.Int, n *nodeInfo) {
    arrayBaseLoc := s.getSlotLoc(big.NewInt(nodesLoc))
    elementBaseLoc := new(big.Int).Add(arrayBaseLoc, new(big.Int).Mul(index, big.NewInt(nodeStructSize)))

    // Owner.
    loc := elementBaseLoc
    s.setState(common.BigToHash(loc), n.Owner.Hash())

    // PublicKey.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(1))
    s.writeBytes(loc, n.PublicKey)

    // Staked.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(2))
    s.setStateBigInt(loc, n.Staked)

    // Name.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(3))
    s.writeBytes(loc, []byte(n.Name))

    // Email.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(4))
    s.writeBytes(loc, []byte(n.Email))

    // Location.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(5))
    s.writeBytes(loc, []byte(n.Location))

    // Url.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(6))
    s.writeBytes(loc, []byte(n.Url))
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) PopLastNode() {
    // Decrease length by 1.
    arrayLength := s.LenNodes()
    newArrayLength := new(big.Int).Sub(arrayLength, big.NewInt(1))
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(nodesLoc), newArrayLength)

    s.UpdateNode(newArrayLength, &nodeInfo{Staked: big.NewInt(0)})
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) Nodes() []*nodeInfo {
    var nodes []*nodeInfo
    for i := int64(0); i < int64(s.LenNodes().Uint64()); i++ {
        nodes = append(nodes, s.Node(big.NewInt(i)))
    }
    return nodes
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) QualifiedNodes() []*nodeInfo {
    var nodes []*nodeInfo
    for i := int64(0); i < int64(s.LenNodes().Uint64()); i++ {
        node := s.Node(big.NewInt(i))
        if node.Staked.Cmp(s.MinStake()) >= 0 {
            nodes = append(nodes, node)
        }
    }
    return nodes
}

// mapping(address => uint256) public nodeOffset;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) NodesOffset(addr common.Address) *big.Int {
    loc := s.getMapLoc(big.NewInt(nodesOffsetLoc), addr.Bytes())
    return new(big.Int).Sub(s.getStateBigInt(loc), big.NewInt(1))
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) PutNodesOffset(addr common.Address, offset *big.Int) {
    loc := s.getMapLoc(big.NewInt(nodesOffsetLoc), addr.Bytes())
    s.setStateBigInt(loc, new(big.Int).Add(offset, big.NewInt(1)))
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) DeleteNodesOffset(addr common.Address) {
    loc := s.getMapLoc(big.NewInt(nodesOffsetLoc), addr.Bytes())
    s.setStateBigInt(loc, big.NewInt(0))
}

// struct Delegator {
//     address node;
//     address owner;
//     uint256 value;
// }

type delegatorInfo struct {
    Owner common.Address
    Value *big.Int
}

const delegatorStructSize = 2

// mapping(address => Delegator[]) public delegators;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) LenDelegators(nodeAddr common.Address) *big.Int {
    loc := s.getMapLoc(big.NewInt(delegatorsLoc), nodeAddr.Bytes())
    return s.getStateBigInt(loc)
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) Delegator(nodeAddr common.Address, offset *big.Int) *delegatorInfo {
    delegator := new(delegatorInfo)

    loc := s.getMapLoc(big.NewInt(delegatorsLoc), nodeAddr.Bytes())
    arrayBaseLoc := s.getSlotLoc(loc)
    elementBaseLoc := new(big.Int).Add(arrayBaseLoc, new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(delegatorStructSize), offset))

    // Owner.
    loc = elementBaseLoc
    delegator.Owner = common.BytesToAddress(s.getState(common.BigToHash(elementBaseLoc)).Bytes())

    // Value.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(1))
    delegator.Value = s.getStateBigInt(loc)

    return delegator
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) PushDelegator(nodeAddr common.Address, delegator *delegatorInfo) {
    // Increase length by 1.
    arrayLength := s.LenDelegators(nodeAddr)
    loc := s.getMapLoc(big.NewInt(delegatorsLoc), nodeAddr.Bytes())
    s.setStateBigInt(loc, new(big.Int).Add(arrayLength, big.NewInt(1)))

    s.UpdateDelegator(nodeAddr, arrayLength, delegator)
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) UpdateDelegator(nodeAddr common.Address, offset *big.Int, delegator *delegatorInfo) {
    loc := s.getMapLoc(big.NewInt(delegatorsLoc), nodeAddr.Bytes())
    arrayBaseLoc := s.getSlotLoc(loc)
    elementBaseLoc := new(big.Int).Add(arrayBaseLoc, new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(delegatorStructSize), offset))

    // Owner.
    loc = elementBaseLoc
    s.setState(common.BigToHash(loc), delegator.Owner.Hash())

    // Value.
    loc = new(big.Int).Add(elementBaseLoc, big.NewInt(1))
    s.setStateBigInt(loc, delegator.Value)
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) PopLastDelegator(nodeAddr common.Address) {
    // Decrease length by 1.
    arrayLength := s.LenDelegators(nodeAddr)
    newArrayLength := new(big.Int).Sub(arrayLength, big.NewInt(1))
    loc := s.getMapLoc(big.NewInt(delegatorsLoc), nodeAddr.Bytes())
    s.setStateBigInt(loc, newArrayLength)

    s.UpdateDelegator(nodeAddr, newArrayLength, &delegatorInfo{Value: big.NewInt(0)})
}

// mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) delegatorsOffset;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) DelegatorsOffset(nodeAddr, delegatorAddr common.Address) *big.Int {
    loc := s.getMapLoc(s.getMapLoc(big.NewInt(delegatorsOffsetLoc), nodeAddr.Bytes()), delegatorAddr.Bytes())
    return new(big.Int).Sub(s.getStateBigInt(loc), big.NewInt(1))
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) PutDelegatorOffset(nodeAddr, delegatorAddr common.Address, offset *big.Int) {
    loc := s.getMapLoc(s.getMapLoc(big.NewInt(delegatorsOffsetLoc), nodeAddr.Bytes()), delegatorAddr.Bytes())
    s.setStateBigInt(loc, new(big.Int).Add(offset, big.NewInt(1)))
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) DeleteDelegatorsOffset(nodeAddr, delegatorAddr common.Address) {
    loc := s.getMapLoc(s.getMapLoc(big.NewInt(delegatorsOffsetLoc), nodeAddr.Bytes()), delegatorAddr.Bytes())
    s.setStateBigInt(loc, big.NewInt(0))
}

// bytes32[] public crs;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) LenCRS() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(crsLoc))
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) CRS(index *big.Int) common.Hash {
    baseLoc := s.getSlotLoc(big.NewInt(crsLoc))
    loc := new(big.Int).Add(baseLoc, index)
    return s.getState(common.BigToHash(loc))
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) CurrentCRS() common.Hash {
    return s.CRS(new(big.Int).Sub(s.LenCRS(), big.NewInt(1)))
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) PushCRS(crs common.Hash) {
    // increase length by 1.
    length := s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(crsLoc))
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(crsLoc), new(big.Int).Add(length, big.NewInt(1)))

    baseLoc := s.getSlotLoc(big.NewInt(crsLoc))
    loc := new(big.Int).Add(baseLoc, length)

    s.setState(common.BigToHash(loc), crs)
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) Round() *big.Int {
    return new(big.Int).Sub(s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(crsLoc)), big.NewInt(1))
}

// bytes[][] public dkgMasterPublicKeys;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) DKGMasterPublicKeys(round *big.Int) [][]byte {
    return s.read2DByteArray(big.NewInt(dkgMasterPublicKeysLoc), round)
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) PushDKGMasterPublicKey(round *big.Int, mpk []byte) {
    s.appendTo2DByteArray(big.NewInt(dkgMasterPublicKeysLoc), round, mpk)
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) UniqueDKGMasterPublicKeys(round *big.Int) []*dkgTypes.MasterPublicKey {
    // Prepare DKGMasterPublicKeys.
    var dkgMasterPKs []*dkgTypes.MasterPublicKey
    existence := make(map[coreTypes.NodeID]struct{})
    for _, mpk := range s.DKGMasterPublicKeys(round) {
        x := new(dkgTypes.MasterPublicKey)
        if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(mpk, x); err != nil {
            panic(err)
        }

        // Only the first DKG MPK submission is valid.
        if _, exists := existence[x.ProposerID]; exists {
            continue
        }
        existence[x.ProposerID] = struct{}{}
        dkgMasterPKs = append(dkgMasterPKs, x)
    }
    return dkgMasterPKs
}

// bytes[][] public dkgComplaints;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) DKGComplaints(round *big.Int) [][]byte {
    return s.read2DByteArray(big.NewInt(dkgComplaintsLoc), round)
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) PushDKGComplaint(round *big.Int, complaint []byte) {
    s.appendTo2DByteArray(big.NewInt(dkgComplaintsLoc), round, complaint)
}

// mapping(address => bool)[] public dkgFinalized;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) DKGFinalized(round *big.Int, addr common.Address) bool {
    baseLoc := new(big.Int).Add(s.getSlotLoc(big.NewInt(dkgFinalizedLoc)), round)
    mapLoc := s.getMapLoc(baseLoc, addr.Bytes())
    return s.getStateBigInt(mapLoc).Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) != 0
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) PutDKGFinalized(round *big.Int, addr common.Address, finalized bool) {
    baseLoc := new(big.Int).Add(s.getSlotLoc(big.NewInt(dkgFinalizedLoc)), round)
    mapLoc := s.getMapLoc(baseLoc, addr.Bytes())
    res := big.NewInt(0)
    if finalized {
        res = big.NewInt(1)
    }
    s.setStateBigInt(mapLoc, res)
}

// uint256[] public dkgFinalizedsCount;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) DKGFinalizedsCount(round *big.Int) *big.Int {
    loc := new(big.Int).Add(s.getSlotLoc(big.NewInt(dkgFinalizedsCountLoc)), round)
    return s.getStateBigInt(loc)
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) IncDKGFinalizedsCount(round *big.Int) {
    loc := new(big.Int).Add(s.getSlotLoc(big.NewInt(dkgFinalizedsCountLoc)), round)
    count := s.getStateBigInt(loc)
    s.setStateBigInt(loc, new(big.Int).Add(count, big.NewInt(1)))
}

// address public owner;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) Owner() common.Address {
    val := s.getState(common.BigToHash(big.NewInt(ownerLoc)))
    return common.BytesToAddress(val.Bytes())
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) SetOwner(newOwner common.Address) {
    s.setState(common.BigToHash(big.NewInt(ownerLoc)), newOwner.Hash())
}

// uint256 public minStake;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) MinStake() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(minStakeLoc))
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) SetMinStake(stake *big.Int) {
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(minStakeLoc), stake)
}

// uint256 public blockReward;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) BlockReward() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(blockRewardLoc))
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) SetBlockReward(reward *big.Int) {
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(blockRewardLoc), reward)
}

// uint256 public blockGasLimit;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) BlockGasLimit() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(blockGasLimitLoc))
}
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) SetBlockGasLimit(reward *big.Int) {
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(blockGasLimitLoc), reward)
}

// uint256 public numChains;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) NumChains() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(numChainsLoc))
}

// uint256 public lambdaBA;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) LambdaBA() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(lambdaBALoc))
}

// uint256 public lambdaDKG;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) LambdaDKG() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(lambdaDKGLoc))
}

// uint256 public k;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) K() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(kLoc))
}

// uint256 public phiRatio;  // stored as PhiRatio * 10^6
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) PhiRatio() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(phiRatioLoc))
}

// uint256 public notarySetSize;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) NotarySetSize() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(notarySetSizeLoc))
}

// uint256 public dkgSetSize;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) DKGSetSize() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(dkgSetSizeLoc))
}

// uint256 public roundInterval;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) RoundInterval() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(roundIntervalLoc))
}

// uint256 public minBlockInterval;
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) MinBlockInterval() *big.Int {
    return s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(minBlockIntervalLoc))
}

// Stake is a helper function for creating genesis state.
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) Stake(
    addr common.Address, publicKey []byte, staked *big.Int,
    name, email, location, url string) {
    offset := s.LenNodes()
    s.PushNode(&nodeInfo{
        Owner:     addr,
        PublicKey: publicKey,
        Staked:    staked,
        Name:      name,
        Email:     email,
        Location:  location,
        Url:       url,
    })
    s.PutNodesOffset(addr, offset)
}

const phiRatioMultiplier = 1000000.0

// Configuration returns the current configuration.
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) Configuration() *params.DexconConfig {
    return &params.DexconConfig{
        MinStake:         s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(minStakeLoc)),
        BlockReward:      s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(blockRewardLoc)),
        BlockGasLimit:    s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(blockGasLimitLoc)).Uint64(),
        NumChains:        uint32(s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(numChainsLoc)).Uint64()),
        LambdaBA:         s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(lambdaBALoc)).Uint64(),
        LambdaDKG:        s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(lambdaDKGLoc)).Uint64(),
        K:                uint32(s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(kLoc)).Uint64()),
        PhiRatio:         float32(s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(phiRatioLoc)).Uint64()) / phiRatioMultiplier,
        NotarySetSize:    uint32(s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(notarySetSizeLoc)).Uint64()),
        DKGSetSize:       uint32(s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(dkgSetSizeLoc)).Uint64()),
        RoundInterval:    s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(roundIntervalLoc)).Uint64(),
        MinBlockInterval: s.getStateBigInt(big.NewInt(minBlockIntervalLoc)).Uint64(),
    }
}

// UpdateConfiguration updates system configuration.
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) UpdateConfiguration(cfg *params.DexconConfig) {
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(minStakeLoc), cfg.MinStake)
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(blockRewardLoc), cfg.BlockReward)
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(blockGasLimitLoc), big.NewInt(int64(cfg.BlockGasLimit)))
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(numChainsLoc), big.NewInt(int64(cfg.NumChains)))
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(lambdaBALoc), big.NewInt(int64(cfg.LambdaBA)))
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(lambdaDKGLoc), big.NewInt(int64(cfg.LambdaDKG)))
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(kLoc), big.NewInt(int64(cfg.K)))
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(phiRatioLoc), big.NewInt(int64(cfg.PhiRatio*phiRatioMultiplier)))
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(notarySetSizeLoc), big.NewInt(int64(cfg.NotarySetSize)))
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(dkgSetSizeLoc), big.NewInt(int64(cfg.DKGSetSize)))
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(roundIntervalLoc), big.NewInt(int64(cfg.RoundInterval)))
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(minBlockIntervalLoc), big.NewInt(int64(cfg.MinBlockInterval)))
}

type rawConfigStruct struct {
    MinStake         *big.Int
    BlockReward      *big.Int
    BlockGasLimit    *big.Int
    NumChains        *big.Int
    LambdaBA         *big.Int
    LambdaDKG        *big.Int
    K                *big.Int
    PhiRatio         *big.Int
    NotarySetSize    *big.Int
    DKGSetSize       *big.Int
    RoundInterval    *big.Int
    MinBlockInterval *big.Int
}

// UpdateConfigurationRaw updates system configuration.
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) UpdateConfigurationRaw(cfg *rawConfigStruct) {
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(minStakeLoc), cfg.MinStake)
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(blockRewardLoc), cfg.BlockReward)
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(blockGasLimitLoc), cfg.BlockGasLimit)
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(numChainsLoc), cfg.NumChains)
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(lambdaBALoc), cfg.LambdaBA)
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(lambdaDKGLoc), cfg.LambdaDKG)
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(kLoc), cfg.K)
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(phiRatioLoc), cfg.PhiRatio)
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(notarySetSizeLoc), cfg.NotarySetSize)
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(dkgSetSizeLoc), cfg.DKGSetSize)
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(roundIntervalLoc), cfg.RoundInterval)
    s.setStateBigInt(big.NewInt(minBlockIntervalLoc), cfg.MinBlockInterval)
}

// event ConfigurationChanged();
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) emitConfigurationChangedEvent() {
    s.StateDB.AddLog(&types.Log{
        Address: GovernanceContractAddress,
        Topics:  []common.Hash{events["ConfigurationChanged"].Id()},
        Data:    []byte{},
    })
}

// event CRSProposed(uint256 round, bytes32 crs);
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) emitCRSProposed(round *big.Int, crs common.Hash) {
    s.StateDB.AddLog(&types.Log{
        Address: GovernanceContractAddress,
        Topics:  []common.Hash{events["CRSProposed"].Id(), common.BigToHash(round)},
        Data:    crs.Bytes(),
    })
}

// event Staked(address indexed NodeAddress, uint256 Amount);
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) emitStaked(nodeAddr common.Address) {
    s.StateDB.AddLog(&types.Log{
        Address: GovernanceContractAddress,
        Topics:  []common.Hash{events["Staked"].Id(), nodeAddr.Hash()},
        Data:    []byte{},
    })
}

// event Unstaked(address indexed NodeAddress);
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) emitUnstaked(nodeAddr common.Address) {
    s.StateDB.AddLog(&types.Log{
        Address: GovernanceContractAddress,
        Topics:  []common.Hash{events["Unstaked"].Id(), nodeAddr.Hash()},
        Data:    []byte{},
    })
}

// event Delegated(address indexed NodeAddress, address indexed DelegatorAddress, uint256 Amount);
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) emitDelegated(nodeAddr, delegatorAddr common.Address, amount *big.Int) {
    s.StateDB.AddLog(&types.Log{
        Address: GovernanceContractAddress,
        Topics:  []common.Hash{events["Delegated"].Id(), nodeAddr.Hash(), delegatorAddr.Hash()},
        Data:    common.BigToHash(amount).Bytes(),
    })
}

// event Undelegated(address indexed NodeAddress, address indexed DelegatorAddress);
func (s *GovernanceStateHelper) emitUndelegated(nodeAddr, delegatorAddr common.Address) {
    s.StateDB.AddLog(&types.Log{
        Address: GovernanceContractAddress,
        Topics:  []common.Hash{events["Undelegated"].Id(), nodeAddr.Hash(), delegatorAddr.Hash()},
        Data:    []byte{},
    })
}

// GovernanceContract represents the governance contract of DEXCON.
type GovernanceContract struct {
    evm      *EVM
    state    GovernanceStateHelper
    contract *Contract
}

func newGovernanceContract(evm *EVM, contract *Contract) *GovernanceContract {
    return &GovernanceContract{
        evm:      evm,
        state:    GovernanceStateHelper{evm.StateDB},
        contract: contract,
    }
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) Address() common.Address {
    return GovernanceContractAddress
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) transfer(from, to common.Address, amount *big.Int) bool {
    // TODO(w): add this to debug trace so it shows up as internal transaction.
    if g.evm.CanTransfer(g.evm.StateDB, from, amount) {
        g.evm.Transfer(g.evm.StateDB, from, to, amount)
        return true
    }
    return false
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) useGas(gas uint64) ([]byte, error) {
    if !g.contract.UseGas(gas) {
        return nil, ErrOutOfGas
    }
    return nil, nil
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) penalize() ([]byte, error) {
    g.useGas(g.contract.Gas)
    return nil, errExecutionReverted
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) inDKGSet(round *big.Int, nodeID coreTypes.NodeID) bool {
    target := coreTypes.NewDKGSetTarget(coreCommon.Hash(g.state.CurrentCRS()))
    ns := coreTypes.NewNodeSet()

    configRound := big.NewInt(0) // If round < core.ConfigRoundShift, use 0.
    if round.Uint64() >= core.ConfigRoundShift {
        configRound = new(big.Int).Sub(round, big.NewInt(int64(core.ConfigRoundShift)))
    }

    statedb, err := g.evm.StateAtNumber(g.state.RoundHeight(configRound).Uint64())
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    state := GovernanceStateHelper{statedb}
    for _, x := range state.QualifiedNodes() {
        mpk, err := ecdsa.NewPublicKeyFromByteSlice(x.PublicKey)
        if err != nil {
            panic(err)
        }
        ns.Add(coreTypes.NewNodeID(mpk))
    }

    dkgSet := ns.GetSubSet(int(g.state.DKGSetSize().Uint64()), target)
    _, ok := dkgSet[nodeID]
    return ok
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) addDKGComplaint(round *big.Int, comp []byte) ([]byte, error) {
    if round.Cmp(g.state.Round()) != 0 {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    caller := g.contract.Caller()

    // Finalized caller is not allowed to propose complaint.
    if g.state.DKGFinalized(round, caller) {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    // Calculate 2f
    threshold := new(big.Int).Mul(
        big.NewInt(2),
        new(big.Int).Div(g.state.DKGSetSize(), big.NewInt(3)))

    // If 2f + 1 of DKG set is finalized, one can not propose complaint anymore.
    if g.state.DKGFinalizedsCount(round).Cmp(threshold) > 0 {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    var dkgComplaint dkgTypes.Complaint
    if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(comp, &dkgComplaint); err != nil {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    // DKGComplaint must belongs to someone in DKG set.
    if !g.inDKGSet(round, dkgComplaint.ProposerID) {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    verified, _ := core.VerifyDKGComplaintSignature(&dkgComplaint)
    if !verified {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    g.state.PushDKGComplaint(round, comp)

    // Set this to relatively high to prevent spamming
    return g.useGas(5000000)
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) addDKGMasterPublicKey(round *big.Int, mpk []byte) ([]byte, error) {
    // Can only add DKG master public key of current and next round.
    if round.Cmp(new(big.Int).Add(g.state.Round(), big.NewInt(1))) > 0 {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    caller := g.contract.Caller()
    offset := g.state.NodesOffset(caller)

    // Can not add dkg mpk if not staked.
    if offset.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) < 0 {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    var dkgMasterPK dkgTypes.MasterPublicKey
    if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(mpk, &dkgMasterPK); err != nil {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    // DKGMasterPublicKey must belongs to someone in DKG set.
    if !g.inDKGSet(round, dkgMasterPK.ProposerID) {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    verified, _ := core.VerifyDKGMasterPublicKeySignature(&dkgMasterPK)
    if !verified {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    g.state.PushDKGMasterPublicKey(round, mpk)

    return g.useGas(100000)
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) addDKGFinalize(round *big.Int, finalize []byte) ([]byte, error) {
    if round.Cmp(g.state.Round()) != 0 {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    caller := g.contract.Caller()

    var dkgFinalize dkgTypes.Finalize
    if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(finalize, &dkgFinalize); err != nil {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    // DKGFInalize must belongs to someone in DKG set.
    if !g.inDKGSet(round, dkgFinalize.ProposerID) {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    verified, _ := core.VerifyDKGFinalizeSignature(&dkgFinalize)
    if !verified {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    if !g.state.DKGFinalized(round, caller) {
        g.state.PutDKGFinalized(round, caller, true)
        g.state.IncDKGFinalizedsCount(round)
    }

    return g.useGas(100000)
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) delegate(nodeAddr common.Address) ([]byte, error) {
    offset := g.state.NodesOffset(nodeAddr)
    if offset.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) < 0 {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    caller := g.contract.Caller()
    value := g.contract.Value()

    // Can not delegate if no fund was sent.
    if value.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) == 0 {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    // Can not delegate if already delegated.
    delegatorOffset := g.state.DelegatorsOffset(nodeAddr, caller)
    if delegatorOffset.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) >= 0 {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    // Add to the total staked of node.
    node := g.state.Node(offset)
    node.Staked = new(big.Int).Add(node.Staked, g.contract.Value())
    g.state.UpdateNode(offset, node)

    // Push delegator record.
    offset = g.state.LenDelegators(nodeAddr)
    g.state.PushDelegator(nodeAddr, &delegatorInfo{
        Owner: caller,
        Value: value,
    })
    g.state.PutDelegatorOffset(nodeAddr, caller, offset)
    g.state.emitDelegated(nodeAddr, caller, value)

    return g.useGas(200000)
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) updateConfiguration(cfg *rawConfigStruct) ([]byte, error) {
    // Only owner can update configuration.
    if g.contract.Caller() != g.state.Owner() {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    g.state.UpdateConfigurationRaw(cfg)
    g.state.emitConfigurationChangedEvent()
    return nil, nil
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) stake(
    publicKey []byte, name, email, location, url string) ([]byte, error) {

    // Reject invalid inputs.
    if len(name) >= 32 || len(email) >= 32 || len(location) >= 32 || len(url) >= 128 {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    caller := g.contract.Caller()
    offset := g.state.NodesOffset(caller)

    // Check if public key is valid.
    if _, err := crypto.UnmarshalPubkey(publicKey); err != nil {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    // Can not stake if already staked.
    if offset.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) >= 0 {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    offset = g.state.LenNodes()
    g.state.PushNode(&nodeInfo{
        Owner:     caller,
        PublicKey: publicKey,
        Staked:    big.NewInt(0),
        Name:      name,
        Email:     email,
        Location:  location,
        Url:       url,
    })
    g.state.PutNodesOffset(caller, offset)

    // Delegate fund to itself.
    if g.contract.Value().Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) > 0 {
        if ret, err := g.delegate(caller); err != nil {
            return ret, err
        }
    }

    g.state.emitStaked(caller)
    return g.useGas(100000)
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) undelegateHelper(nodeAddr, owner common.Address) ([]byte, error) {
    nodeOffset := g.state.NodesOffset(nodeAddr)
    if nodeOffset.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) < 0 {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    offset := g.state.DelegatorsOffset(nodeAddr, owner)
    if offset.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) < 0 {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    delegator := g.state.Delegator(nodeAddr, offset)
    length := g.state.LenDelegators(nodeAddr)
    lastIndex := new(big.Int).Sub(length, big.NewInt(1))

    // Delete the delegator.
    if offset.Cmp(lastIndex) != 0 {
        lastNode := g.state.Delegator(nodeAddr, lastIndex)
        g.state.UpdateDelegator(nodeAddr, offset, lastNode)
        g.state.PutDelegatorOffset(nodeAddr, lastNode.Owner, offset)
    }
    g.state.DeleteDelegatorsOffset(nodeAddr, owner)
    g.state.PopLastDelegator(nodeAddr)

    // Subtract from the total staked of node.
    node := g.state.Node(nodeOffset)
    node.Staked = new(big.Int).Sub(node.Staked, delegator.Value)
    g.state.UpdateNode(nodeOffset, node)

    // Return the staked fund.
    if !g.transfer(GovernanceContractAddress, delegator.Owner, delegator.Value) {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    g.state.emitUndelegated(nodeAddr, owner)
    return g.useGas(100000)
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) undelegate(nodeAddr common.Address) ([]byte, error) {
    return g.undelegateHelper(nodeAddr, g.contract.Caller())
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) unstake() ([]byte, error) {
    caller := g.contract.Caller()
    offset := g.state.NodesOffset(caller)
    if offset.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) < 0 {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    // Undelegate all delegators.
    lenDelegators := g.state.LenDelegators(caller)
    i := new(big.Int).Sub(lenDelegators, big.NewInt(1))
    for i.Cmp(big.NewInt(0)) >= 0 {
        delegator := g.state.Delegator(caller, i)
        if ret, err := g.undelegateHelper(caller, delegator.Owner); err != nil {
            return ret, err
        }
        i = i.Sub(i, big.NewInt(1))
    }

    length := g.state.LenNodes()
    lastIndex := new(big.Int).Sub(length, big.NewInt(1))

    // Delete the node.
    if offset.Cmp(lastIndex) != 0 {
        lastNode := g.state.Node(lastIndex)
        g.state.UpdateNode(offset, lastNode)
        g.state.PutNodesOffset(lastNode.Owner, offset)
    }
    g.state.DeleteNodesOffset(caller)
    g.state.PopLastNode()

    g.state.emitUnstaked(caller)

    return g.useGas(100000)
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) proposeCRS(nextRound *big.Int, signedCRS []byte) ([]byte, error) {
    round := g.state.Round()

    if nextRound.Cmp(round) <= 0 {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    prevCRS := g.state.CRS(round)

    // Prepare DKGMasterPublicKeys.
    dkgMasterPKs := g.state.UniqueDKGMasterPublicKeys(round)

    // Prepare DKGComplaints.
    var dkgComplaints []*dkgTypes.Complaint
    for _, comp := range g.state.DKGComplaints(round) {
        x := new(dkgTypes.Complaint)
        if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(comp, x); err != nil {
            panic(err)
        }
        dkgComplaints = append(dkgComplaints, x)
    }

    threshold := int(g.state.DKGSetSize().Uint64()/3 + 1)

    dkgGPK, err := core.NewDKGGroupPublicKey(
        round.Uint64(), dkgMasterPKs, dkgComplaints, threshold)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }
    signature := coreCrypto.Signature{
        Type:      "bls",
        Signature: signedCRS,
    }
    if !dkgGPK.VerifySignature(coreCommon.Hash(prevCRS), signature) {
        return g.penalize()
    }

    // Save new CRS into state and increase round.
    newCRS := crypto.Keccak256(signedCRS)
    crs := common.BytesToHash(newCRS)

    g.state.PushCRS(crs)
    g.state.emitCRSProposed(nextRound, crs)

    // To encourage DKG set to propose the correct value, correctly submitting
    // this should cause nothing.
    return g.useGas(0)
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) transferOwnership(newOwner common.Address) ([]byte, error) {
    // Only owner can update configuration.
    if g.contract.Caller() != g.state.Owner() {
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }
    g.state.SetOwner(newOwner)
    return nil, nil
}

func (g *GovernanceContract) snapshotRound(round, height *big.Int) ([]byte, error) {
    // Validate if this mapping is correct. Only block proposer need to verify this.
    if g.evm.IsBlockProposer() {
        realHeight, ok := g.evm.GetRoundHeight(round.Uint64())
        if !ok {
            return g.penalize()
        }

        if height.Cmp(new(big.Int).SetUint64(realHeight)) != 0 {
            return g.penalize()
        }
    }

    // Only allow updating the next round.
    nextRound := g.state.LenRoundHeight()
    if round.Cmp(nextRound) != 0 {
        // No need to penalize, since the only possibility at this point is the
        // round height is already snapshoted.
        return nil, errExecutionReverted
    }

    g.state.PushRoundHeight(height)
    return nil, nil
}