15 files changed, 550 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/address.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/address.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b21863a8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/address.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { Web3Wrapper } from '@0x/web3-wrapper';
+
+export const getBestAddress = async (web3Wrapper: Web3Wrapper): Promise<string | undefined> => {
+    const addresses = await web3Wrapper.getAvailableAddressesAsync();
+    return addresses[0];
+};
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/assert.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/assert.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..971c1eb96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/assert.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { assert as sharedAssert } from '@0x/assert';
+import { schemas } from '@0x/json-schemas';
+import { assetDataUtils } from '@0x/order-utils';
+import { AssetProxyId, ObjectMap, SignedOrder } from '@0x/types';
+import * as _ from 'lodash';
+
+import { AffiliateInfo, AssetMetaData } from '../types';
+
+export const assert = {
+    ...sharedAssert,
+    isValidOrderSource(variableName: string, orderSource: string | SignedOrder[]): void {
+        if (_.isString(orderSource)) {
+            sharedAssert.isUri(variableName, orderSource);
+            return;
+        }
+        sharedAssert.doesConformToSchema(variableName, orderSource, schemas.signedOrdersSchema);
+    },
+    areValidAssetDatas(variableName: string, assetDatas: string[]): void {
+        _.forEach(assetDatas, (assetData, index) => assert.isHexString(`${variableName}[${index}]`, assetData));
+    },
+    isValidAssetMetaDataMap(variableName: string, metaDataMap: ObjectMap<AssetMetaData>): void {
+        _.forEach(metaDataMap, (metaData, assetData) => {
+            assert.isHexString(`key ${assetData} of ${variableName}`, assetData);
+            assert.isValidAssetMetaData(`${variableName}.${assetData}`, metaData);
+            const assetDataProxyId = assetDataUtils.decodeAssetProxyId(assetData);
+            assert.assert(
+                metaData.assetProxyId === assetDataProxyId,
+                `Expected meta data for assetData ${assetData} to have asset proxy id of ${assetDataProxyId}, but instead got ${
+                    metaData.assetProxyId
+                }`,
+            );
+        });
+    },
+    isValidAssetMetaData(variableName: string, metaData: AssetMetaData): void {
+        assert.isHexString(`${variableName}.assetProxyId`, metaData.assetProxyId);
+        if (!_.isUndefined(metaData.primaryColor)) {
+            assert.isString(`${variableName}.primaryColor`, metaData.primaryColor);
+        }
+        if (metaData.assetProxyId === AssetProxyId.ERC20) {
+            assert.isNumber(`${variableName}.decimals`, metaData.decimals);
+            assert.isString(`${variableName}.symbol`, metaData.symbol);
+        } else if (metaData.assetProxyId === AssetProxyId.ERC721) {
+            assert.isString(`${variableName}.name`, metaData.name);
+            assert.isUri(`${variableName}.imageUrl`, metaData.imageUrl);
+        }
+    },
+    isValidAffiliateInfo(variableName: string, affiliateInfo: AffiliateInfo): void {
+        assert.isETHAddressHex(`${variableName}.recipientAddress`, affiliateInfo.feeRecipient);
+        assert.isNumber(`${variableName}.percentage`, affiliateInfo.feePercentage);
+        assert.assert(
+            affiliateInfo.feePercentage >= 0 && affiliateInfo.feePercentage <= 0.05,
+            `Expected ${variableName}.percentage to be between 0 and 0.05, but is ${affiliateInfo.feePercentage}`,
+        );
+    },
+};
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/asset.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/asset.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fbfbb19f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/asset.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import { AssetProxyId, ObjectMap } from '@0x/types';
+import * as _ from 'lodash';
+
+import { assetDataNetworkMapping } from '../data/asset_data_network_mapping';
+import { Asset, AssetMetaData, ERC20Asset, Network, ZeroExInstantError } from '../types';
+
+export const assetUtils = {
+    createAssetsFromAssetDatas: (
+        assetDatas: string[],
+        assetMetaDataMap: ObjectMap<AssetMetaData>,
+        network: Network,
+    ): Asset[] => {
+        const arrayOfAssetOrUndefined = _.map(assetDatas, assetData =>
+            assetUtils.createAssetFromAssetDataIfExists(assetData, assetMetaDataMap, network),
+        );
+        return _.compact(arrayOfAssetOrUndefined);
+    },
+    createAssetFromAssetDataIfExists: (
+        assetData: string,
+        assetMetaDataMap: ObjectMap<AssetMetaData>,
+        network: Network,
+    ): Asset | undefined => {
+        const metaData = assetUtils.getMetaDataIfExists(assetData, assetMetaDataMap, network);
+        if (_.isUndefined(metaData)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        return {
+            assetData,
+            metaData,
+        };
+    },
+    createAssetFromAssetDataOrThrow: (
+        assetData: string,
+        assetMetaDataMap: ObjectMap<AssetMetaData>,
+        network: Network,
+    ): Asset => {
+        return {
+            assetData,
+            metaData: assetUtils.getMetaDataOrThrow(assetData, assetMetaDataMap, network),
+        };
+    },
+    getMetaDataOrThrow: (assetData: string, metaDataMap: ObjectMap<AssetMetaData>, network: Network): AssetMetaData => {
+        const metaDataIfExists = assetUtils.getMetaDataIfExists(assetData, metaDataMap, network);
+        if (_.isUndefined(metaDataIfExists)) {
+            throw new Error(ZeroExInstantError.AssetMetaDataNotAvailable);
+        }
+        return metaDataIfExists;
+    },
+    getMetaDataIfExists: (
+        assetData: string,
+        metaDataMap: ObjectMap<AssetMetaData>,
+        network: Network,
+    ): AssetMetaData | undefined => {
+        let mainnetAssetData: string | undefined = assetData;
+        if (network !== Network.Mainnet) {
+            const mainnetAssetDataIfExists = assetUtils.getAssociatedAssetDataIfExists(
+                assetData.toLowerCase(),
+                network,
+            );
+            // Just so we don't fail in the case where we are on a non-mainnet network,
+            // but pass in a valid mainnet assetData.
+            mainnetAssetData = mainnetAssetDataIfExists || assetData;
+        }
+        if (_.isUndefined(mainnetAssetData)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const metaData = metaDataMap[mainnetAssetData.toLowerCase()];
+        if (_.isUndefined(metaData)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        return metaData;
+    },
+    bestNameForAsset: (asset?: Asset, defaultName: string = '???'): string => {
+        if (_.isUndefined(asset)) {
+            return defaultName;
+        }
+        const metaData = asset.metaData;
+        switch (metaData.assetProxyId) {
+            case AssetProxyId.ERC20:
+                return metaData.symbol.toUpperCase();
+            case AssetProxyId.ERC721:
+                return metaData.name;
+            default:
+                return defaultName;
+        }
+    },
+    formattedSymbolForAsset: (asset?: ERC20Asset, defaultName: string = '???'): string => {
+        if (_.isUndefined(asset)) {
+            return defaultName;
+        }
+        const symbol = asset.metaData.symbol;
+        if (symbol.length <= 5) {
+            return symbol;
+        }
+        return `${symbol.slice(0, 3)}…`;
+    },
+    getAssociatedAssetDataIfExists: (assetData: string, network: Network): string | undefined => {
+        const assetDataGroupIfExists = _.find(assetDataNetworkMapping, value => value[network] === assetData);
+        if (_.isUndefined(assetDataGroupIfExists)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        return assetDataGroupIfExists[Network.Mainnet];
+    },
+    getERC20AssetsFromAssets: (assets: Asset[]): ERC20Asset[] => {
+        const erc20sOrUndefined = _.map(
+            assets,
+            asset => (asset.metaData.assetProxyId === AssetProxyId.ERC20 ? (asset as ERC20Asset) : undefined),
+        );
+        return _.compact(erc20sOrUndefined);
+    },
+};
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/asset_buyer_factory.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/asset_buyer_factory.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ba46223c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/asset_buyer_factory.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { AssetBuyer, AssetBuyerOpts } from '@0x/asset-buyer';
+import { Provider } from 'ethereum-types';
+import * as _ from 'lodash';
+
+import { Network, OrderSource } from '../types';
+
+export const assetBuyerFactory = {
+    getAssetBuyer: (provider: Provider, orderSource: OrderSource, network: Network): AssetBuyer => {
+        const assetBuyerOptions: Partial<AssetBuyerOpts> = {
+            networkId: network,
+        };
+        const assetBuyer = _.isString(orderSource)
+            ? AssetBuyer.getAssetBuyerForStandardRelayerAPIUrl(provider, orderSource, assetBuyerOptions)
+            : AssetBuyer.getAssetBuyerForProvidedOrders(provider, orderSource, assetBuyerOptions);
+        return assetBuyer;
+    },
+};
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/balance.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/balance.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2271495b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/balance.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { BuyQuote } from '@0x/asset-buyer';
+import { Web3Wrapper } from '@0x/web3-wrapper';
+import * as _ from 'lodash';
+
+export const balanceUtil = {
+    hasSufficientEth: async (takerAddress: string | undefined, buyQuote: BuyQuote, web3Wrapper: Web3Wrapper) => {
+        if (_.isUndefined(takerAddress)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const balanceWei = await web3Wrapper.getBalanceInWeiAsync(takerAddress);
+        return balanceWei.gte(buyQuote.worstCaseQuoteInfo.totalEthAmount);
+    },
+};
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/coinbase_api.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/coinbase_api.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..faac8d82d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/coinbase_api.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { BigNumber, fetchAsync } from '@0x/utils';
+
+import { COINBASE_API_BASE_URL } from '../constants';
+
+export const coinbaseApi = {
+    getEthUsdPrice: async (): Promise<BigNumber> => {
+        const res = await fetchAsync(`${COINBASE_API_BASE_URL}/prices/ETH-USD/buy`);
+        const resJson = await res.json();
+        return new BigNumber(resJson.data.amount);
+    },
+};
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/error_flasher.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/error_flasher.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..068c12fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/error_flasher.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { Dispatch } from 'redux';
+
+import { Action, actions } from '../redux/actions';
+
+class ErrorFlasher {
+    private _timeoutId?: number;
+    public flashNewErrorMessage(dispatch: Dispatch<Action>, errorMessage?: string, delayMs: number = 7000): void {
+        this._clearTimeout();
+        // dispatch new message
+        dispatch(actions.setErrorMessage(errorMessage || 'Something went wrong...'));
+        this._timeoutId = window.setTimeout(() => {
+            dispatch(actions.hideError());
+        }, delayMs);
+    }
+    public clearError(dispatch: Dispatch<Action>): void {
+        this._clearTimeout();
+        dispatch(actions.hideError());
+    }
+    private _clearTimeout(): void {
+        if (this._timeoutId) {
+            window.clearTimeout(this._timeoutId);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+export const errorFlasher = new ErrorFlasher();
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/etherscan.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/etherscan.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cfc2578a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/etherscan.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import * as _ from 'lodash';
+
+import { Network } from '../types';
+
+const etherscanPrefix = (networkId: number): string | undefined => {
+    switch (networkId) {
+        case Network.Kovan:
+            return 'kovan.';
+        case Network.Mainnet:
+            return '';
+        default:
+            return undefined;
+    }
+};
+
+export const etherscanUtil = {
+    getEtherScanTxnAddressIfExists: (txHash: string, networkId: number) => {
+        const prefix = etherscanPrefix(networkId);
+        if (_.isUndefined(prefix)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        return `https://${prefix}etherscan.io/tx/${txHash}`;
+    },
+};
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/format.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/format.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a48dec9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/format.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { BigNumber } from '@0x/utils';
+import { Web3Wrapper } from '@0x/web3-wrapper';
+import * as _ from 'lodash';
+
+import { ETH_DECIMALS } from '../constants';
+
+export const format = {
+    ethBaseAmount: (
+        ethBaseAmount?: BigNumber,
+        decimalPlaces: number = 4,
+        defaultText: React.ReactNode = '0 ETH',
+    ): React.ReactNode => {
+        if (_.isUndefined(ethBaseAmount)) {
+            return defaultText;
+        }
+        const ethUnitAmount = Web3Wrapper.toUnitAmount(ethBaseAmount, ETH_DECIMALS);
+        return format.ethUnitAmount(ethUnitAmount, decimalPlaces);
+    },
+    ethUnitAmount: (
+        ethUnitAmount?: BigNumber,
+        decimalPlaces: number = 4,
+        defaultText: React.ReactNode = '0 ETH',
+    ): React.ReactNode => {
+        if (_.isUndefined(ethUnitAmount)) {
+            return defaultText;
+        }
+        const roundedAmount = ethUnitAmount.round(decimalPlaces).toDigits(decimalPlaces);
+        return `${roundedAmount} ETH`;
+    },
+    ethBaseAmountInUsd: (
+        ethBaseAmount?: BigNumber,
+        ethUsdPrice?: BigNumber,
+        decimalPlaces: number = 2,
+        defaultText: React.ReactNode = '$0.00',
+    ): React.ReactNode => {
+        if (_.isUndefined(ethBaseAmount) || _.isUndefined(ethUsdPrice)) {
+            return defaultText;
+        }
+        const ethUnitAmount = Web3Wrapper.toUnitAmount(ethBaseAmount, ETH_DECIMALS);
+        return format.ethUnitAmountInUsd(ethUnitAmount, ethUsdPrice, decimalPlaces);
+    },
+    ethUnitAmountInUsd: (
+        ethUnitAmount?: BigNumber,
+        ethUsdPrice?: BigNumber,
+        decimalPlaces: number = 2,
+        defaultText: React.ReactNode = '$0.00',
+    ): React.ReactNode => {
+        if (_.isUndefined(ethUnitAmount) || _.isUndefined(ethUsdPrice)) {
+            return defaultText;
+        }
+        return `$${ethUnitAmount.mul(ethUsdPrice).toFixed(decimalPlaces)}`;
+    },
+};
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/gas_price_estimator.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/gas_price_estimator.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b15809a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/gas_price_estimator.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import { BigNumber, fetchAsync } from '@0x/utils';
+
+import {
+    DEFAULT_ESTIMATED_TRANSACTION_TIME_MS,
+    DEFAULT_GAS_PRICE,
+    ETH_GAS_STATION_API_BASE_URL,
+    GWEI_IN_WEI,
+} from '../constants';
+
+interface EthGasStationResult {
+    average: number;
+    fastestWait: number;
+    fastWait: number;
+    fast: number;
+    safeLowWait: number;
+    blockNum: number;
+    avgWait: number;
+    block_time: number;
+    speed: number;
+    fastest: number;
+    safeLow: number;
+}
+
+interface GasInfo {
+    gasPriceInWei: BigNumber;
+    estimatedTimeMs: number;
+}
+
+const fetchFastAmountInWeiAsync = async (): Promise<GasInfo> => {
+    const res = await fetchAsync(`${ETH_GAS_STATION_API_BASE_URL}/json/ethgasAPI.json`);
+    const gasInfo = (await res.json()) as EthGasStationResult;
+    // Eth Gas Station result is gwei * 10
+    const gasPriceInGwei = new BigNumber(gasInfo.fast / 10);
+    // Time is in minutes
+    const estimatedTimeMs = gasInfo.fastWait * 60 * 1000; // Minutes to MS
+    return { gasPriceInWei: gasPriceInGwei.mul(GWEI_IN_WEI), estimatedTimeMs };
+};
+
+export class GasPriceEstimator {
+    private _lastFetched?: GasInfo;
+    public async getGasInfoAsync(): Promise<GasInfo> {
+        let fetchedAmount: GasInfo | undefined;
+        try {
+            fetchedAmount = await fetchFastAmountInWeiAsync();
+        } catch {
+            fetchedAmount = undefined;
+        }
+
+        if (fetchedAmount) {
+            this._lastFetched = fetchedAmount;
+        }
+
+        return (
+            fetchedAmount ||
+            this._lastFetched || {
+                gasPriceInWei: DEFAULT_GAS_PRICE,
+                estimatedTimeMs: DEFAULT_ESTIMATED_TRANSACTION_TIME_MS,
+            }
+        );
+    }
+}
+export const gasPriceEstimator = new GasPriceEstimator();
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/maybe_big_number.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/maybe_big_number.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d3746e10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/maybe_big_number.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import { BigNumber } from '@0x/utils';
+import * as _ from 'lodash';
+
+import { Maybe } from '../types';
+
+export const maybeBigNumberUtil = {
+    // converts a string to a Maybe<BigNumber>
+    // if string is a NaN, considered undefined
+    stringToMaybeBigNumber: (stringValue: string): Maybe<BigNumber> => {
+        let validBigNumber: BigNumber;
+        try {
+            validBigNumber = new BigNumber(stringValue);
+        } catch {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+
+        return validBigNumber.isNaN() ? undefined : validBigNumber;
+    },
+    areMaybeBigNumbersEqual: (val1: Maybe<BigNumber>, val2: Maybe<BigNumber>): boolean => {
+        if (!_.isUndefined(val1) && !_.isUndefined(val2)) {
+            return val1.equals(val2);
+        }
+        return _.isUndefined(val1) && _.isUndefined(val2);
+    },
+};
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/provider_factory.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/provider_factory.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..603f7674d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/provider_factory.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { EmptyWalletSubprovider, RPCSubprovider, Web3ProviderEngine } from '@0x/subproviders';
+import { Provider } from 'ethereum-types';
+import * as _ from 'lodash';
+
+import { BLOCK_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS, ETHEREUM_NODE_URL_BY_NETWORK } from '../constants';
+import { Maybe, Network } from '../types';
+
+export const providerFactory = {
+    getInjectedProviderIfExists: (): Maybe<Provider> => {
+        const injectedProviderIfExists = (window as any).ethereum;
+        if (!_.isUndefined(injectedProviderIfExists)) {
+            return injectedProviderIfExists;
+        }
+        const injectedWeb3IfExists = (window as any).web3;
+        if (!_.isUndefined(injectedWeb3IfExists) && !_.isUndefined(injectedWeb3IfExists.currentProvider)) {
+            return injectedWeb3IfExists.currentProvider;
+        }
+        return undefined;
+    },
+    getFallbackNoSigningProvider: (network: Network): Provider => {
+        const providerEngine = new Web3ProviderEngine({
+            pollingInterval: BLOCK_POLLING_INTERVAL_MS,
+        });
+        // Intercept calls to `eth_accounts` and always return empty
+        providerEngine.addProvider(new EmptyWalletSubprovider());
+        // Construct an RPC subprovider, all data based requests will be sent via the RPCSubprovider
+        // TODO(bmillman): make this more resilient to infura failures
+        const rpcUrl = ETHEREUM_NODE_URL_BY_NETWORK[network];
+        providerEngine.addProvider(new RPCSubprovider(rpcUrl));
+        // // Start the Provider Engine
+        providerEngine.start();
+        return providerEngine;
+    },
+};
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/provider_state_factory.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/provider_state_factory.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18b188d89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/provider_state_factory.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import { Web3Wrapper } from '@0x/web3-wrapper';
+import { Provider } from 'ethereum-types';
+import * as _ from 'lodash';
+
+import { AccountNotReady, AccountState, Maybe, Network, OrderSource, ProviderState } from '../types';
+
+import { assetBuyerFactory } from './asset_buyer_factory';
+import { providerFactory } from './provider_factory';
+
+const LOADING_ACCOUNT: AccountNotReady = {
+    state: AccountState.Loading,
+};
+const NO_ACCOUNT: AccountNotReady = {
+    state: AccountState.None,
+};
+
+export const providerStateFactory = {
+    getInitialProviderState: (orderSource: OrderSource, network: Network, provider?: Provider): ProviderState => {
+        if (!_.isUndefined(provider)) {
+            return providerStateFactory.getInitialProviderStateFromProvider(orderSource, network, provider);
+        }
+        const providerStateFromWindowIfExits = providerStateFactory.getInitialProviderStateFromWindowIfExists(
+            orderSource,
+            network,
+        );
+        if (providerStateFromWindowIfExits) {
+            return providerStateFromWindowIfExits;
+        } else {
+            return providerStateFactory.getInitialProviderStateFallback(orderSource, network);
+        }
+    },
+    getInitialProviderStateFromProvider: (
+        orderSource: OrderSource,
+        network: Network,
+        provider: Provider,
+    ): ProviderState => {
+        const providerState: ProviderState = {
+            provider,
+            web3Wrapper: new Web3Wrapper(provider),
+            assetBuyer: assetBuyerFactory.getAssetBuyer(provider, orderSource, network),
+            account: LOADING_ACCOUNT,
+        };
+        return providerState;
+    },
+    getInitialProviderStateFromWindowIfExists: (orderSource: OrderSource, network: Network): Maybe<ProviderState> => {
+        const injectedProviderIfExists = providerFactory.getInjectedProviderIfExists();
+        if (!_.isUndefined(injectedProviderIfExists)) {
+            const providerState: ProviderState = {
+                provider: injectedProviderIfExists,
+                web3Wrapper: new Web3Wrapper(injectedProviderIfExists),
+                assetBuyer: assetBuyerFactory.getAssetBuyer(injectedProviderIfExists, orderSource, network),
+                account: LOADING_ACCOUNT,
+            };
+            return providerState;
+        } else {
+            return undefined;
+        }
+    },
+    getInitialProviderStateFallback: (orderSource: OrderSource, network: Network): ProviderState => {
+        const provider = providerFactory.getFallbackNoSigningProvider(network);
+        const providerState: ProviderState = {
+            provider,
+            web3Wrapper: new Web3Wrapper(provider),
+            assetBuyer: assetBuyerFactory.getAssetBuyer(provider, orderSource, network),
+            account: NO_ACCOUNT,
+        };
+        return providerState;
+    },
+};
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/time.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/time.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfe69cad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/time.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+const secondsToMinutesAndRemainingSeconds = (seconds: number): { minutes: number; remainingSeconds: number } => {
+    const minutes = Math.floor(seconds / 60);
+    const remainingSeconds = seconds - minutes * 60;
+
+    return {
+        minutes,
+        remainingSeconds,
+    };
+};
+
+const padZero = (aNumber: number): string => {
+    return aNumber < 10 ? `0${aNumber}` : aNumber.toString();
+};
+
+export const timeUtil = {
+    // converts seconds to human readable version of seconds or minutes
+    secondsToHumanDescription: (seconds: number): string => {
+        const { minutes, remainingSeconds } = secondsToMinutesAndRemainingSeconds(seconds);
+
+        if (minutes === 0) {
+            const suffix = seconds > 1 ? 's' : '';
+            return `${seconds} second${suffix}`;
+        }
+
+        const minuteSuffix = minutes > 1 ? 's' : '';
+        const minuteText = `${minutes} minute${minuteSuffix}`;
+
+        const secondsSuffix = remainingSeconds > 1 ? 's' : '';
+        const secondsText = remainingSeconds === 0 ? '' : ` ${remainingSeconds} second${secondsSuffix}`;
+
+        return `${minuteText}${secondsText}`;
+    },
+    // converts seconds to stopwatch time (i.e. 05:30 and 00:30)
+    // only goes up to minutes, not hours
+    secondsToStopwatchTime: (seconds: number): string => {
+        const { minutes, remainingSeconds } = secondsToMinutesAndRemainingSeconds(seconds);
+        return `${padZero(minutes)}:${padZero(remainingSeconds)}`;
+    },
+};
diff --git a/packages/instant/src/util/util.ts b/packages/instant/src/util/util.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..232a86850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/instant/src/util/util.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import * as _ from 'lodash';
+
+export const util = {
+    boundNoop: _.noop.bind(_),
+};